Evidence based projectMSN, Walden UniversityNURS-6052CDr.

Evidence based project
MSN, Walden University
NURS-6052C
Dr. Emily Keyes
10/01/2021
introduction
Most of the health care facilities have implemented Evidence
Based Practices mostly in nursing
EBP involves the use of research evidence, clinical expertise as
well as patient’s preferences
There is a confusion on the pros and cons of EBP in nursing
Thus, PICOT questions are based on the use of EBP in each
day’s nursing project.
Picot question
With the mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU aged 40
years or older, does the use of oral chlorhexidine in comparison
to no chlorhexidine aid in reducing the incidence of VAP in 5
weeks?
population
intervention
comparison
outcome
Time
mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU aged 40 years or
older
use of oral chlorhexidine

use of no oral chlorhexidine
reducing the incidence of VAP
5 weeks
Databases used for the research
PubMed:
The database aids in ensuring easy search per topic by using the
search terms in order to filter results and find certain peer
reviewed articles
Google Scholar
Allows me to easily navigate as well as filter the results to fit in
my research
Cochrane Library
The database offers a wide range of systematic reviews as well
as peer reviewed articles
CINAHL
Provides access to associated health topics as well as nursing
based literature using electronic books and journals.
Peer reviewed articles
Al-Rabeei, N., Al-jaradi, A., Al-Wesaby, S., & Alrubaiee, G.
(2019). Nursing Practice for Prevention of Ventilator-
Associated Pneumonia in ICUs at Public Hospitals in Sana’a,
City-Yemen. Al-Razi University Journal of Medical Sciences,
3(2), 69–80.
Frota, M. L., Campanharo, C. R. V., Lopes, M. C. B. T.,
Piacezzi, L. H. V., Okuno, M. F. P., & Batista, R. E. A. (2019).
Good practices for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia

in the emergency department. Revista Da Escola de Enfermagem
Da USP, 53. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-220x2018010803460
Jam, R., Mesquida, J., Hernández, S., Sandalinas, I., Turégano,
C., Carrillo, E., Delgado-Hito, P. (2018). Nursing workload and
compliance with non-pharmacological measures to prevent
ventilator-associated pneumonia: a multicentre study. Nursing
in Critical Care, 23(6), 291–298.
https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12380
Kapucu, S., & ÖZden, G. (2017). Nursing Interventions to
Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in ICUs. Konuralp
Tıp Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.285554
Levels of evidence
The level of evidence for the article by Jam et al (2018) is level
II since an observational study design was used.
The level of evidence for this article by Fronta et al., (2019) is
level I since it a cross sectional study
The level of evidence for this article by Al-Rabeei, et al.,
(2019) is level III since it is a descriptive, cross sectional study
The level of evidence for this article by Boltey, et al., (2017) is
level IV since it is a systematic review.

Strengths of systematic reviews
Systematic reviews aids in making the accessible evidence more
accessible to decision makers
They are most accessible forms of study given that they are at
the top of the hierarchy of evidence
Systematic reviews are more comprehensive
They offer up to date as well systematic summary for the
current evidence
References
Eastern Illinois University. (2018). Why Is Evidence-Based
Practice In Nursing So Important? Retrieved from
https://learnonline.eiu.edu/articles/rnbsn/evidence-based-
practice-important.aspx
Davies, K. S. (2011). Formulating the Evidence Based Practice
Question: A Review of the Frameworks. Evidence Based
Library and Information Practice, 6(2), 75–80.

Jadiam Lopez
NURS-6052C
Dr. Emily Keyes
10/14/2021
Critical Appraisal Tool Worksheet Template
Evaluation Table
Use this document to complete the evaluation table requirement
of the Module 4 Assessment,Evidence-Based Project, Part 4A:
Critical Appraisal of Research
Full APA formatted citation of the selected article.
Article #1
Article #2
Article #3
Article #4

