4. There are three main sources to carry out FGI through
nucleophilic substitutions: sulfonates, alcohols, and alkyl
halides.
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5. A wide array of structures can be synthesized from sulfonates and alkyl halides through
nucleophilic substitution of X = OSO2R, I, Br, Cl in C–C bond forming reactions and FGI
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6. ALCOHOLS INTO ALKYL HALIDE
Tertiary alcohols react reasonably rapidly with concentrated hydrochloric acid, but
for primary or secondary alcohols the reaction rates are too slow reaction.
Other reagents for
alcohol conversions
PCl5
PBr3/ether
PI3
SOCl2/pyridine
PCl3
Ph3P, CCl4
For secondary and primary conversions
Other reagents for
R-X conversions
Aqueous KOH
H2O
NaOH , HIGH TEMP
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8. SULFONATE SYNTHESIS Using DMS and DES
is operationally
simple and scalable.
These two methods
are advantages bcz of
low cost, and
tolerated a wide
range.
sulfonate esters are
very good leaving
groups
(Finkelstein Reaction).
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9. OVERVIEW
• So if we know to synthesis and interconvert alcohol, alkyl halide and
sulfates we easily prepare our desired nucleophilic product in the
presence of specific nucleophilic reagents.
• From these three different reactions proceed.
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