Digital Scholarship at the British Library
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Talk for UCL Information Through the Ages module by Stella Wisdom on 3rd October 2019
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Digital Scholarship at the British Library
- 1. Digital Scholarship @ British Library Stella Wisdom, Digital Curator @miss_wisdom Blog: http://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/digital-scholarship/
- 2. www.bl.uk 2 The British Library is the national library of the UK. By law we receive a copy of every publication produced in the UK and Ireland https://www.bl.uk/
- 3. www.bl.uk 3 Well over 150 Million physical items alone are stored in London and in Yorkshire….growing by roughly 3 million each year. If you saw 5 items a day it would take you 80,000 years to see the whole collection. Roughly 3% of this is digital/digitised though that’s growing.
- 4. www.bl.uk 4 The UK Web Archive http://www.webarchive.org.uk A collaboration between all of the UK Legal Deposit Libraries: • Bodleian Libraries, Oxford University • British Library • Cambridge University Libraries • National Library of Scotland • National Library of Wales • Trinity College, Dublin Aims to collect all UK websites at least once per year
- 5. www.bl.uk 5 Born-Digital Manuscripts and Personal Digital Archives The Wendy Cope Archive http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2011-05/10/british-library-digital-archives
- 6. www.bl.uk 6 Born-Digital Manuscripts and Personal Digital Archives Enhanced Curation: Hanif Kureishi's writing study https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/hanif-kureishis-writing-study Panoramic view of writer Hanif Kureishi’s study created by taking a series of photographs of the room and digitally stitching them together to make one image.
- 7. www.bl.uk What is Digital Scholarship? 7 "Allows research areas to be investigated in new ways, using new tools, leading to new discoveries and analysis to generate new understanding." Dr Adam Farquhar Head of Digital Scholarship British Library • There’s been a technological and computational shift in scholarship • Digital tools have transformed the research process, specifically two fundamental aspects of research: search and analysis • Digital tools help overcome the traditionally most difficult aspects of being a researcher: finding information, and interpreting it
- 8. www.bl.uk 8 Combines methodologies from traditional humanities & social science disciplines with computational tools provided by computing disciplines to, for instance: • Explore a bigger body of material computationally than by individually reading entire texts • Look for trends, patterns and relationships not apparent from close reading • Gain a broad overview of a topic • Test an idea or hypothesis on a large dataset We draw heavily on the work being done in digital humanities, but are not limited to it. Defining Digital Scholarship
- 9. www.bl.uk 9 • Our digital collections are only going to grow… • Meanwhile digital scholars are, today, using technology in innovative ways, expectations have already changed, they’re seeking access at scale to our collections for computational analysis. • We’ve much to gain from understanding digital methods and having closer collaborations with digital scholars—there’s a synergy in solving shared issues (e.g. correcting OCR, enriched collections metadata, conquering back- cataloguing). • Digital scholarship is collaborative, requires input across disciplines and domain expertise, our curatorial experts have an essential role to play in that. • The Digital Research Team and BL Labs aim to keep pace of this digital turn, understand service requirements and support colleagues keen to make the most of it. Where does the Library fit in?
