1.
5.1. ORAL COMMUNICATION
Oral communication is the face to face
communication between individuals .
It may be in the form of direct talks
and conversation or the public address.
It also includes telephone calls or
talking on the intercom system.
It is the most effective when settling a
dispute among employees.

2.
Advantages of oral communication
It is direct, simple and time saving device of
communication
It is least expensive form of communication
It conveys personal relationship, friendliness
and develops a feeling of belongingness
It removes if there is any misunderstanding
between persons
It lays mutual understanding and confidence

3.
Disadvantages oral communication
There is formal record of the communication held
There is a possibility of distortions of message
especially if the oral message has to pass through a
long chain of command
Lengthy and distant communications cannot be
much effective
It may carry less weight being informal
The formal authority cannot be transmitted
effectively in oral transactions

4.
5.1.1. BUSINESS SPEECH
Making a speech is an essential tool that
promotes organizational/or institutional
images as well as individual prestige.
Speech is often made in business or social
situations with a view to informing,
advertising, persuading or entertaining a
limited audience.
To make a speech more effective, it should be
organized in essential parts, i.e. introduction,
body and conclusion to appeal to the interests
of the listeners.

5.
5.1.2. ACTIVE LISTENING
*Listening is a combination of what you hear,
what you understand, and what you
remember.
*It includes hearing or receiving oral stimuli
from the environment, connecting or
processing the stimuli into meaningful
message, and storing message from immediate
or delayed retrieval.

6.
5.1.3. TELEPHONING AND FACE TO FACE COMUNNICATION
*Telephoning: is one of the most frequently
performed activities in offices, and is, in fact,
one of the fastest means of communication in a
business environment.
* When we communicate with people by means
of office telephone, we represent the business
organization we are working for, however
insignificant our position may be.
*Thus, when we use the telephone either as a
caller or a receiver for business purposes

7.
5.1.4. INTERVIEW
*The word ‘interview’ is derived from the
word ‘intrigue’ meaning right between.
*Interview means any planned oral
conversation with a specific purpose involving
two or more people.
*It is a planned conversation with
predetermined purpose that involves the
asking and answering of question.

8.
5.1.5. MEETING
*A business meeting is a gathering where
purposive discourage occurs among three or
more people who exchange information on a
common topic or problem, for better
understanding or for solving a problem

9.
5.2. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
*Written communication occurs through a
variety of means such as business letters,
reports memos, instructions, rules and
regulations, policy manuals, information
bulletins, etc.
*Written communication ensures that everyone
concerned has the same information and it
provides a permanent record for future
reference

10.
Advantages of written communication
It serves as a permanent record for future reference
It reduces the possibility of misunderstanding and
misinterpretation
It is the easy method of providing detailed
information
It is reliable for transmitting lengthy statistical data
It informs formal authoritative action
It can be evaluated and checked for accuracy

11.
Disadvantages written communication
It may be more time consuming for lengthy reports
It is the part of red tap’s and bureaucratic system
of control
There is no guarantee that it will be received and
read by the person concerned.
It may be lost in transit or may reach in the hands
of irrelevant person concerned.
It does not provide opportunity for immediate
response

12.
Resume /Curriculum Vitae (CV)
A resume is a structured, written summary of a
person’s education, employment, background and
job qualifications.
It is a document containing supportive information
and is enclosed to the application letter.
It includes: personal data (name, age, sex,
nationality, date of birth, personal address),
educational background (name of elementary school,
high school, college/university), special training (if
any), work experience, hobbies and references.

13.
4.2.1 MEMORANDUMS (MEMO)
The memorandum is a kind of short/informal report,
and is a means of communication widely applied by
management for internal communication purpose.
A memorandum is purposely designed either to
communicate policies to low level authorities or rank,
on the other hand, and the present factual
information to top management or to assist in
decision making or problem solving, on the other.

14.
STAY
SAFE!