1. +
ESS 3092: KINESIOLOGY
Week 11- Wednesday

2. +
Review
3

3. +
What is the most
common cause of sciatica?
4

4. +
Sciatica
Pain, tingling, or numbness produced by an
irritation of the nerve roots that lead to the sciatic
nerve
Causes
 The most common cause of sciatica is a bulging or
ruptured disc, pressing against the nerve roots
 It can also be a symptom of other conditions such as
stenosis, bone spurs, arthritis or nerve root compression
5

5. +
What are the two most powerful
external rotator of the hip?
6

6. +
External Rotators of the Hip
External rotators
 Piriformis
 Gemellus Superior
 Obturator Internus
 Gemellus Inferior
 Obturator Externus
 Quadratus Femoris
7

7. +
Piriformis
 Sciatic nerve passes inferiorly
 Tightness
 Origin
 Anterior surface of lateral
sacrum
Insertion
 Greater trochanter of femur,
along the upper medial surface
Actions
 Lateral rotation

8. +
Gemellus Superior
Origin
Ischial spine
Insertion
Medial aspect of greater
trochanter
Actions
External rotation

9. +
Obturator Internus
Origin
Ischiopubic ramus, obturator
membrane
Insertion
Medial aspect of greater
trochanter
Actions
Lateral rotation

10. +
Obturator Externus
Origin
Obturator membrane and the
adjacent surfaces of the pubic
body and pubic and ischial
rami
Insertion
Medial aspect of greater
trochanter
Actions
Lateral rotation

11. +
Quadratus Femoris
Origin
Lateral border of ischial
tuberocity
Insertion
Intertrochanteric crest
Actions
Lateral rotation

12. +
How would you strengthen the
external rotators of the hip?
13

13. +
Strength of ER 60% > IR
Challenge to condition
 Difficult to apply force to rotation
 Seated position, surgical tubing
 Stand on one leg- turn body away
Stretch
 Seated position, manual resistance
Strength & Conditioning
External rotators

14. +

15. +
Manual Stretch

16. 17

18. + Bony Landmarks- Femur
 Proximal end
 Head
 Femoral neck
 Greater trochanter
 Lesser trochanter
 Pectineal Line
 Shaft
 Linea aspera
 Distal end
 Medial & lateral condyles
 Patellar surface

19. +
Hip Joint Flexion/Extension- Muscles
 FLEXION
 Rectus femoris
 Iliacus
 Psoas major
 Sartorius
 Tensor fascia latae
 EXTENSION
 Semimembranous
 Semitendinous
 Biceps femoris
 Gluteus maximus

20. Gluteus Maximus
 Origin
 Posterior surface of the sacrum
and coccyx, posterior aspect of
the ilium
 Insertion
 Proximal end of the IT band
 Location
 Posterior/lateral
 Superficial
 Action
 Hip extension (powerful)
 External rotation
 Abduction (superior fibers)
21

22. Gluteus Medius
 Origin
 Lateral surface of the iliac
spine
 Insertion
 Lateral aspect of the greater
trochanter
 Location
 Lateral
 Action
 Hip abduction
 Internal rotation (weak)
23

23. Gluteus Minimus
 Origin
 Lateral surface of the ilium
 Insertion
 Superior and anterior aspect
of the greater trochanter
 Location
 Lateral
 Action
 Hip abduction
 Internal rotation (weak)
24

24. Tensor Fasciae Latae
 Origin
 Anterior aspect of the lateral
surface of the iliac crest and
ASIS
 Insertion
 IT band to the lateral tubercle of
the tibia
 Location
 Lateral
 Action
 Hip flexion
 Hip abduction
 Internal rotation (weak)
25

25. +
 Combo of gluteus max and TFL
 Crosses the knee (lateral femoral
condyle)
 Moves during flex & ext (knee)
 Palpate- above femoral lat condyle
Iliotibial Band

26. +
IT Band Syndrome
 Most common cause of lateral knee pain
 Recurrent friction
 Common in runners
 High mileage, track (turning one way constantly or on crowned
surfaces)
 Common symptoms
 Pain over the outside of the knee joint
 Swelling at the location of discomfort
 A snapping or popping sensation as the knee is bent
 92% patients w/ IT Band Syndrome improved by strengthening the
gluteus medius

27. +
Knee Joint Movements- Muscles
EXTENSION
 Rectus femoris
 Vastus medialis
 Vastus intermedius
 Vastus lateralis
FLEXION
 Biceps femoris
 Semitendinous
 Semimembranous
 Sartorius (*)
 Popliteus
 Gastrocnemius
 Gracilis
ROTATION
 Internal
 Semitendinous
 Semimembranous
 Popliteus
 Gracilis
 External
 Biceps femoris
 Sartorius