Davies, K. S. (2011). Formulating the Evidence Based Practice
Question: A Review of the Frameworks. Evidence Based
Library and Information Practice, 6(2), 75–80.
Evidence Level *
(I, II, or III)
Level I
Level III
Level III
Level II
Level IV
Conceptual Framework
Describe the theoretical basis for the study (If there is not one

mentioned in the article, say that here).**
The conceptual framework used was well organized with the bid
to gather the information that is EB to ascertain using
questionnaires on a population sample of 290 ICU. This was a
reasonable number as per the study's intention, and this
provided acquired responses from the professional on the
protocols used to prevent VAP among patients.
The study deployed a prospective observational approach in two
different medical-surgical ICU units in Spain to determine how
nurses were to prevent VAP.
Data collection began May to august 2017where observations
were made about nursing practices that prevented VAP and were
kept confidential. The analysis was conducted via a cross-
sectional analytical study with a quantitative approach.
The article used components of different PICO-based
frameworks to establish EB practice questions in treating
various illnesses.
Design/Method
Describe the design and how the study was carried out (In
detail, including inclusion/exclusion criteria).
The study deployed the use of interviews and questions to
collected a wide of details from the participants. The research
included student’s t-test was utilized to compare two groups and
analysis of variance used to compare more than two groups.
Used prospective observational to forecast the issues related to
nursing compliance level to reduce VAP. A questionnaire along
with workload was used to indicate the baseline for VAP
interventions.
A cross-sectional analytical approach along with a quantitative
study was used in the study to assess the conformity of a set of
good practices of preventing VAP within the emergency
department in the university of a hospital in the city of São
Paulo.

The article never indicated any method used for their research
Sample/Setting
The number and characteristics of
patients, attrition rate, etc.
The research sample was made of 535 ICU nurses working
within the Ankara municipality.
Nurses from the state level and university hospital were selected
using stratified sampling.
The sample studied was composed of 97, where 65 nurses were
from one of the ICU the remaining 32 patients were from the
2nd ICU. All staff nurses were qualified for the study as long as
they attended patients with invasive mechanical ventilation.
The sample comprised of opportunities for care observation
that entailed a set of good practices for preventing VAP in the
emergency department.
The study population was composed of all years and above.
hospitalized patients aged
Its utilized various sample question to illustrate on how to
formulate PCIOT questions using a wide range of PICOT- Based
framework
Major Variables Studied
List and define dependent and independent variables
Independent variables.
Male and female participants.
Age between 20 to 35 but grouped in a range of 5.
Dependent variables
Time.
Hand sanitizers.
Gloves.
Independent variables.

Compliance.
Nurses age.
Knowledge questionnaire
Dependent workload.
Workload
Work shift.
Year of experience.
Independent variables
Infections.
Neurological
Cardiovascular
Pulmonary.
Time.
Dependent variables.
Age.
none
Measurement
Identify primary statistics used to answer clinical questions
(You need to list the actual tests done).
The student's t-test was used to
The SPSS V18 package was utilized along with a regression
model to assess the link between compliance to non-
pharmacological preventive approaches and workload.
A cross-sectional analytical study with a quantitative approach,
A questionnaire together with transaction log analysis was used
Data Analysis Statistical or
Qualitative findings
(You need to enter the actual numbers determined by the
statistical tests or qualitative data).
The study used questionnaires to collect data, after which

statistical data evaluation was conducted to compare two
groups.
The analysis of data was done using statistical methods. It was
found that when the relation mentioned above was measured,
greater compliance with workload was (B 0·001, 95% CI 0·000,
0·003; p = 0·05).
the quantitative approach,
a total of 209 observations were performed in 42
patients.
Among the hospitalized patient’s 23.8% developed VAP, and
52.4% died
Qualitative analysis of data on PICOT questions
Findings and Recommendations
General findings and recommendations of the research
Only 7.9% of the nurses admitted having read and adhered to
the scientific literature on VAP.
A hospital should find its own way of training nurses while on
the job on issues regarding VAP.
Out of the 96 nurses from the two ICUs, 79% were observed, to
327 total observations made.
Compliance with parameters such as hand hygiene indicated a
vast discrepancy between what they do and what they know.
Among the hospitalized patient’s 23.8% developed VAP, and
52.4% died.
It was found that lack of compliance and application of
recommended care was not well utilized.
Recommendations: progressive renewal of nurse education on
VAP intervention.
Rather than using all the frameworks for PICOT questions, it
will be advisable to consider key elements like timeframe,
duration, content, and type of question to structure website
searches.
Appraisal and Study Quality

Describe the general worth of this research to practice.
What are the strengths and limitations of the study?
What are the risks associated with the implementation of the
suggested practices or processes detailed in the research?
What is the feasibility of use in your practice?
The research is worth is it aimed at finding the factors that
could accelerate issues of VAP in healthcare organizations and
the interventions to prevent VAP.
The strengths are that it used reliable sources of information
that was quality but only limited within the one healthcare
facility.
The only risk of implementing the suggested practice is
increased Cost.
There are high chances of adopting and implementation of the
identified.

