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- 1. ON THE ROAD TO PARIS: CHINA, CLIMATE AND THE ENVIRONMENT BARBARA A. FINAMORE SENIOR ATTORNEY AND ASIA DIRECTOR BRIEFING FOR WESLEYAN COLLEGE OF EAST ASIAN STUDIES NOVEMBER 11, 2015
- 2. CHINA, CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENT Why China is Key to Climate Protection What are the Causes and Drivers? China’s Climate Commitments and Actions Are They Enough? Monitoring, Reporting and Transparency
- 3. China CO2 Emissions: the Global Hockey Stick
- 4. Growth in China’s CO2 Emissions
- 5. Causes: Heavy Industry and Rapid Urbanization Source: Washington Post
- 6. The Main Culprit: China’s Coal Consumption
- 7. cAir Pollution and Climate Impacts Driving Action Airpocalypse Desertification and Water Crisis Under the Dome Declining Food Production
- 8. US-China Nov 2014 Joint Climate Announcement nc on Climate Change Gamechanger • China will cap its carbon pollution by 2030 – earlier if possible – and increase the share of non-fossil fuel in its primary energy mix to 20% by the same year
- 9. China’s Official 2030 Climate Commitments • Peak CO2 Emissions around 2030 or earlier • Low Carbon Intensity by 60-65% Below 2005 Levels • Increase Share of Non-Fossil Fuels to 20% of Primary Energy Consumption • Increase Forest Stock Volume by 4.5 billion cubic meters above 2005 levels
- 10. China’s September 2015 Climate Commitments • Launch a National Cap and Trade Program by 2017 • Develop Priority Dispatch Policy for Renewable Power • Control and Phase Down HFC Emissions • Scale Up Green Buildings • Clean Up Transportation
- 11. Significant • China’s coal consumption was essentially flat in 2014 • First 4 months of 2015, coal use dropped 8 % year on year and CO2 emissions dropped 5% Good News: China’s Coal Use and CO2 Emissions Dropping
- 12. • X • Y • Z Source: Inside Climate News Major Challenge: Planned Coal Bases in Western China
- 13. Coal Consumption Cap and Energy Transition International Workshop in Beijing, November 17 and 18 CoalCap2020 • In November 2014 China’s State Council announced a new energy strategy action plan that includes a cap on national coal consumption by 2020 • The energy action plan calls for capping annual coal consumption by 2020 at 4.2 billion tons and also reducing coal’s share of China’s primary energy mix to less than 62% by that year NRDC’s China Coal Cap Project
- 14. China Leads World in Renewable Energy Investment GlobalLeader • China leads the world with energy investment with $89.5bn, nearly 3/4 going into wind and solar. • The U.S. invested the second-most with $51.8bn.
- 15. • China’s installed wind power capacity reached 101 GW in March, ahead of 2015 target • 84 percent is grid connected • By comparison, all EU countries together have 90 GW of installed wind power • China’s 2020 target – 250 GW of wind China: World’s Largest Producer of Wind Power
- 16. China to Become World Leader in Solar PV Capacity • China installed 5 GW of solar capacity in the first quar ter of 2015 – almost equal to France’s entire supply of solar power • China’s installed capacity now 33 GW, one-third of its 2020 target of 150 GW • China raised its 2015 target to 17.5 GW • China on track to overtake Germany as world leader i n installed solar PV capacity
- 17. China’s High Penetration Renewable Energy Study Source: China National Renewable Energy Center
- 18. Projections for China’s Annual Carbon Emissions
- 20. Monitoring, Reporting and Verification • China is Improving its GHG Monitoring Capability • China Supports Stronger International CO2 Monitoring and Reporting
- 21. SHIPPING • One of the major polluters in the country • Account for 66% of Shenzhen’s sulfur dioxide emissions • Major Chinese ports are offering cash subsidies for green shipping NRDC Addressing Shipping and Ports Emissions
- 22. 谢谢! BARBARA A. FINAMORE NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL T 202.289.6868 BFINAMORE@NRDC.ORG @BFINAMORE NRDC.ORG
Hinweis der Redaktion
- China is the leading contributor to global climate change – it is responsible for about 30% of global CO2 emissions annually, more than the U.S. and the EU combined. China’s cumulative CO2 emissions (1990-2016) will surpass the US in 2016.
