2. GLOBALIZATION
There are many ideas about exactly how to define
globalization.
It could be perhaps simply economic in the sense that
industrialization needs new consumers
Yet many maintain (rightfully so) that there has always been
globalization in one way or another
This term did not really start getting used until after 2000. It
did get some mentions here and there though.
It has been negatively implicated in relationships between
the developed and developing world
3. APPROACHES TO
GLOBALIZATION
Marx and Engels were among the first to
mention its process. Industrial capitalism
would need to open new markets of
consumers to further drive profits. As such,
it would reach all areas of the globe
Today, there are three approaches to
globalization:
Hyperglobalists- they see globalism as a
new phenomenon
Sceptics- maintain that globalization has
been around and it’s not new
Transformationalists- see this current wave
of globalization as something qualitatively
and quantitatively different from other
waves
Most researchers would agree that it is the
movement of people, goods, and ideas
across the world. However, in this case time
has been sped up dramatically. Think of
communication for example
4. TIME PERIODS OF
GLOBALIZATION
Global Imagination- up until the 18th century
Incipient Globalization- from 1850 to 1950
Full-scale Globalization- from the 1960s to present
One could look at this in terms of pre-industrialization,
industrialization, and post-industrialization and notice they are about
the same times
5. CONTEMPORARY
DEFINITION OF
GLOBALIZATION
• Extensive networks
• Extensive flows within networks
• Speedy, frequent, instantaneous global
interactions
• Social, economic, and political life all impacted
• All parts of the world effected to some extent
• Globality vs. Globalism
• Globality is the extent to which people are
conscious of living in the world as one place
• Globalism is global domination and neo-liberalism
(i.e. lowering trade barriers and regulations, etc.
6. CAUSES OF GLOBALIZATION
• There are four main factors:
• Rationalization- in other words, efficiency. It does not care about borders, nationality, race,
etc.
• Capitalism- It depends on consumerism. When a market is saturated, it is necessary to find
new markets
• Technology- Here is pertains to capitalism. Communication, production, transport, etc.
• Regulation- Rules for trade, etc. It is important that international bodies do this rather than
individual countries
7. THE
TRANSFORMATION
OF PAID WORK?
Maybe not. Taylor’s principals are
still being used even with Neo-
Fordism. This is true for both the
industrial and service economy
Not only has physical work been
outsourced, but mental work has as
well:
Software development
Radiological analysis
Legal translation
Tax preparation
Education
8. THE
TRANSFORMATION
OF UNPAID
DOMESTIC WORK?
Castells calls it the patriarchal family in crisis
Some families are headed by women
Many more (up to 40%) are not traditional
families at all and the idea of patriarchy is
avoided all together.
This might not be because of globalization,
but instead individualism
However, this has not been reflected in household work. If women
work less in the home, it is not being mitigated by men
Women are working in greater numbers. They are more than half
of university students and jobs are no longer dependent on
manual labor.
9. THE GLOBAL
NORTH
The global north is also referred to sometimes as the
‘West’. They are the developed countries
They benefit from globalization in a few ways:
They receive educated and highly skilled people to
help their businesses
They also receive people on the other end to work in
industries like agriculture
They have the rest of the world as their market to sell
items or as places to manufacture those products
On the other end, industrial jobs leave places like the
US and end up in Mexico or China. This leaves
economically depressed areas of the country (like the
Rust Belt)
10. THE GLOBAL SOUTH
There are those with a positive view of the effects of globalization on the south
• Globalization has lifted millions or even billions out of poverty
• Campaigning for better human rights in those countries can fore retailers to switch suppliers, thus making their situation worse
• Women in the global south are working for pay in greater numbers than ever before. They are involved not only in service but manufacturing as well
On the other side, globalization pushed multinational corporations (usually from the North) to find the place with the lowest pay, fewest
regulations, and best tax incentives.
This opens up opportunities for worker exploitation
11. THE GLOBAL SOUTH (CONTINUED)
• Export Processing Zones (EPZ, also called Free Trade Zones) have often even less
regulation.
• Women in EPZs are paid significantly less than men
• They are often forced from their villages by declining work into the cities and EPZs
• Globalization has created a flow of houseworkers into richer countries. They have
very few rights and extremely low pay