The study was well organized and used the required population
to ascertain how nurses comply with practices that reduce VAP.
Its strength is that it selected a wide range of nurses based on
their age and years of experience in order to collect quality
data. The use of nurses might have changed their habits while
the study was on (Frota et al., 2019)
Cost of and expenses may increase beyond the annual budget for
the facilities.
The quality of the study indicates that there are higher chances
of adopting the recommended practice.
The study was well conducted to collect data on compliance and
application of knowledge on preventing VAP.
The study used data collected from reliable subjects and
clinical settings. The limitation is that it was performed in a
single center.
Possibility of infections spreading infection during the study
Increased Cost of training nurses

From the research outcomes, there is a high probability of
adopting the practice to facilitate compliance.
The methodology used is missing, and this limits the quality of
work done.
Not well structured due to lack of proper methods of research.
Insufficient knowledge gathered could limit the application of
the said practice.
Although the content provided is good, the probability of
adopting the findings is low.
Key findings
Only 7.9 nurses could adhere to the instructions provided on the
management of VAP.

Only a few nurses know how to apply what they understand
about hand hygiene to reduce VAP cases impacts.
The nursing care provided is not in line with compliance
guidelines.
To refine website searches in the use of different frameworks
enable the searcher to suit their search as opposed to trying to
fit a search scenario into a framework.
Outcomes
Cases of VAP are reported due to lack of proper reading and
application of suggested interventions to reduce its impacts on
patients.
Nurses’ compliance with the required standards was
insufficient.
Healthcare facilities need to develop on-job training on better
interventions to prevent VAP (Frota et al., 2019).
PICOT based frameworks are tools that could be used to guide
one on the search strategy formation (Davies, 2011) .
General Notes/Comments
The research provided more insight on how best to manage VAP
in hospitals
Nurses should make use of the knowledge they have rather than
applying other approaches that are not relevant with respect to
compliance (Davies, 2011).
Good work from the researchers, but they ought to have
expanded and covered several centers in order to get a clear
picture of the issues related to VAP.

Not much is covered nor expounded on.
References
Davies, K. S. (2011). Formulating the evidence-based practice

question: A review of the
frameworks. https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/eblip/index.php/
EBLIP/article/view/9741
Frota, M. L., Campanharo, C. R., Lopes, M. C., Piacezzi, L. H.,
Okuno, M. F., & Batista, R. E. (2019). Good practices for
preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia in the emergency
department. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da
USP, 53. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-220x2018010803460
Jam, R., Mesquida, J., Hernández, Ó., Sandalinas, I.,
Turégano, C., Carrillo, E., Pedragosa, R., Valls, J., Parera, A.,
Ateca, B., Salamero, M., Jane, R., Oliva, J. C., & Delgado-
Hito, P. (2018). Nursing workload and compliance with non-
pharmacological measures to prevent ventilator-associated
pneumonia: A multicentre study. Nursing in Critical
Care, 23(6), 291-298. https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12380
KAPUCU, S., & ÖZDEN, G. (2017, March 23). Nursing
interventions to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia in
ICUs. Ana Sayfa »
DergiPark. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ktd/issue/28501/2855
54
Critical Appraisal of Research
Evidence-based practice in nursing is a critical process since it
enables nurses to provide care through researched information
by experts. The evidence-based practice assists nurses in
enhancing culturally sensitive care. Pneumonia is a respiration
disease that inflames the alveoli (air sacs) of one or both lungs,
thus preventing the patient from breathing properly. In most
cases, the air sacs are filled with pus, leading to difficulty in
breathing, chills, and fever. Pneumonia is one of the significant
causes of death, particularly to children, and the disease may
range from mild signs to life-threatening. Additionally, the