- 10. www.bl.uk 10 The Digital Scholarship Department Mission Enable the use of the British Library’s digital collections for research, inspiration, creativity, and enjoyment. Goal Ensure the Library is able to meet the emerging needs of everyone who wants to deeply integrate digital content, data, and methods into their work. www.bl.uk/digital
- 11. www.bl.uk 11 Meet the Digital Research Team The Digital Research Team is a cross-disciplinary mix of curators, researchers, librarians and programmers supporting the creation and innovative use of British Library's digital collections. Neil Fitzgerald Head of Digital Research Stella Wisdom Contemporary British Nora McGregor Europe & Americas Dr Mia Ridge Western Heritage Dr Adi Keinan- Schoonbaert Asia & Africa Dr Rossitza Atanassova Digitisation Tom Derrick 2 Centuries of Indian Print
- 12. www.bl.uk 12 The Digital Scholarship Department Support Digital Scholars Connect & Share Expertise Invest in our Staff Agents for Change Innovate & Collaborate Training Programme & Hack & Yack Reading Group/21st Century Talks Arabic OCR Competition Libcrowds Playbills Crowdsourcing LIBER Digital Humanities Working Group Data.bl.uk Digital Reading Room Pilot BL Labs Competition & Awards Collaborative PhDs & PhD Placements
- 13. www.bl.uk Opportunities for researchers You can: • Explore a bigger body of material computationally - 'reading' thousands, or hundreds of thousands, of volumes of text, images or media files • See trends, patterns and relationships not apparent from close reading individual items, or gain a broad overview of a topic • Test an idea or hypothesis on a large dataset; generate classification data about people, places, concepts 13 Adapted from Mia Ridge’s blog post, Some challenges and opportunities for digital scholarship in 2018 (25 April 2018) Scale Perspective Speed
- 14. www.bl.uk 14 Political Meetings Mapper “I was able to do in minutes with a python code what I’d spent the last ten years trying to do by hand!” Dr. Katrina Navickas, BL Labs Winner 2015 5,519 meetings discovered in 462 towns and villages across the UK http://politicalmeetingsmapper.co.uk/maps
- 15. www.bl.uk 15 Political Meetings Mapper https://youtu.be/0lx0CL_dsQs
- 16. www.bl.uk 16 200th anniversary of the publication of Frankenstein. A perfect opportunity to run a gothic novel themed challenge. Gothic Novel Jam with Read Watch Play; participants to make something creative inspired by the gothic novel genre and share it on the itch.io Gothic Novel Jam site. Entries invited to include stories, poetry, art, games, music, films, pictures, soundscapes, or any other type of digital media response. We wanted participants to use images from the British Library Flickr account as inspiration
- 17. www.bl.uk Microsoft Partnership Digitisation 2006-8 • 68,000 volumes (47,000+ titles) published in the 19th century mostly in English • Excluded authors active 1850-1901 and who died after 1936 • Output: 25 million pages • Digitised content is public domain
- 18. www.bl.uk 18 Extracting Images from OCR 18 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> - <mets:mets xmlns:xsi="http://ww w.w3.org/2001/XML Schema-instance" xmlns:mets="http://w ww.loc.gov/METS/" xsi:schemaLocation= "http://www.loc.gov/ METS/ http://www.loc.gov/ standards/mets/ver sion18/mets.xsd info:lc/xmlns/premi s-v2 Image snipped out Algorithmically From ALTO XML Image taken from page 207 of 'London and its Environs. A picturesque survey of the metropolis and the suburbs ... Translated by Henry Frith. With ... illustrations' ALTO XML
- 19. www.bl.uk 19 Flickr albums created through crowd-sourced tagging
- 20. www.bl.uk 20 Gothic Novel Jam 2018 We received 46 entries submitted by people from all around the world including UK, Australia, America and France. https://itch.io/jam/gothic-novel-jam/entries
- 21. www.bl.uk 21 We encouraged entrants to use the digitised images on Flickr that The British Library had released as Public Domain. As a glow brings out a haze by Eldridge Misnomer is a lovely example of how these illustrations are used as a key part of the storytelling.