28. + 29

29. + Knee Extensors
 Generate power
 Strongest muscle groups
 3x stronger than antagonist
 Stabilize patella
 Reduce strain on MCL
 Assist PCL
 Posterior displacement
 Too much extension works against
the ACL

30. +
Quadriceps
Rectus Femoris
 Origin
 Anterior, inferior iliac
spine, ilium above the
acetabulum
 Insertion
 Patella, via patellar ligament
to tibial tuberosity
 Location
 Anterior
 Action
 Knee extension
 Hip flexion
31
Rectus
Femoris

31. Rectus Femoris
 The only biarticulate muscle of the extensors
(Crosses 2 joints)
 Contributes to knee extension best when hip
is extended or hyperextended
 Kicking
 Strengthened
 Knee extension (resistance)
 Flexibility
 Side-lying, full flexion while hip is extended

32. +
Quadriceps
Vastus Medialis
 Origin
 Medial lip of linea aspera;
lower part of intertrochanteric
line
 Insertion
 Patella, via quadriceps
aponeurosis and patellar
ligament to tibial tuberosity
 Location
 Anterior/medial
 Action
 Knee extension
33
Vastus
Medialis

33. +
Quadriceps
Vastus Lateralis
 Origin
 Greater throchanter and
lateral lip of linea aspera
 Insertion
 Patella, via patellar
ligament to tibial tuberosity
 Location
 Anterior/lateral
 Action
 Knee extension
34
Vastus
Lateralis

34. +
Quadriceps
Vastus Intermedius
 Origin
 Upper 2/3rds of the anterior and
lateral surface of the femoral
shaft
 Insertion
 Patella, via patellar ligament to
tibial tuberosity
 Location
 Anterior/ deep
 Action
 Knee extension
35
Vastus
intermedius

35. +
How do you stretch the knee
extensors?
36

36. +
Knee Joint Movements- Muscles
EXTENSION
 Rectus femoris
 Vastus medialis
 Vastus intermedius
 Vastus lateralis
FLEXION
 Biceps femoris
 Semitendinous
 Semimembranous
 Sartorius
 Popliteus
 Gastrocnemius
 Gracilis
ROTATION
 Internal
 Semitendinous
 Semimembranous
 Popliteus
 Gracilis
 Sartorius
 External
 Biceps femoris

37. +Knee Flexors
2 joint muscles
 Biceps femoris, semimem, semiten
Originate – ischial tuberosity
Rotate knee
 2 to the inside (semitend, semimemb)
 1 to the outside (biceps femoris)

38. +
Hamstrings
HDPE 26739
Musc
les
for
coac
hes
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus

39. +
Biceps Femoris
 Origin
 Long head- medial surface of the
ischial tuberosity
 Short head- lateral lip of the linea
aspera
 Insertion
 Fibular head, lateral colateral
ligament, lateral condyle of the tibia
 Location
 Posterior/ Lateral
 Action
 Hip extension (long head only)
 Knee flexion
 External rotation (w/ hip flexion)
40

40. +
Biceps Femoris
Two heads
Provides lateral support
Produces external rot (of lower leg)
Assists ACL to stabilize (prevents ant
displacement)
Strengthen
 Hamstring curls w/ ext rot of knee

41. +
Semitendinosus
 Origin
 Ischial tuberosity
 Insertion
 Medial surface of the
proximal tibia
 Location
 Posterior/ medial
 Action
 Knee flexion
 Hip flexion
 Internal rotation (w/ hip
flexion)
42
Semitendinosus

42. +
Semimembranosus
 Origin
 Ischial tuberosity
 Insertion
 Medial condyle of the tibia
 Location
 Posterior/ medial
 Action
 Hip extension
 Knee flexion
 Internal rotation
43
Semimembranosus

43. + Semimembranosus
Provides medial stability
Assists ACL to prevent anterior displacement
Internal rotation
Strengthen
 Leg curls, internal rotation of knee

44. + Sartorius
 Origin
 Anterior, superior iliac spine
 Insertion
 Promixal aspect of the medial surface
of the shaft of the tibia
 Location
 Anterior/ superficial
 Insertion on the lateral/posterior side
 Action
 Knee extension
 Hip flexion
 Hip external rotation
 Hip abduction

45. + Sartorius
 “Tailor’s Muscle”
 Longest muscle
 2 joints:
 Knee (Flexion- comes around behind the
knee)
 Hip (Flexion, abduction, external rotation)
 Weak during knee & hip flexion
 Sitting and crossing knees
 Knees extended
 Effective hip flexor

46. +
How do you stretch the knee
flexors?
47

47. Movement Analysis:
Anterior Pelvic Tilt/Posterior Pelvic Tilt
Plane
Axis
Action
Agonist
Antagonist
48
PHASE
1
2