clinical and chemical waste

1. TOPIC 3
DISPOSAL OF CLINICAL
AND CHEMICAL WASTE

2. LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of this lecture, students should be able to:
•State the definition of hazardous waste, schedule waste, clinical waste and chemical waste.
•Describe the different classification of clinical waste.
•Explain the clinical and chemical waste management.

3. HAZARDOUS WASTE: Waste with properties that
make it dangerous or potentially harmful to human
health or environment
SCHEDULED WASTE: Any waste falling within the
categories of waste listed in the First Schedule

4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
MAIN
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT
WATER
POLLUTION
AIR
POLLUTION
LAND
POLLUTION

5. CLINICAL
WASTE

6. DEFINITION OF CLINICAL WASTE
Based on Ministry of Health (MOH), clinical waste are
1. any waste that consist wholly or partly of human or animal tissue,
blood or other body fluids, excretion, drugs or other pharmaceutical
products, swabs, or dressings, syringes, needles or other sharp
instruments, being waste unless rendered safe may prove hazardous to
any person coming into contact with it.
2. any other waste rising from medical, nursing, dental, veterinary,
pharmaceutical or similar practices, investigation, treatment, care,
teaching or research or the collection of blood for transfusion, being
waste which may cause infection to any person coming into contact
with it.

7. CLASSIFICATION OF
CLINICAL WASTE

8. CATEGORY A
i. Body fluids
ii. Blood
iii. Excretions
iv. Soiled surgical
v. Dressing
vi. Swabs
vii. Material from infectious disease
Waste management guidance:
Special requirement on the management in order to prevent infections.
These categories must always be incinerated completely in an appropriate incinerator.

9. CATEGORY B
i. Discarded syringe
ii. Needles
iii. Broken glass
iv. Other contaminated disposable sharp instruments
Waste management guidance
Collected and managed separately from other waste.
The collection container; must be puncture resistant and leak tight.
This category of waste has to be disposed/ destroyed completely as to
prevent potential risk of injury / infection

10. CATEGORY C
i. Laboratory or post-mortem room
waste
Waste management guidance
Special requirement on the
management from the view point of
infection prevention.
This category of waste must always
be incinerated completely in an
appropriate incinerator.

11. CATEGORY D
i. Pharmaceutical and cytotoxic pharmaceutical wastes
Waste management guidance
i. Class I - pharmaceuticals such as camomile tea, cough syrup, and the like which pose no
hazard during collection, intermediate storage and waste management: managed jointly
with municipal wastes.
ii. Class II - pharmaceuticals which pose a potential hazard when used improperly by
unauthorized persons: managed in an appropriate waste disposal facility.
iii. Class III - Heavy metal- containing unidentifiable pharmaceuticals: managed in an
appropriate waste disposal facility.
Intermediate storage of these wastes takes place under controlled and locked conditions. For
reasons of occupational safety, cytotoxic pharmaceutical wastes must be collected separately
from pharmaceutical waste and disposed of in a hazardous waste incineration plant.

12. CATEGORY E
i. Used disposable bed-pan inners
ii. Urine containers
iii. Incontinence pads
iv. Stoma bags
Waste management guidance
Disposed of in a hazardous waste incineration plant licensed
by the Department of Environment.

13. CLINICAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT IN
MALAYSIA

14. CLINICAL WASTE MANAGEMTN IN
MALAYSIA
To minimize the potential hazard on public health and
environmental contamination, MOH has developed a guideline and
standard procedure for clinical waste management.
The steps include:
1. Segregation
2. Labelling and marking
3. Collection and storage, internal transportation to central storage
4. Transportation to approved facility
5. Documentation,
6. Treatment,
7. Final disposal form are basic requirements in environmental
management practices to

15. 1. Segregation
Following standard colour coding:
Colour coding
(container/plastic)
Types of waste
Black General waste
Yellow Clinical wastes for incineration only
Light blue Wastes for autoclaving or equivalent
treatment before ultimate disposal

17. Waste segregation: Dos and Don’ts
Clinical waste correctly segregated from general waste
ONLY clinical waste deposited in yellow bag
ONLY SHARPS (waste Category B) in sharps container
Seal the bag when ¾ FULL using cable ties
Never seal bags by stapling
Sharp container are firmly pressed prior to disposal
Don’t force needle/syringes into sharp container
If clinical waste and domestic waste are mixed, it should be treated as
clinical waste.

