European debt crisis ppt @ becdoms

13. Loanable Funds (in billions of dollars) 0 Interest Rate Copyright©2004 South-Western Supply Demand 5% $1,200

16. Loanable Funds (in billions of dollars) 0 Interest Rate Copyright©2004 South-Western Supply, S 1 S 2 2. . . . which reduces the equilibrium interest rat e . . . 3. . . . and raises the equilibrium quantity of loanable funds. Demand 1. Tax incentives for saving increase the supply of loanable fund s . . . 5% $1,200 4% $1,600

18. Loanable Funds (in billions of dollars) 0 Interest Rate Copyright©2004 South-Western 1. An investment tax credit increases the demand for loanable fund s . . . 2. . . . which raises the equilibrium interest rate . . . 3. . . . and raises the equilibrium quantity of loanable funds. Supply Demand, D 1 D 2 5% $1,200 6% $1,400

22. Loanable Funds (in billions of dollars) 0 Interest Rate Copyright©2004 South-Western 3. . . . and reduces the equilibrium quantity of loanable funds. S 2 2. . . . which raises the equilibrium interest rat e . . . Supply, S 1 Demand $1,200 5% $800 6% 1. A budget deficit decreases the supply of loanable fund s . . .

29. Formula

30. The Market for Loanable Funds Copyright©2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Quantity of Loanable Funds Real Interest Rate Supply of loanable funds (from national saving) Demand for loanable funds (for domestic investment and net capital outflow) Equilibrium quantity Equilibrium real interest rate

32. The Market for Foreign-Currency Exchange Copyright©2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Quantity of Dollars Exchanged into Foreign Currency Real Exchange Rate Supply of dollars (from net capital outflow) Demand for dollars (for net exports) Equilibrium quantity Equilibrium real exchange rate

35. How Net Capital Outflow Depends on the Interest Rate 0 Net Capital Outflow Real Interest Rate Net capital outflow is negative. Net capital outflow is positive.

37. The Real Equilibrium in an Open Economy (a) The Market for Loanable Funds (b) Net Capital Outflow Real Interest Rate Real Interest Rate (c) The Market for Foreign-Currency Exchange Quantity of Dollars Quantity of Loanable Funds Net Capital Outflow Real Exchange Rate Net capital outflow, NCO Supply Supply Demand Demand r r E

40. The Effects of Government Budget Deficit (a) The Market for Loanable Funds (b) Net Capital Outflow Real Interest Rate Real Interest Rate Quantity of Dollars Quantity of Loanable Funds Net Capital Outflow Real Exchange Rate Demand Demand NCO S S r 2 S S r 2 B E 1 r r A 1. A budget deficit reduces the supply of loanable funds . . . 2. . . . which increases the real interest rate . . . 4. The decrease in net capital outflow reduces the supply of dollars to be exchanged into foreign currency . . . 5. . . . which causes the real exchange rate to appreciate. 3. . . . which in turn reduces net capital outflow. E 2

42. The Effects of an Import Quota (a) The Market for Loanable Funds (b) Net Capital Outflow Real Interest Rate Real Interest Rate (c) The Market for Foreign-Currency Exchange Quantity of Dollars Quantity of Loanable Funds Net Capital Outflow Real Exchange Rate Supply Supply Demand NCO D E r r D 3. Net exports, however, remain the same. 2. . . . and causes the real exchange rate to appreciate. E 2 1. An import quota increases the demand for dollars . . .

44. The Effects of Capital Flight (a) The Market for Loanable Funds in Mexico (b) Mexican Net Capital Outflow Real Interest Rate Real Interest Rate (c) The Market for Foreign-Currency Exchange Quantity of Pesos Quantity of Loanable Funds Net Capital Outflow Real Exchange Rate r 1 r 1 D 1 Demand S Supply NCO 1 D 2 E S 2 NCO 2 1. An increase in net capital outflow. . . 3. . . . which increases the interest rate. 2. . . . increases the demand for loanable funds . . . 4. At the same time, the increase in net capital outflow increases the supply of pesos . . . 5. . . . which causes the peso to depreciate. r 2 r 2 E