On 2018 the BRT+ CoE hosted the Workshop Innovation in Africa, on Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. These are the slides of the main sessions of the event.

1. CONTEXT,
CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES
FOR URBAN TRANSPORT
MODERNIZATION IN AFRICA
29TH JUNE, 2018 || DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA
BRT INNOVATION IN AFRICA WORKSHOP
RAMON MUNOZ-RASKIN
SR. TRANSPORT SPECIALIST

2. Low average density
POOR CITIES IN AFRICA: FEATURELESS PLAINS
Source: Llal, through http://citypopulation.de/
Source: Munoz-Raskin

3. Most people walk or take public
transport
But street are very congested
THE WALKING AND CONGESTION PARADOX
Source: International Association of Public Transport 2010. Source: World Bank Flickr

4. Nairobi and Gauteng are more fragmented and less well-connected than
its siblings in Asia or Latin America
African cities are different: they are more fragmented
Source: Henderson and Nigmatulina 2016.
Source: LSE Cities. https://lsecities.net/media/objects/articles/measuring-density/en-gb/ http://brandondonnelly.com/post/140880939048/residential-population-densities-compared

5. In Nairobi, 70% walk or take the matatu to
work…
Source: Avner and Lall 2016.
…limiting access to opportunities
28% Matatu
% of jobs within 60 minutes
42% Walk
How do people get to their jobs?
11
%
20%
In London, a central resident can reach 54% of all jobs
within 45 minutes using public transit, in Nairobi, the
corresponding share is 20%

6. Increase in motorization threatens
competitiveness and quality of life in cities
Source: Lee Schipper, Universidad de California, Berkeley, 2009
Trends for emerging economies
• Individuals buy vehicles as soon as they can afford them
• Real vehicle value decreases and access to credit increases
income = motorization

7. With the entire investment in the BRT network,
the number of people who will be able to access
the center of the city in 1 h using PT to increase
from 42% to 73%.
Source: World Bank staff simulation through the OTPA tool developed by the World Bank.
Estimated impact of the Dar es Salaam BRT on Accessibility to CBD
Estimated impact of a hypothetical BRT in Kigali on
employment accessibility
Implementation of a BRT in Kigali could
increase accessibility to employment
opportunities by as much as 75% in some
areas.
LEVERAGING TRANSPORT SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE MOBILITY
AND ACCESSIBILITY: THE EVIDENCE

8. Built Form and Urban Planning/Governance
as a foundation for the vision for the city
Source: Munoz-Raskin
SSA cities growing at 4% annually and generate > 50% GDP;
2/3 of urbanization still needs to happen;
180M jobs need to be created within cities by 2030.

9. Virtuous cycle:
walking, cycling and high quality, clean and
affordable public transport
Source: DART

10. CHALLENGES AND
OPPORTUNITIES
FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT
MODERNIZATION

11. Mobility for All
• Focus on improving mobility and
accessibility for all, including the
poor
• Multi-modalism AND integration
as a response to demand
patterns. Including demand-
responsive services for low
density environment(e.g.
minibuses/e-hauling)
Source: Munoz-Raskin
Source: unknown

12. Service Planning
• Adaptation of solutions to travel
market and land use. Infrastructure as
a facilitator to the service plan.
• Building the infrastructure is not
enough. Coordination to facilitate
service provision and priority along
the routes
• Anticipate for teething problems
Source: DART

13. Policy Considerations
• Axiomatic assumptions (e.g. BRT = Fare
recovery) have serious policy implications
• Technical tariff vs. fare to the user- service
providers in the business of operating and
public sector to establish policies, planning
and contractual management as applicable
• Adequate risk sharing arrangements
between public and private sector to attract
professional private sector service
providers (local and international)
Source: unknown
Source: Munoz-Raskin
Source: unknown

14. Regulatory & Institutional Considerations
• Institutional set-up with institutional
architecture, funding and teeth to favor
public transport (e.g. metropolitan
authorities)
• Institutional coordination is complex
and requires many stakeholders during
planning, development and operations
• Regulate the market so that public
transport modernization is set for
success (e.g. Who can operate in the
corridors? Enforcement approach?
Who decides?)
Source: Munoz-Raskin
Source: Munoz-Raskin

15. Human Capital
• Early and serious investment: capacity
and capability + project management
• Greater global knowledge base but still
African cities have less experience in
implementing public transport
modernization, coupled with less
resources.
• Insider + Outsider: co-producing
knowledge and empowering the local
Source: Munoz-Raskin
Source: Munoz-Raskin

16. THANKS!
ASANTE!
Source: Munoz-Raskin