2. PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION HAS ITS ROOTS IN
MAINTENANCE &RESTORATION OF FUNCTION AS WELL AS
PREVENTION OF DYSFUNCTION
FORMULATION OF INDIVUALIZIED TREATMENT PLANS TO
MAXIMIZE PATIENT FUNCTION BY UTILIZING EDUCATION
OBJECTIVES
pain relief
increased range of motion (ROM)
increased strength and endurance
prevention and correction of deformities
educational services
9. HIP
PROTRUSIO ACETABULUM
Inward bulging of the acetabulum into the pelvic
cavity.
Occurs in about 50% of patients with RA
Symmetric involvement
10. KNEE
1.FLEXION CONTRACTURE
Due to loss of full knee extension
2.QUADRICEPS ATROPHY
Leads to increased amount of force though the patella
3.BAKER’S CYST
Increased intra-articular pressure in the knee joint causes the
synovial fluid to drip into the popliteal space
11. 1. HAMMER TOE
Hyperextension of the MTP and DIP joints with flexion
of the PIP joint
2. CLAW TOE
Hyperextension at the MTP joint and flexion of the PIP
and DIP joints
3. HALLUX VALGUS
Lateral deviation of the toes
12. Disease and co-morbidities
Body Function and structure
Activities-Execution of a task or action
Participation-Involvement in life situations
Environmental factors-External features of the physical, social
& attitudinal world
Personal factors
14. Goals of exercise
Preserve or improve ROM
Increase strength of selected muscles
Improve endurance
Improve co-ordination
Improve function
Relax tense muscles
Improve posture
Increase bone density
Increase aerobic capacity
15. Key muscles to be strengthened
Foot Intrinsics,
Quadriceps,
Finger&Wrist extensors
Key muscles to be stretched
Toe extensors,
Peroneus,
Gastrocnemius,
Hamstrings,
Hip flexors,
IllioTibial band
Hand Intriniscs
16. Superficial moist heat
Subacute or chronic stages
Increases range of motion &tendon extensibility
Decreases pain
Should not be used in acutely inflamed joints, impaired
sensation & malignancy
Increases collagenase enzyme activity
Heat penetration to depth of 1 cm
Other superficial heating/modalities:
Paraffin,
Fluidotherapy,cryotherapy-Acute
inflammation
17. A low potential electric
stimulus is transported in the
skin in a periodical or
continuous manner after the
activation of the appliance,
which can be sustained in the
patient’s belt and functions
with batteries.
The patient can activate and
regulate the intensity of the
stimuli depending on his
needs.
18. Effective in reducing pain and morning stiffness.
No known side effects.
19. Decrease pain and inflammation
Reduce weight through joint
Decrease joint motion—stabilization
Joint rest
Splinting of the wrist in RA will most likely help decrease
pain and inflammation
26. Forefoot
Widening of extra-depth foot
wear,soft-lined, custom molded
orthosis with MTP relief
MidFoot
Crepe bandage or conventional heel-
shoe combination with a shank
support system
Hind foot
Footwear with a firm heel counter,
custom orthosis with full medial
column support.