This document describes a student study project on plastic waste management methods conducted by students at the Government Degree College Rangasaipet-Warangal, Warangal Dist. The project aims to understand the harmful effects of plastic waste and eco-friendly plastic waste management methods. It analyzes terms related to plastics and plastic waste. It then describes three plastic waste management methods studied: conversion of plastic waste to fuel through pyrolysis, use of plastic waste in road construction, and co-processing of plastic waste as fuel in cement kilns. The conclusion suggests reducing plastic use and properly disposing of waste to protect the environment.

1. JIGNASA-STUDENT STUDY PROJECT
PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT METHODS -WEALTH FROM WASTE
Department of Chemistry
Government Degree College Rangasaipet-Warangal,
Warangal Dist.
Submitted by:
Ch. Likhita, BSc., (BZC) II year.
P.Sindhu Bhavana, BSc., (BZC) II year
M. Jayaprakash, BSc., (BZC), II year.
Ch. Aditya, BSc., (BZC), II year.
B.Aishwarya, BSc., (BZC), II year.
Under the supervision of:
Dr. Ch. Sudhakar
Assistant Professor of Chemistry
Government Degree College
Rangasaipet-Warangal

2. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:
To learn and understand about the harmful effects of plastic waste.
To learn and understand about some eco-friendly and economically benefited plastic
waste management methods.
To think about reduction of plastic use in our daily life and 100% collection of plastic
waste.
METHODOLOGY:
We have gathered information about the plastic waste management and its importance
from various open educational resources.
ANALYSIS OF DATA : SOME TERMS-EXPLANATION
PLASTIC: Plastics are synthetic polymers formed by a large number of monomers by
polymerization process.
Ex: Polythene, Polyvinylchloride, Polystyrene, Bakelite etc.,

3. nCH2=CH2
Ethene Low DensityPolythene
(Monomer)
Polymerisation
Peroxide catalyst
CH2 CH2
n
(Polymer)
Ziegler-Natta
catalyst
nCH2=CH2
Ethene High DensityPolythene
(Monomer)
Polymerisation
CH2 CH2
n
(Polymer)
(Polymer)
Vinylchloride
Polyvinylchloride
Styrene
Polystyrene
nCH2=CH-Cl CH2 CH
n
Cl
(Monomer)
Polymerisation
Peroxide catalyst
(Polymer)
CH2=CH
n
(Monomer)
Polymerisation
Peroxide catalyst
CH2-CH
n

4. OH
3CH2=O
+
OH
HO
HO
OH
HO HO
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
OH
HO
HO Heat, -H2O
Phenol
Phenol Formaldehyde
Heat, -H2O
Repeat, CH2=O
Bakelite (Polymer)
PLASTIC WASTE: The accumulation of plastic objects in our environment is known as
plastic pollution or plastic waste. It is a non-biodegradable waste.
PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT (PMW): The initiatives aims to establish
environment-friendly plastic waste disposal solutions are known as plastic waste
management.

5. INTRODUCTION :
Plastic products have become an integral part of our daily life due to its broad range of
applications.
 On an average, production of plastic globally crosses 150 million tonnes per year.
Landfilled plastic lies untreated for hundreds of years and toxic chemicals from plastics
drain out and seep into groundwater causes water and soil pollution.
Due to plastic waste on the land, the drainage systems become clogged, causing flooding.
 In Incineration undesirable harmful gases, heavy metals and soot particles emits and
causes environmental pollution.
Over use of plastic causes serious damage to nature systems.
To overcome these serious problems, we have to think about 100% collection of plastic
waste.

7. MANAGEMENT OF PLASTIC WASTE:
To safeguard the environment, the most important issue is the effective
and efficient management of the massive volume of plastic waste generated
around us.
In this project we have reported three ecofriendly and economically
benefited plastic waste management methods. They are,
1.CONVERSION OF PLASTIC WASTE INTO FUEL:
Plastic waste is converted into fuel by pyrolysis process. Pyro means heat
and lysis means break down. Pyrolysis is a de-polymerization process.
Polymer (plastic)
Pyrolysis
Small molecules
Catalyst, Absence of O2

8. PRINCIPLE:
During pyrolysis the waste plastic materials have subjected to high temperature,
the bonds between monomer units stretched to such an extent leading to breaking
of bonds and the polymer break down into small and smaller molecular pieces.
PROCEDURE:
Mechanical segregation of plastic waste from municipal solid waste (MSW).
100% segregation of plastic waste with the help of optical segregation device.
Dislodging dust and impurities, shredding of plastic waste .
Pyrolysis of shredded plastic waste in the presence of catalyst and in the
absence of oxygen at 350oC gives 80% liquid RDF, 15% gases, 5% carbon black.

