1. Xumei CHEN
Associate Professor
China Urban Sustainable Transport Research Center (CUSTReC)
China Academy of Transportation Science
19 April, 2016
China’s BRT Development in the
Last Decade
3. National Policies for Promoting BRT Development in China
To scientifically identify the public transport mode based on the practical
development and planning of the city, which include BRT and modern
trolley-bus etc.
——”Guideline of promoting public transport priority development
“ issued by the State Council in Dec. 2012
Promoting BRT development……..
——”Guideline of promoting Urban infrastructure Construction “ issued
by the State Council in Sep. 2013
5. Source: National Report on Urban Passenger Transport Development 2014
Multiple Modes to Develop BRT
Beijing
Xiamen
Guangzhou
Kunming
6. 快速公交系统功能定位和标准选择的差异
Differences in function and standard of BRT
系统运行效率和外部效能千差万别（ Operation efficiency and external benefit）
Peak throughput (passengers/hr/direction)
City Centre peak hour speed（km/hr）
Data: chinabrt.org
（high capacity, high speed)
(high capacity, medium speed)(medium capacity, medium speed)
(medium capacity, high speed)
9000
20 km/hr
7. •第一代系统 1st generation systems
•第二代系统 2nd generation systems
•第三代系统 3rd generation systems
16. Passengers wait for a regular bus at a Beijing BRT station (this situation has
been greatly improved, and regular buses also operate in the BRT corridor)
22. In all corridors the large majority of bus demand is outside the BRT, making
an overall time saving benefit for bus passengers unlikely. Corr. 2&3 demand
~2,000 pphpd in BRT
23. 19km dedicated bus lanes; 27.2km corridor, 3rd corridor recently opened
Hangzhou:
• Opened 2006
• 2 corridors, 19km bus lanes
• 50 stations
• Peak capacity 6,600 pphpd
35. Operation Mode：Combination line
Line 1:1 branch, 3 regional
lines；
branch-5；regional-13.
Line 2:1 branch, 2 regional, 1 loop
line;
branch-4；regional-32.
System Exchange：
Same station,same direction
exchange for free (36)
Fare: the same as regular bus.
Ticket：RMB 1Yuan；
Discount：IC card, 60%
discount；student IC card, 30%
discount；elder IC card, 20%
discount.（Since 1 Oct.,2009, free
of charge for those elder more
than 70 years old, 50% discount
for those elder during 60-69 years
old.)
36. Most stations are offset across intersections. Some are facing with each other.
37. A critical 500m section of the city centre BRT corridor is open to mixed traffic
and is congested during peak periods
38. Stations located at the intersection sometimes result in queues which block the
intersection and the pedestrians crossing, even the traffic flow is not so high at
present.
50. •第一代系统 1st generation systems
•第二代系统 2nd generation systems
•第三代系统 3rd generation systems
51. 31 BRT routes, express lines during peak hours, short lines;
‘Direct service’ BRT system, BRT bus can run outside the corridor
52. Some key statistics for Guangzhou BRT
Peak passenger flows : 26,900 passengers per hour per
direction. More than any metro line in mainland China,
except for the Beijing subway Line 2.
Daily ridership :around 800,000 passenger-trips per day.
More than any metro line in Guangzhou.
Passenger boardings:8,500 passengers per hour (not
including transfers) at the biggest station during morning
and evening peak hour; world records for the busiest BRT
system.
Passenger boardings :more than 55,000 passengers per day
at a single station (not including transfers), also a world
record.
The world's longest BRT stations – around 260m including
bridges, at the largest stations.
53. Some key statistics for Guangzhou BRT
The world’s highest BRT bus volumes: 350 per hour in a single
direction, or roughly 1 bus every 10 seconds.
The first BRT system in China to include bike parking and bike
sharing in the BRT station design.
The first BRT system in the world to include direct connecting
tunnels between metro and BRT stations.
The first BRT system in China with BRT station bridges
connecting to adjacent buildings.
The first BRT system in China with more than one BRT operator:
three corporate groups consisting of seven different bus
operating companies all operate BRT routes.
The first BRT system in Asia to determine station size based on
passenger demand, for all stations in the BRT system. This
results in a range of station lengths from 55m to 260m.
64. •Along Zhongshan Dadao, there are 18 stations, 1000 buses.
•On 2 Aug. the BRT system has extended to 113 station, 5000 bikes, distributed
along Huajingxincheng Station to Xiayuan Station, Surrounding residential,
commercial , to meet the ‘last kilometer’ travel demand and a short trip in the
corridor .
65. Public bikes at Huajing Xincheng BRT station. The bike lane is paved with asphalt and
separated by a line of trees
67. Lessons learned (1)
Many critical aspects to
BRT project success:
corridor selection,
data collection & analysis,
operational design,
institutions & regulation,
communications and
outreach
control centre & ITS
stations (placement relative to
intersections, configuration,
length, width, spacing, and
architecture),
fare collection,
vehicles, traffic engineering &
management,
intersection design & signal
phases,
modal integration (metro,
bicycle, pedestrians),
ancillary measures such as
parking & urban design.
68. Lessons learned (2)
The first BRT corridor should serve high demand,
congested locations, including the city centre.
The infrastructure has to be correctly planned and
designed together with an operation plan that meets
passenger demand
BRT stations should be designed to meet passenger
demand levels and accommodate growth
69. Lessons learned (2)
There are many advantages to involve multiple BRT
operators
Intermodal integration is often neglected during
BRT planning
A successful BRT corridor should also be a
beautiful urban landscape.
70. 谢 谢！Xumei CHEN
Associate Professor
Director for Policy and Standard Division
China Urban Sustainable Transport Research Center
China Academy of Transportation Sciences
Add.Room502,No.240, Huixinli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
Email:keyer@263.net
Tel:+86 10 58278584, Fax:+86 10 59278599.
THANK YOU!
