1. Haynes “5S” Model
An EBP model for information
resources and retrieval
Haynes, R. B. (2007, January). Of studies, syntheses, synopses, summaries,
and systems: the 5S evolution of information services for evidence-based
healthcare decisions. Evidence-Based Nursing, 10(1), 6-7.
http://www.valpo.edu/library/user/Haynes5S.ppt

2. The Haynes 5S Model
Proposed by Dr. Brian Haynes of McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario,
Canada.
Intent is to provide directed support in the search for EBP resources.
The model represents the amount of resources available in different areas, the
most numerous and easily accessible being those single-topic studies found
at the base of the pyramid.
The further up the pyramid one goes, the number of resources lessens as does
the free/open accessibility to them.
The suggestions for “Where to find” the resources are just that and are
intended to serve as good starting points. This guide was created to assist
the nursing students of Valparaiso University.
Prof. Trisha Mileham, 08/07

3. The Haynes 5S Model
Systems
Summaries
Synopses
Syntheses
Single Studies

4. 5S Model: Single Studies
• The original journal
articles that present the
Systems entire report of one
study on one aspect or
Summaries
management of a
Synopses health problem.
• Clinical trials that are
Syntheses very focused also offer
this type of information.
Single Studies

5. 5S Model: Single Studies
Where to search:
– CINAHL database
Systems – PubMed database
– Cochrane Central
Summaries Register of Controlled
Trials (part of The Cochrane
Synopses Library)
– Clinical Trials.gov web
Syntheses site
Single Studies

6. 5S Model: Syntheses
• Usually called
“systematic reviews”
Systems in the research
literature
Summaries
• Some databases
Synopses allow you to limit
search results by
Syntheses using that term in the
search strategy.
Single Studies

7. 5S Model: Syntheses
• Where to search:
– Cochrane Database of
Systems Systematic Reviews
(part of The Cochrane Library;
aka: CDSR; Cochrane Reviews)
Summaries
– PubMed database
Synopses – The Joanna Briggs
Institute/JBI Connect
Syntheses
Single Studies

8. 5S Model: Synopses
• Very brief descriptions
of original articles and
Systems reviews
• Often read as if they
Summaries
are a lit review for the
Synopses topic
• Often found termed as
Syntheses “meta- analysis”
Single Studies

9. 5S Model: Synopses
• Where to search:
– Evidence-based journals,
such as Evidence-Based
Systems
Nursing and Evidence-
Based Medicine
Summaries – Database of Abstracts of
Reviews of Effects
Synopses (part of The Cochrane Library; aka:
DARE)
– ACP Journal Club web site
– CINAHL database
Syntheses
– PubMed database
Single Studies

10. 5S Model: Summaries
Summaries integrate the
best available evidence to
provide full range of
Systems
evidence addressing all
management options for
Summaries
a given health problem,
Synopses not just one aspect of the
problem (as found in
single-study resources
Syntheses that make up the lower
three categories in the 5S
Single Studies Model).

11. 5S Model: Summaries
• Where to search:
– Evidence-based
Systems textbooks, journals,
web sites
Summaries – Clinical Evidence
www.clinicalevidence.com/ceweb/index.jsp
Synopses – CINAHL database
– PubMed database
Syntheses – Joanna Briggs/JBI
Connect
Single Studies

12. 5S Model: Systems
Systems are very
detailed, often
Systems patient-specific,
linking the patient’s
Summaries
conditions to current
Synopses best practices.
Syntheses
Single Studies

13. 5S Model: Systems
Currently not very
common outside of
Systems specialty clinics
and/or highly
Summaries
automated
Synopses departments.
Syntheses
Single Studies