elderly above the age of sixty-five have a high risk of severe
pneumonia.
The leading causes of pneumonia include viruses and bacteria
from the air we breathe. For instance, in the United States,
Streptococcus Pneumoniae is the common bacterium that causes
pneumonia. Organisms such as Mycoplasma pneumonia are also
the leading cause of pneumonia but cause mild symptoms than
other bacteria. The other main cause of pneumonia is fungi
resulting from bird droplets and soil, which vary depending on
the weather condition and geographical location. Pneumonia is
more vulnerable to people with weak immune systems caused by
underlying conditions such as asthma, cancers, obesity, and
diabetes. Severe pneumonia requires patients to receive services
from ICU, where the healthcare personnel need to use evidence-
based practice to offer quality services. My evidence-based
project provides the best intervention of pneumonia people in
the ICU through evidence-based practice.
Based on the first article (Article #1), nurses are responsible for
providing quality health services to patients admitted to the ICU
for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Based on the research
conducted through a questionnaire, nurses are poorly trained to
manage pneumonia in the ICU across the globe. Through the
article, nurses are not adequately prepared to sterilize their
hands through cuff pressure or alcohol-containing liquid to
prevent VAP. Various nurses preferred other methods to prevent
pneumonia through the article, which were less effective than
cuff pressure or alcohol-containing liquid methods.
The article further indicated that nurses with degrees in nursing
were more compliant to set methods to prevent VAP (Kapucu &
Özden, 2017). They performed better than other nurses without
the degree qualifications. Additionally, the statistics show that
most hospital lacks the framework to contain pneumonia in the
ICU. Since hospitals have different cultures on the way they
interact with the employees and the patients, it is essential to
develop their own way to manage VAP.
The second article (article #2) states that Ventilator-associated

pneumonia (VAP) is required to prevent and contain VAP. Most
nurses are unable since most of the healthcare workers are not
compliant with the recommended measures, which are evidence-
based (Jam, Mesquida, Hernández, Sandalinas, Turégano,
Carrillo & Delgado‐ Hito, 2018). Nurses between the age of
thirty-one and forty were less compliant than nurses above the
age of fifty. The author of the article believes some hospitals
are well equipped with policy and structure to prevent the
severity and complication of VAP patients in the ICU, but the
challenge is that some of the younger professionals are reluctant
to comply with the laid procedure to prevent VAP.
The article investigated compliance with the non-
pharmacological measures to prevent VAP in relation to the
workload. Based on the authors, there is no relation between the
level of non-compliance with healthcare workers' workload.
However, there is a high level of compliance ignorance among
the junior staff in the ICU department. There is a need for
nurses to prevent VAP prevents VAP using evidence-based
practice and make the policy a routine in the management of the
disease.
Based on the article (article #3), nurses should provide both
medication and psychological support to enhance care delivery.
Nurses have the responsibility to involve family members in
providing care to a patient. Incorporating the family members
enables a nurse to offer a culturally acceptable medication that
respects one ethnicity and culture (Frota, Campanharo, Lopes,
Piacezzi, Okuno & Batista, 2019). A healthcare worker should
not cause harm or expose the patients to other diseases. Mostly
VIP is discovered in the ICU, but mild symptoms might be
discovered during intubation in the emerging.
The article indicated that effective policies should be
implemented during pre-hospital to enable nurses and doctors
proactive in identifying VAP symptoms and signs. Early
intervention to manage VAP prevents premature death that can
be avoided from occurring. Additionally, ICU services are very
expensive, and most patients are overwhelmed with the hospital

charges in the ICU. It is, therefore, necessary to ensure early
intervention that would prevent patients from developing severe
conditions that require ICU services.
The article #4 indicates that most of death and complication
resulting from VAP is contributed to inadequate training and the
use of poor strategy among the healthcare in managing the
disease. The article believes that poor management of VAP is
common among the public hospital due to lack of specialization.
The public hospital provides all types of care from primary,
secondary, and tertiary, unlike some private hospitals that
specialize either in primary, secondary, or tertiary care. In most
cases, when a private hospital is unable to provide tertiary care,
they refer the patient to another more advanced healthcare
facility. Care provision should be science-based among all the
hospitals.
Additionally, some healthcare personnel has a poor perception
of VAP, thus preventing them from offering quality care (Al -
Rabeei, Al-jaradi, Al-Wesaby & Alrubaiee, 2019). Due to poor
perception, nurse students pay less attention to VAP studies,
thus making them less knowledgeable. Nurses should be
exposed to refreshment courses to make them more competitive
when dealing with VAP patients in the ICU.
References
Al-Rabeei, N. A., Al-jaradi, A. S., Al-Wesaby, S. A., &
Alrubaiee, G. G. (2019). Nursing Practice for Prevention of
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in ICUs at Public Hospitals in
Sana’a, City-Yemen.
Jam, R., Mesquida, J., Hernández, Ó, Sandalinas, I., Turégano,
C., Carrillo, E. & Delgado‐ Hito, P. (2018). Nursing workload
and compliance with non‐ pharmacological measures to prevent
ventilator‐ associated pneumonia: a multicentre study. Nursing

in critical care, 23(6), 291-298.
Kapucu, S., & Özden, G. (2017). Nursing interventions to
prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia in ICUs. Konuralp
Medical Journal, 9(1), 35-40.
© 2018 Laureate Education Inc. 2
© 201
8
Laureate Education Inc.
1
J
adiam Lopez
NURS
-
60
52
C
Dr. Emily Keyes
10
/

