This document covers learning objectives for business management, such as comparing different managerial levels and roles, and explaining the relationship between factors of production and managerial functions. It defines management and business management, and introduces the management process of converting inputs to outputs through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Man

2. Learning Outcomes
0 Analyse the role of managers in the business
environment
0 Explain the business process in any form of business
0 Compare the different managerial roles at the
different management levels
0 Explain the importance of management in business
0 Explain the management tasks in business
0 Investigate the skills needed by managers
0 Report the major challenges SA managers face

3. Learning Outcomes
0 Summarise the differences between leadership and
management
0 Describe the factors of production
0 Show the relationship between factors of production
and the managerial functions

4. Introduction to General
Management
0 What drives business?
0 Needs and wants
0 Management:
“Process whereby all managers regardless of their skills or
management level within the organisation, plan, organise,
lead and control the financial, human, physical and
information resources to achieve the goals of the
organisation”
0 Society relies on organisations to cater for their ever
growing and changing needs.

5. Introduction to General
Management
0 Business management:
“a science that concerns itself with our profit-orientated
market system by studying what a business is, how to
establish the business and manage it in an effective and
efficient way to ensure the highest profit for the
business”
0 The management of people impacts directly on the
success of the business.
0 Purpose of business is to ensure growth of
shareholders investments
0 Utilise all resources effectively and efficiently

6. Introduction to General
Management
0 Managers are responsible for bringing the resources
together (human, financial, physical, information)
0 Managers are responsible for the success and
sustainability of organisations.

7. Business Management Cycle
Consumer
Needs
Consumer Entrepreneur
identifies
pays need
Provide
Establish a
product/
business
service

8. Introduction to General
Management
0 Management’s task is to combine, allocate, co-
ordinate and deploy resources or inputs so that the
organisation’s goals are achieved as productively as
possible.
0 Four main management functions:
0 Planning
0 Organising
0 Leading
0 Controlling

9. Introduction to General
Management
0 These management functions convert the inputs of an
organisation into outputs
0 This is called the management process

10. Management Process
Planning
Converting
INPUTS Controlling Organising OUTPUTS
process
Leading

11. Introduction to General
Management
0 Different Management Levels
0 Top management- strategic managers who hold
executive positions, responsible for the WHOLE
enterprise
0 Middle Management- functional managers
responsible for different functions, implement top
management’s strategy
0 First-line Management- supervisors, deal with day-
day reality.

12. Exercises
0 Textbook page 6 revision exercise as a discussion
0 Case study on page 19 of your textbook questions:
0 1-4
0 Revision exercise in your manual page 29 no. 1

13. Management Functions
0 Planning
0 Managers ID the goals of the organisation
0 Provides direction and a map for the future of the
organisation
0 Encourages cooperation between sections of the
organisation- business processes
0 Managers need to plan organisational systems with
an eye on the future
0 Watching trends, anticipating impact of inflation
and budget speech, other changes in the economy,
etc

14. Management Functions
0 Planning Process Steps
1. ID opportunities and threats
2. Formulate Objectives
3. Draw up plans according to your assumptions
4. ID alternative plans (Plan B)
5. Analyse and consider all plans – brainstorming
6. Choose a final plan
7. Draw up a budget
8. Implement the plan

15. Management Functions
0 Barriers Managers face when planning:
0 Lack of environmental knowledge
0 Lack of organisational knowledge
0 Reluctance to establish goals
0 Resistance to change
0 Time and expense

16. Management Functions
0 Organising
0 Using the resources required to achieve the
organisation’s objectives that have been set out in
the planning process
0 Structuring departments in such a way that the
plans are fulfilled
0 Through this process everyone knows who is
responsible for what and who is accountable for
what.
0 The way in which an organisation is structured is
referred to as the organisational design

17. Management Functions
0 Organising Process
1. Think about the objectives of the organisation
2. ID core tasks that will meet these objectives
3. Break up these core tasks into subtasks
4. Determine resources needed
5. Continuously assess the accomplishment of these
tasks - targets

18. Management Functions
0 Organising
0 Organising involves the division of work with the
relative skills and knowledge
0 Organising establishes who reports to who in the
organisational hierarchy- chain of command
0 Managers also have the task of establishing which
departments are needed and how many employees
in each department
0 Managers then need to co-ordinate the work
activities within these departments as well as the
organisation as a whole
0 Manual pg 20- important principles

19. Management Functions
0 Leading
0 Informal and Formal leadership
0 An effective leader is able to empower individuals
to be more accountable for their work
0 Motivate people to achieve the goals of the
organisation
0 Leaders are responsible for creating the
environments in which individuals and teams can
successfully meet the demands of their jobs
0 There are leaders at all levels in an organisation
0 Employable quality

20. Management Functions
0 Leading
0 Leaders have a vision for their teams and motivate
their followers to work towards that vision
0 What is the difference between management and
leadership?
0 A core task of management is to lead
0 Table 2.1 textbook pg 28
0 Core task of a leader is communication

21. Management Functions
0 Leadership- vision of the organisation
0 Management- implementing that vision

22. Management Functions
0 Control
0 Ensure that results are in accordance with plans
and objectives
0 Ensures the business is on course
0 Establish stability, ensure quality and standards
0 Set performance standards for employees and
targets
0 Monitoring and assessing employees’ activities

23. Management Functions
0 Control Process
1. Determine and communicate standards and methods
of performance measures
2. Measure performance
3. Evaluate and compare performance
4. Take corrective action if necessary

24. Challenges for SA Managers &
Leaders
0 Pg 16 of your manual
0 Pg 45 of your textbook

25. Exercises
0 Manual Revision exercise 1 page 29
0 Questions 2 and 3
0 Textbook page 47 question 4