9. P y r o l y s i s
Mechanical segregation of plastic waste
from mixed MSW dumpyard/storage
Transportation of segregated plastic waste
through conveyor belt for optical segregation
Optical segregation of plastic waste and multilayer
packagings except PVC
Shredding of plastic waste and dislodging dust and impurities
Transportation of segregated (100% plastic waste) into feeding hopper (reactor)
Feeding of plastic waste into reactor for random depolymerization
in presence of catalytic additives and in absence of O2
Schematic flow diagram of plastic waste pyrolysis
80% Liquid RDF 15% Gases 5% Carbon black

10. .
ADVANTAGES:
It reduces waste going into landfillings, incineration and prevents risk of soil,
water and air pollution.
We can use liquid RDF, Gases as fuels and carbon black in industrial
applications.
It creates new jobs for lower income people based on the quantity of plastic
waste generated in that region which in turn produce public health benefits
through waste cleanup.

11. 2.UTILIZATION OF PLASTIC WASTE IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION:
The collected plastics waste segregated and only Polythene and Poly propylene
is taken, cleaned, dried and shredded into 2-4 mm pieces.
The gravel aggregate is heated to 160oC-170oC, and then it is transferred to
mixing chamber. Similarly the bitumen is to be heated to 155oC-165oC in another
chamber.
At the mixing chamber, the shredded plastics waste is added over the hot
aggregate. It gets coated uniformly over the aggregate within 30 to 45 seconds.
The plastics waste coated aggregate is mixed with hot bitumen. Then this final
resulted mix is used for laying roads.

12. Schematic flow diagram of plastic coated bitumen road construction
Collection of Plastic Waste
Segregation of Different Types of Plastics
Cleaning & Drying of waste plastic (P.E;P.P)
Shredding of Plastic waste into 2- 4 mm
Gravel aggregate heated to around 160-170o
C
Shredded polymer waste is added to heated gravel aggregate
for 30-40 sec. for uniform coating on the surface of
gravel aggregate
The plastic coated gravel aggregate is mixed with
hot bitumen at 155-165o
C
The Composite (plastic coted gravel, bitumen mix) is
used for road laying at temperature between 110-140o
C

13. ADVANTAGES:
Plastic-bitumen composite roads have better wear resistance than
standard bitumen concrete roads.
They do not absorb water; have better flexibility which results in less rutting
and less need for repair.
Road surfaces remain smooth, are lower maintenance, and absorb sound
better.
This is Cost-effective method.

14. 3.CO-PROCESSING OF PLASTIC WASTE AS ALTERNATIVE FUEL
AND RAW MATERIAL (AFR) IN CEMENT KILNS:
Waste plastic materials are used as fuel instead of coal in cement kilns during
the heating stage of clinkers.
 Cement kilns are operated at 1400oC and above.
At this high temperature waste plastic is destroyed and leaves no residue
behind.

15. Waste plastic material
primary collection
&
segregation
Secondary segregation
of waste to separate
recyclable part
Recyclable plastic waste
Non-recyclable
plastic waste
Bailed material
Transportation to cement plant
for co-processing of
plastic waste in cement kilns
Schematic flow diagram of co-processing of plastic waste in cement kilns

16. ADVANTAGES:
No ash left over after co-processing, heavy metals are trapped in the matrix
of the clinker.
It is an integrated solution to plastic waste management.
It Reduces the overall Greenhouse gas emissions and Conservation of fossil
fuel resources.

17. CONCLUSION AND SUGESSTIONS:
We must use plastic with discretion. If possible we have to reduce and reuse
plastic things.
On an average, a plastic shopping bag is used for just 12 minutes. Less than
1% is recycled. Most of the plastic pollution in our environment is due to these
plastic shopping bags. So we have to use biodegradable shopping bags instead
of plastic shopping bags. And government should ban the use of all types plastic
shopping bags.
The Government should bring an Act for imposing fine on the people who is
throwing plastic waste outside.

18. To collect 100% plastic waste, government should introduce Q.R code
method. In this method Q.R Code must be printed on each and every
plastic article. And the article cost should be 10-15% excess of the original
cost. After use of that article the person who returns that plastic article gets
that excess paid money back. This arrangement must be in every plastic
using shop. If rich persons throws out that plastic article outside, the poor
person who collects that article will get that money or the governments
should use that accumulated money to clear the plastic waste. In this way
we can stop plastic waste in our environment

19. REFERENCES:
1. Anand Prakash, Ritesh Ramesh Palkar, Co-processing of plastic waste in a cement kiln:
a better option, Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2023), Vol. 30,
Page.24804-24814.
2. Manoj Suthar, Nandeshwar Lata, Bharat Nagar, Plastic Waste as an Alternate Fuel,
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), (2020) Vol. 9
(07), page 1254-1261.
3. Mrs. Prabha Singh, Dr. Lily Trivedi, Plastic Waste Management, GIS SCIENCE
JOURNAL (2020), Vol. 7(2), page 25-31.
4. R.Manju; Sathya S; Sheema K; Use of Plastic Waste in Bituminous Pavement,
International Journal of Chem. Tech. Research, (2017) Vol. 10( 8), page. 804-811.
5. Central Pollution Control Board, Overview of Plastic Waste Management, (2013),
Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi-110032.

20. THANK YOU
“Take care of the Earth and she will take care of you”