Dr. Emily Keyes
09/04/2021
Matrix Worksheet Template
Use this document to complete Part 2 of the Module 2
Assessment, Evidence-Based Project, Part 1: An Introduction to
Clinical Inquiry, and Part 2: Research Methodologies
Full citation of selected article
Article #1
Article #2
Article #3
Article #4
Al-Rabeei, N., Al-jaradi, A., Al-Wesaby, S., & Alrubaiee, G.

(2019). Nursing Practice for Prevention of Ventilator-
Associated Pneumonia in ICUs at Public Hospitals in Sana’a,
City-Yemen. Al-Razi University Journal of Medical Sciences,
3(2), 69–80.
Why you chose this article and/or how it relates to the clinical
issue of interest (include a brief explanation of the ethics of
research related to your clinical issue of interest)
I chose this article because it outlines common nursing
interventions to prevent ventilated-associated pneumonia in the
ICU. The clinical issue of interest is ventilated-associated
pneumonia (VAP) specifically the common and best
interventions used by nurses to prevent the infection. The ethics
related to the clinical issue is non-maleficence which requires
medical professionals to do no harm and ensure a patient’s
safety.
I chose this article because it describes the influence of the
nurse’s workload in complying and embracing common
practices that are designed to prevent ventilator-associated
pneumonia. The study is related to the clinical issue since
evidence-based guidelines do not guarantee compliance and
acceptance of VAP prevention interventions. Nurses frequently
fail to apply common practices due to inadequate training,
excessive workload, and lack of clinical outcomes. Nurses are
ethically required to select interventions that produce the best
outcomes and improve patient safety.
I selected this article because it outlines best practices used by
nurses to prevent VAP in the emergency department. All
hospitals have guidelines and instructions that guide nurses
during the prevention and treatment of VAP in different
healthcare settings. The guidelines are considered to be the best
practices since they facilitate decision-making and lead to the
best outcomes. The article is related to the clinical issue since it
evaluates the compliance of nurses to recommended

interventions and suggests ways to improve care. Nurses are
required to do no harm to patients and perform procedures that
increase the quality of care.
I selected the article because it describes common nursing
practices used in the ICU to prevent ventilator-associated
pneumonia. The nursing interventions outlined in the research
article are based on scientific knowledge and produce the best
outcomes. The article is related to the clinical issue since it
recognizes the role of nurses in preventing VAP and seeks to
assess the effectiveness of common prevention practices. Nurses
are vital in ensuring the highest standards of care in the ICU
especially during the prevention of common infections.
Brief description of the aims of the research of each peer -
reviewed article
The article aimed to investigate interventions used to prevent
ventilated-associated pneumonia in the ICU among nurses in
four Ankara university hospitals. The researchers sought to
understand common practices used in the ICU to prevent VAP.
The study described common primary practices embraced by
nurses to prevent VAP and the reasons for non-adherence to
recommended interventions.
The study aimed to find out the impact of the nurse's workload
on the prevention of VAP. The researchers also sought to
evaluate nursing knowledge on various non-pharmacological
measures used to prevent the infection. The study also describes
the nurse’s attitudes to compliance with non-pharmacological
measures. The impact of nurse’s workload was assessed in two
adult intensive care units.
The study aimed to evaluate the nurse's compliance to good
practices designed to prevent VAP in a university hospital.
Ventilated-associated pneumonia is frequently discovered in the
ICU but mostly begins in the emergency room during
intubation. The research study aimed to emphasize the
importance of adopting good practices at the beginning of pre-
hospital service and during the entire care process. The research
was conducted in a Sao-Paulo University Hospital.