- 22. www.bl.uk 22 Emerging Formats Project This project builds our ability to collect publications designed for mobile devices that respond to reader interaction or are structured as databases. Focus on three format types: eBook mobile apps, web-based interactive narratives and structured data. https://www.bl.uk/projects/emerging-formats
- 24. www.bl.uk 24 Breathe by Kate Pullinger https://ambientlit.com/breathe
- 26. www.bl.uk 26 E-publishing Trends/Emerging Formats collection https://webarchive.org.uk/en/ukwa/collection/2431
- 28. www.bl.uk 28 Contacts Email: digitalresearch@bl.uk Blog: http://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/digital-scholarship/ Web: https://www.bl.uk/subjects/digital Twitter: @BL_DigiSchol
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Set up in 2010 the team was formed as a way of dedicating focus on the changing research landscape in the digital realm. Now embedded in collection areas, and as you’ll see later, joining the library explicitly as part of major digitisation projects. Main activities: Working behind the scenes to get content in digital form and online Offering digital research support and guidance Supporting collaborative projects Running events, competitions, and awards
- Set up in 2010, the DS team was formed as a way of dedicating focus on the changing research landscape. Now embedded in collection areas, or joining the library as part of major digitisation projects.
- Research Question: Chartism was the biggest popular movement for democracy in 19th Century British history. They campaigned for the vote for all men. The Chartists advertised their meeting in the Northern Star newspaper from 1838 to 1850. The question is, how many of the meetings took place and where? We started with 1841-1845. Source Collections: 19th Century Digitised Newspapers, specifically Northern Star newspaper Digitised and Georeferenced Map of Oxford Street Digital/Computational Techniques: The images of the relevant pages of the Northern Star were run through an Optical Character Recognition program (Abbyy Finereader 12) and the resulting text was checked manually. We developed a set of Python codes to extract and geo-code the place of meeting, using a gazetteer of places, and parse the date of the meeting. Outcome: 5,519 meetings discovered in 462 towns and villages across the UK! http://politicalmeetingsmapper.co.uk/maps/
- Research Question: Chartism was the biggest popular movement for democracy in 19th Century British history. They campaigned for the vote for all men. The Chartists advertised their meeting in the Northern Star newspaper from 1838 to 1850. The question is, how many of the meetings took place and where? We started with 1841-1845. Source Collections: 19th Century Digitised Newspapers, specifically Northern Star newspaper Digitised and Georeferenced Map of Oxford Street Digital/Computational Techniques: The images of the relevant pages of the Northern Star were run through an Optical Character Recognition program (Abbyy Finereader 12) and the resulting text was checked manually. We developed a set of Python codes to extract and geo-code the place of meeting, using a gazetteer of places, and parse the date of the meeting. Outcome: 5,519 meetings discovered in 462 towns and villages across the UK! http://politicalmeetingsmapper.co.uk/maps/
- 60 seconds The Library digitised 68,000 predominantly 19th century books from our collections a few years ago (around 2.7 % of the physical total in that period). You can view them from our catalogue or read them on your <click>IPad via the Historical Books app developed by BiblioLabs. There are 22 million individual page images, along with full text scans of these images, all of which contain untold quantity of useful data such as names of people, places, historical events, dates. with no restrictions on use by Microsoft So the question became then, what next? What can 68,000 books tell us?
- 60 seconds As the books were scanned for text, this had a fortunate ‘side effect’ the software not only tries to detect the text on the page but also where the images might be. There had already been some interest in the images from the community of researchers. It seemed easy to extract them. s part of the Labs competition, Matt Prior attended one of our hack events and when examining our book data and was very interested in the images from the books. Meanwhile the algorithm that Ben had written to snip the images from the OCR scans was still churning away, how many were there going to be? The Mechanical Curator could publish them every hour, but was there somewhere we could put them all for people to browse when they wanted. Importantly if we did put them somewhere, could we get people to help us add descriptions to the individual images making them infinitely more discoverable.]
- With an algorithm by Ben O’Steen we snipped out images from digitised books and put them on to Flickr on December 13 2013, there were over a million, but the problem we had was that we knew which books they came from (author/dates), but we didn’t’ have any information about the images. By releasing them onto flickr, we have got people to start tagging them and using them in very creative ways. Hosting them internally was not an option and there was not sufficient metadata to put them on Wikipedia. Flickr seemed the obvious option as it is a platform that can support high usage, did not require metadata, allowed tagging and it is free for public domain images.