18. 2. Labelling and marking
All bags and drum containers should be
permanently and clearly marked with
biohazard symbol.
Appropriate label as shown should be
pasted onto the container

20. 3. Handling, storage and internal
transportation
All clinical waste bags should be handled by the neck only.
Specific areas for the initial storage of clinical wastes, in the wards and departments
shall be made available and located adjacent to the source of the waste.
Syringes with attached needles shall be discarded into sharps containers as one unit.
Internal transport routes (from wards / departments to central storage area) shall be
designed to minimize the passage of waste through patient care areas and other clean
areas.
Dedicated wheeled containers, trolleys or carts shall be used to transport the waste
containers to the main storage area.

21. 4. Central storage
The central storage area must be:-
i. Located separately from the general waste storage areas and should
be clearly identifiable (with clear warning signs) as for clinical wastes
only and away from food preparation, public access and exit route.
Landfill and incinerable wastes should not be mixed;
ii. Locked when access is not required and should b e accessible only to
authorized persons;
iii. Well ventilated and well lit;
iv. Located on well drained, impervious hard-standing.

22. CLINICAL WASTE DISPOSAL
Landfill
Autoclave (steam treatment)
Irradiation
Microwave treatment
Chemical disinfection
Incineration

23. CHEMICAL
WASTE

24. CHEMICAL WASTE
A chemical waste is any solid, liquid, or gaseous waste material
that, if improperly managed or disposed of, may pose substantial
hazards to human health and the environment.
What is considered waste?
•Old chemicals no longer used
•Expired chemicals
•Chemicals with illegal labels-chemical can not be determined
•Chemical with no label any chemical product from completed
experiments

25. DISPOSAL OF CHEMICAL WASTE
Hazardous chemicals must never be poured down the drain as a
method of disposal
Separate incompatible chemicals, or those that could react
dangerously
To have hazardous waste removed from laboratory, do the following:
1.Store chemical wastes in appropriate containers; plastic bottles are
preferred over glass for storing hazardous waste when compatibility is
not an issue. Segregate chemical waste by compatibility, and not
alphabetically.

26. DISPOSAL OF CHEMICAL WASTE
2. Chemical waste containers must be labeled with the following
information:
1. Full chemical name and quantity of the waste. For mixtures, each chemical
must be listed. Abbreviations, acronyms and ditto marks ("") to replace words
are not allowed, as this does not comply with The Hazard Communication
Standard;
2.Name of the person responsible for the waste and contact details
3.Date of waste generation;
4.Bottle number assigned on corresponding waste sheet; and
5.The tag or label must have the words: "Hazardous Waste.“
6.The hazards associated with the waste; corrosive, carcinogen, flammable,
irritant, oxidizer, toxic, or other list.

28. Labelling Requirement for Scheduled Wastes
3rd SCHEDULE
WARNING
LABELS
Label 1:
EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCES
(WASTE)
Symbol(Exploding Bomb); Black;
Background: light orange.
Label 2:
INFLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
(WASTE)
Symbol(Flame): Black or white;
Background: red .
Label 3:
INFLAMMABLE SOLIDS
(WASTE)
Symbol (Flame): Black;
Background: white with vertical red stripes
Label 4:
SOLID: SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTIBLE
(WASTE)
Symbol(Flame): Black;
Background: Upper half white; lower half red
Label 5:
SOLID DANGEROUS WHEN WET
(WASTE)
Substances, which in contact with water, emit in
flammable gases
Symbol(Flame):Black or white;
Background: Blue
Label 6:
OXIDIZING SUBSTANCES
(WASTE)
Symbol(Flame over Circle):Black;
Background: Yellow

29. Label 7:
ORGANIC PEROXIDES
(WASTE)
Symbol(Flame Over the Circle): Black;
Background: Yellow
Label 8:
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
(WASTE)
Poisonous(toxic) substances
Symbol(Skull and crossbones):Black;
Background:White
Label 9:
INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES
(WASTE)
Symbol(Three Crescents Superimposed on a
circle): Black;
Background: White
Label 10:
CORROSIVE SUBSTANCES
(WASTE)
Symbol(Liquids,spilling from two glass vessels
and attacking a hand and a metal bar):Black;
Background:Upper half white; lower half black
Label 11
MIXTURE OF MISCELLANEOUS
DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES
(WASTE)
Symbol (nil); Background: white with
upper half vertical black stripes

30. Waste Container
Waste container must be:
√In good condition; no rust, corrosion, leaking, or containers with
residue
√Compatible with the waste being store
√Kept close at all times except when filling
√Labelled with a waste label.
√Waste must always remain in the lab
√Never store waste in public area

33.  By licensed contractor only
 Licensed by DOE
 2 types of license:
1. Transporter license
2.Prescribed premise
license
 Validity of license: 1 year
DISPOSAL, TREATMET & RECOVERY OF
SCHEDULED WASTE
VTS CONSULTANTS & ENGINEERING (M) SDN. BHD.
- Copyright Controlled - 33

34. THANK YOU