- China has been responsible for 60% of the growth in global GHG emissions in the last decade.
- By 2030, China’s cities will have added 350 million people – more than the entire population of the United States.
- Coal, the leading culprit, is responsible for nearly 80% of China’s CO2 emissions. China has been burning more coal each year than the rest of the world combined. Putting a lid on coal is the single most important step China can take to reduce its CO2 emissions.
- A top Chinese meterologist: But in a speech on March 23, a top meteorologist warned of the severe risks facing China, including droughts, floods, falling crop yields, vanishing water supplies, illness and a “serious threat” to critical infrastructure projects such as the Three Gorges Dam. The average surface temperature in China has been going up by 0.4F (0.23C) every decade since halfway through the last century, twice as fast the global average, said Zheng Guoguang, director of China’s meteorological administration in Beijing. Meanwhile, losses due to weather disasters since 2000 have amounted to 1 percent of gross domestic product, 8 times as high as the rest of the world. "As the world warms, risks of climate change and climate disasters to China could become more grave," Zheng said. China’s National Climate Change Action Plan China’s Third National Assessment on Climate Change
- Announcement builds momentum for ambitious global deal and even stronger, expanded bilateral cooperation. To meet the non-fossil energy and gas targets, China will need to add almost as much renewable energy, nuclear and gas-fired generation every year until 2020 as it did in 2014. The energy efficiency gains will likewise continue.
- If this trend continues into the end of this year, it will be the largest recorded year-over-year reduction in coal use and CO2 emissions in any country
- NRDC’s signature project in China is championing a binding national cap on coal consumption. We are working with over 20 leading Chinese think tanks on a comprehensive roadmap designed to help China peak its coal consumption by 2020. We are also working to boost energy efficiency and clean energy and strengthen environmental enforcement, all key elements in reducing China’s CO2 emissions
- On 16 March, just a few days after the 10-day annual National People’s Congress concluded in Beijing, China’s top energy regulator, the National Energy Administration (NEA), released the official solar PV installation target for 2015 of 17.8GW, thus replacing a 15GW target communicated via a draft circular earlier in late January. The 17.8GW is not only 20% higher than the tentative target of 15GW, but also 27% higher than the 2014 target of 14GW. This rather aggressive target of 17.8GW demonstrates the regulator’s determination to deploy solar power across the country. Its aggressiveness appear not to derive from the expectation that the 35GW target set in the current 12thFive-Year-Plan for Solar Development (2011-2015) will be missed in its final year, because according to NEA’s statistics, by the end of 2014 China’s total installed PV power generation capacity amounted to 28.05GW, so just 7GW shy of what as a minimum is expected under the plan. Assuming the 17.8GW will indeed be realised, by the end of 2015 China would then be home to 45GW of installed PV capacity thereby not only exceeding its 35GW target by a good 30%, but as well overtaking Germany’s pole position in terms of installed capacity, which at the end of 2014 amounted to approximately 37.6GW, thus becoming the country with the world’s largest installed solar PV power generation capacity.
- China’s solar installations in the first quarter were almost equal to France’s entire supply of power from the sun. China connected 5.04 gigawatts of solar capacity to grids in the three months ended March 31, the National Energy Administration said in a statement on Monday. The Asian nation now has a total 33 gigawatts of solar-power supply.
- China could get 85% of its electricity and 60% of total energy from renewables by 2050, according to government agencies. A rapid rollout of wind, solar and bioenergy is technologically and economically feasible, a report led by the China National Renewable Energy Centre claims. In a “high renewable” scenario, the country’s coal use would peak in 2020 and its greenhouse gas emissions by 2025 – five years ahead of target. - See more at: http://www.rtcc.org/2015/04/22/chinas-electricity-could-go-85-renewable-by-2050-study/#sthash.nG3M8pCS.dpuf
- Countries rejected the opportunity to place a global emissions reduction target on the shipping industry at a meeting of the International Maritime Organisation in London this week.