The research study aimed to describe common nursing practices
used in Yemen public hospitals to prevent VAP. The researchers
also identified factors associated with reduced knowledge
among nurses and ineffective hospital practices. Public
hospitals were chosen since they provide primary, secondary,
and tertiary care to Yemen citizens. Prevention of VAP rewires
the highest standard of care and interventions based on
scientific evidence.
Brief description of the research methodology used Be sure to
identify if the methodology used was qualitative, quantitative,
or a mixed-methods approach. Be specific.
The article is a quantitative descriptive study. The researchers
incorporated questionnaires to collect data from 290 ICU
nurses. The questionnaires collected data on participant
characteristics and common interventions used by the nurses.
Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social
sciences (SPSS). After analysis, data was presented through
numbers and percentages describing common practices.
The researchers used a quantitative methodology to collect and
analyze data. The article is a cross-sectional observational
study. Observation and questionnaires were used to collect data.
Nurses working in the ICU completed a knowledge
questionnaire and compliance was assessed later through
observation. The data collection tools measured nursing
knowledge, overall workload, and compliance. Quantitative data
were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences.
Data was presented through tables and graphs.
The article is a cross-sectional analytical study. The researchers
adopted a quantitative approach during data collection and
analysis. Data collection methods included observation of good
practices used by nurses in the emergency room and patient
hospital records. The researchers observed practices such as
raising the patient’s head, reducing sedative infusion, and
maintaining oral hygiene. Hospital records were observed for
signs such as low white blood cells count, high temperature, and

worsening radiology. Data were presented using tables.
The article is a descriptive cross-sectional study. A quantitative
methodology was adopted by researchers to collect and analyze
data. Data was collected for three months through observation.
An observation checklist was used to carefully detect common
practices used by Yemen nurses. After collection, quantitative
data were analyzed using the statistical package for social
sciences. Data were presented using tables and pie charts.
A brief description of the strengths of each of the research
methodologies used, including reliability and validity of how
the methodology was applied in each of the peer-reviewed
articles you selected.
The descriptive study was quick and easy to conduct. It
provided an in-depth understanding of the clinical issue
specifically the diverse nursing interventions used to prevent
VAP in the ICU. However, the researchers do not describe ways
through which reliability and validity were increased throughout
the research process.
The strength of the cross-sectional observational research
methodology is it provided a multifaceted approach that gives a
broad view of the data. The study setting comprised of two
ICUs with huge workloads making observation an effective
method of data collection. Reliability and validity were
increased through familiarizing the participants with the
assessment and motivating respondents.
The strength of the cross-sectional analytical study is it was
cheap and easy to conduct. The data on all selected variables
was collected once thereby saving time. The methodology was
effective since the researchers measured the prevalence of the
factors that were identified during the literature review.
Reliability and validity were ensured through the measurement
of multiple outcomes of compliance to good practices.
The strength of the descriptive, cross-sectional study was the
unique description of nursing experiences in the ICU.
Observation is effective in describing individual experiences

because it removes academic barriers and allows the researcher
to observe ways through which other people experience events.
The validity of the research collection tools was ensured
through expert review. Reliability was guaranteed through the
Cronbach's Alpha tool.
General Notes/Comments
The results are biased and cannot be generalized since data were
obtained from specific settings in a hospital. The researchers
recommend that nurses should receive training and specific
protocols should be observed during the prevention of VAP.
Since nurses were aware they were being observed, they may
have changed their behaviors thereby altering the results. Non-
compliance and skepticism of the interventions are not related
to the level of knowledge or the nurse’s workload.
The best practices identified by the researchers include head
elevation and oral hygiene. The findings are limited since the
study was conducted in a single setting thereby the results
cannot be generalized to other study sites.
The study discovered that nurses have a poor perception of VAP
and limited knowledge of interventions to prevent the infection.
Nurses should be effectively trained to help them critically
assess the best and common practices to implement in the ICU
and hospital emergency settings.
Matrix Worksheet Template
© 2018 Laureate Education Inc.
2

Evidence based projectMSN, Walden UniversityNURS-6052CDr.

Evidence based projectMSN, Walden UniversityNURS-6052CDr.

Empfohlen

Empfohlen

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Ähnlich wie Evidence based projectMSN, Walden UniversityNURS-6052CDr.

Ähnlich wie Evidence based projectMSN, Walden UniversityNURS-6052CDr. (20)

Mehr von BetseyCalderon89

Mehr von BetseyCalderon89 (20)

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Evidence based projectMSN, Walden UniversityNURS-6052CDr.