Hutchens Look Forward Look Back Digitization LAM
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This presentation was provided by Chad Hutchens of the University of Wyoming during the NISO virtual conference, Images: Digitization & Preservation of Special Collections in Libraries, Museums and Archives, held on Wednesday, June 14, 2017.
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Hutchens Look Forward Look Back Digitization LAM
- 1. A look forward and a look back at digitization in Libraries, Archives, & Museums Chad Hutchens, Head of Digital Collections UW Libraries | @hutch_chad
- 2. In the Year 2000… • 2000: IBM “DiskOnKey” (8MB) ~$50 • 2001: iPod released (5GB) ~$400 • AOL CD’s in the mail (lots of them!) • Zip drives are still a viable storage medium • Avg HDD’s cost nearly $400 (40GB capacity) • Version 1 of DSpace released in November of 2002
- 3. Early Digitization Best Practices • 1998: Colorado Digitization Project (CDP) • 2001: CDP receives IMLS grant • 2003: CDP publishes version 1 of “Western States Digital Imaging Best Practices” • 2008: CDP publishes Version 2 • Reports now available via Lyrasis
- 4. 2D Digitization & Preservation • Early, widespread agreement on file formats and techniques • Non-proprietary file formats • Uncompressed tifs for image masters • File naming conventions • Capture of technical metadata • Early storage and file media migration strategies (ex. CD-ROM and DVD’s vs. modern storage) • Focus on 2D objects (maps, photos, film, text, graphics) Map of Laramie, WY, 1920. http://hdl.handle.net/10176/wyu:138609
- 5. Did Early Preservation Practices Work? • Case Study: Western Trails • Part of the CDP, early 2000’s • 4 western states (NE, KS, CO, WY) and multiple institutions • Various states of persistence • UWYO is rebuilding this collection now • Migration problems, but original content, masters, and metadata all still preserved on network storage • http://hdl.handle.net/10176/wyu:3324 Oregon Trail Ruts near Guernsey, WY http://hdl.handle.net/10176/wyu:4818
- 6. Digitization and Preservation of 3D Objects • New Collaborative Opportunities • Small museums and other cultural heritage organizations • Art, biodiversity collections, herbaria, paleontological specimens, archaeological collections, etc. • Lack of staff, funding, equipment, and expertise • Unfortunately, there are very few agreed upon best practices Merycodus Frucatus (Ancient Antelope) hdl.handle.net/10176/wyu:314332
- 7. University of Wyoming Geological Museum Fossil Vertebrate Collection Large Medium Small 40,000 specimens - 2,600 Localities - 6,000 species represented
- 8. Fossil Specimen Research Uses • Species morphology and evolution • Diet ---> Flora (ties to paleobotany) • Climate • Extinction studies (K-PG, 3rd largest documented mass extinction)
- 9. Paleo Digitization Goals • Learn new imaging technologies • Outreach to K-12 • Curriculum and OER’s • Generate interest in paleontology • Engagement with 3D modelling/printing • Digital preservation of fossil specimens • Remote access to hidden collections • Research-oriented digital veracity • Use 3D prints from paleo teaching collection into UW courses
- 10. Specimen Digitization Equipment David SLS-2 Keyence VHX-600
- 11. David SLS-2 Scanner Moderate Resolution (best 50 microns) Price: ~$4500
- 12. David SLS-2 Scanner in Action
- 13. 3D Models in Islandora All models available in UW Digital Islandora Repository at: http://hdl.handle.net/10176/wyu:167616 Zip Archive Download UW Specimen Number & Species Animated GIF
- 14. Keyence Digital Microscope Fine Resolution: 100um - 5 cm Price: ~$100K
- 15. Keyence Tiling and Focal Stacking
- 16. Keyence 3D modelling Elevation Map Focal stacked/tiled image
- 18. Lack of 3D Preservation Standards • 3D files: stl, obj, ply, dae, etc? • How many scans around 1 axis? • At what resolution? • Water-tight model or not? • Importance of mesh vs. texture (i.e. color information)? • Focal image stacks: individual images, tiles, stacked image? • Which aspects of an object are most important? • How to derive 3D models: photogrammetry, SLS, probe, laser? • Technical metadata?
- 19. Other 3D Digitization Efforts of Note • Smithsonian X3D https://3d.si.edu • Idaho Virtualization Lab http://imnh.isu.edu/home/idaho- virtualization-laboratory/
- 20. Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) • Pioneered by HP Labs in 2001 • Low equipment cost, but time consuming • Captures a surface’s shape/color by imaging an object multiple times with different light angles • Creates a PTM file (polynomial texture map) out of numerous images (similar in concept to a focal stack of images at different focal depths) http://www.labs.hp.com/research/ptm/
- 21. Broad Applications • Can be used on textual materials, rock art, numismatics, sculpture, inscriptions, paintings…anything with texture! • Enables new research • Digitally preserves surface details not detectable by the human eye or with conventional photography http://culturalheritageimaging.org/Technologies/RTI/index.html
- 22. What do you need to get into RTI? • Just about any decent digital camera • Tripod or camera stand • A good lighting source • String • Two reflective spheres • Two people (unless you have an RTI dome) • RTIBuilder (free) • RTI Viewer (free) • Visit CHI’s Website & Forums for support http://culturalheritageimaging.org/Technologies/RTI/
- 23. RTI Research Example from UW • Paleobotany grad student looking for signs of insect predation in fossils • Our second foray into RTI • Took us about 45 minutes to capture with 2 people, a Canon EOS 5D Mark II & tripod • 36 total images • Download this PTM (79mb zipped, you’ll need the RTI Viewer to open it)
- 24. RTI Close-ups
- 25. RTI and Photogrammetry Resources • Photogrammetry is a related digital imaging & 3D modelling technique • Matthews, N.A. BLM Technical Note 428 https://www.blm.gov/nstc/library/pdf/TN42 8.pdf • Cultural Heritage Imaging http://culturalheritageimaging.org/ • Smithsonian MCI Imaging Studio https://www.si.edu/mciimagingstudio
- 26. Why do these technologies matter? • Libraries have a history of collaborating with museums and archives • Remaining relevant in the 21st century means that we need to do more than just 2D imaging • Expand our own horizons…and work with some really cool stuff! • They need us, and we need them!
- 27. Challenges in preservation and access • What should we preserve? • Are we doing it correctly? • What file formats are going to stand the test of time in 3D modelling? • How do we deliver these files on the web? On handheld devices? • These are great questions to ask when embarking upon a collaborative project!
- 28. DPLA: The perfect collaborative • If you live in a state/region with a DPLA hub, it’s the perfect way to collaborate with CHO’s and museums • In Wyoming and Colorado, we’re working on the Plains to Peaks Collaborative (a new DPLA hub) • UW Libraries and the AHC are hosting an event for all museums and other CHO’s in Wyoming https://dp.la
- 29. Thank you! chutchen@uwyo.edu | @hutch_chad | https://uwdigital.uwyo.edu