1. Terms and Acronyms of CLD Students
Lesson 1- Module 2 Lecture
TESL 585 Methods and Materials of Teaching English to
Speakers of Other Languages
*Aligns with Chapter 1 in the course textbook :
Herrera, Socorro G., & Murry, Kevin G.
(2011). Mastering ESL and Bilingual Methods: Differentiated Instruction for Culturally
and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) Students. New York, NY: Pearson.
Instructor: Beth Crumpler
TESL 585 Methods and Materials of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages

2. Terms and Acronyms of CLD Students
Lesson 1- Module 2 Lecture
Other terms and acronyms used for CLD students:
• LEP (Limited English Proficient)
▫ This is a term coined by the federal government. LEP does
not describe the strengths of CLD students. It refers to a
person who is studying English as his or her second
language.
• LM or LMS (Language Minority Student)
▫ This tries to put a standard umbrella term over all CLD
student populations. However, schools, school
systems/districts and states have different CLD student
populations. And, CLD student populations in some of
these places are not the minority.
Instructor: Beth Crumpler
TESL 585 Methods and Materials of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages

3. Terms and Acronyms of CLD Students
Lesson 1- Module 2 Lecture
Other terms and acronyms used for CLD students:
• Mainstream
▫ This term refers to ‘typical’ students who are
from/have the traditional (or dominant) U.S. culture/
language. ‘Mainstream’ is not considered the ideal
term to use because it makes CLD students sound
inferior to traditional U.S. students which is not true.
• Grade-level Students
▫ This term is considered the ideal term to use when
addressing all student populations.
Instructor: Beth Crumpler
TESL 585 Methods and Materials of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages

4. Terms and Acronyms of CLD Students
Lesson 1- Module 2 Lecture
Other terms and acronyms used for CLD students:
• CLD (Culturally and Linguistically Diverse)
▫ This term refers to a person who is from a different
culture and speaks a different language compared to
the dominant group around him or her.
• BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills)
▫ This term refers to the language ability that is used in
causal and interpersonal conversations.
Instructor: Beth Crumpler
TESL 585 Methods and Materials of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages

5. Terms and Acronyms of CLD Students
Lesson 1- Module 2 Lecture
Other terms and acronyms used for CLD students:
• CALLA (Cognitive Academic Language Learning
Approach)
▫ This is an instructional method which is based on the
cognitive approach. It places emphasis on explicit
instruction and strategies, and acquisition of critical
thinking skills which help students acquire deeper
levels of language proficiency.
• CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency)
▫ This refers to the language ability that is needed in
academic learning which involves an abstract use of
language, and does not use contextual clues.
Instructor: Beth Crumpler
TESL 585 Methods and Materials of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages

6. Terms and Acronyms of CLD Students
Lesson 1- Module 2 Lecture
Other terms and acronyms used for CLD students:
• CUP- (Common Underlying Proficiency)
▫ This is a term used for the focus on the conceptual
knowledge that new skills are built on. In this, the L1
and L2 facilitate growth of the essential cognitive
patterns within people. Language biographies act as a
bridge between prior knowledge and new information.
• NEP (Non-English Proficient)
▫ This term refers to a student who is not proficient in
English.
Instructor: Beth Crumpler
TESL 585 Methods and Materials of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages

7. Terms and Acronyms of CLD Students
Lesson 1- Module 2 Lecture
Other terms and acronyms used for CLD students:
• ELD (English Language Development)
▫ This term is used in some states for the programming
model of English as a second language (ESL).
• ELL (English Language Learner)
▫ This term refers to a person who is in the process of
transitioning from only knowing his/her native
language to learning English as a new language
(second/third/fourth, etc.).
• FEP (Fluent Proficient)
▫ This term refers to a student who is proficient in
English.
Instructor: Beth Crumpler
TESL 585 Methods and Materials of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages

8. Terms and Acronyms of CLD Students
Lesson 1- Module 2 Lecture
Other terms and acronyms used for CLD students:
• ESL (English as a Second Language)
▫ This term refers to a program model for teaching
English to students who speak multiple native
languages. It focuses on using English for
communication and learning.
• ESOL (English for Speakers of Other Languages)
▫ This term refers to a method of learning English which
focuses on grammar and vocabulary instruction.
Instructor: Beth Crumpler
TESL 585 Methods and Materials of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages

9. Terms and Acronyms of CLD Students
Lesson 1- Module 2 Lecture
Other terms and acronyms used for CLD students:
• i+1 (Comprehensible input)
▫ This term is part of the input hypothesis by Steven
Krashen. It says that CLD students can learn best
when they receive learning information that is just one
step further than their current understanding.
 i= information
 +1 step beyond a student’s current comprehension
abilities
Instructor: Beth Crumpler
TESL 585 Methods and Materials of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages

10. Terms and Acronyms of CLD Students
Lesson 1- Module 2 Lecture
Other terms and acronyms used for CLD students a:
• L1 (First Language)
▫ This terms refers to the native language of a person.
• L2 (Second Language)
▫ This terms refers to the second language of a person.
• NEP (Non-English Proficient)
▫ This term refers to a student who does not speak,
read, or write English proficiently.
• ICB (Integrated Content-Based)
▫ This is a communication method which focuses on the
instruction of academic materials of a specific content
area along with learning a second language at the
same time.
Instructor: Beth Crumpler
TESL 585 Methods and Materials of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages