1. ECOSYSTE
M PRESENTED BY:
1. Berlian Nur
2. Lia Sari
3. Rahma Arianti / 1005015029
4. Rosyadi Akhyar
5. Siti Winarti

2. WHAT IS A POPULATION?
A population is one species living
in a specific area.
For example, all foxes living in an
area form a population.
Another example, all dandelions
growing in an area form another
population.

3. WHAT IS A COMMUNITY?
A community is formed from all living
populations found in an area.
All the foxes, dandelions,
grasshoppers, snakes, hawks, deer,
and skunks living in one area each
form their individual populations, but
together make up a community.

4. WHAT IS A
ECOSYSTEM?
An ecosystem is formed by
the interactions between all
living and non-living things.
Ecosystem composed of biotic
and abiotic components.

5. Biotic
Components
The living parts of an ecosystem.
They include animals, plants, fungus,
protists, and bacteria.

6. Abiotic
Components
The nonliving parts of an
ecosystem.
They include water, minerals,
sunlight, air, climate, and
soil.

7. TROPHIC LEVELS
 A trophic level is the position occupied by an
organism in a food chain.
 Trophic levels can be analyzed on an energy
pyramid.
 Producers are found at the base of the pyramid
and compromise the first trophic level.
 Primary consumers make up the second
trophic level.
 Secondary consumers make up the third
trophic level.
 Finally tertiary consumers make up the top
trophic level.

8. Trophic level: All the organisms that
are the same number of food-chain steps
from the primary source of energy
Modified from: General Ecology, by David T. Krome

9. TROPHIC LEVELS FOUND ON AN
ENERGY PYRAMID
 The greatest amount of energy is found at the
base of the pyramid.
 The least amount of energy is found at top of the
pyramid.
Source: corpuschristiisd.org/user_files/91702/Ecosystem.ppt

10. FOOD CHAINS
 The producers, consumers, and
decomposers of each ecosystem make
up a food chain.
 There are many food chains in an
ecosystem.
 Food chains show where energy is
transferred and not who eats who.

11. EXAMPLE OF A FOOD
CHAIN

12. FOOD WEBS
 All the food chains in an area make up the food web of the area.

13. What causes ecosystems to change?
Changes caused by humans:
1
Water pollution
2
Air pollution
3
Land pollution
4
Construction

14. 5. Illegal Logging

15. How can humans help to prevent
changes in ecosystems?
Use resources wisely
1
2
Laws that control pollution
3
Clean up litter
4
Keep rivers and lakes clean