textile presentations

1. INTRODUCTION TO
TEXTILE
MANUFACTURING
(TXT-175)
By: Nirmal Malik

2. MAN MADE FIBERS

3. RAYON
• Rayon is a man-made redeveloped cellulose fiber.
• Rayon fiber is a synthetic textile material which is fully
the collection of cellulose acquired from cotton linters or
from the soft tissue of trees such as spruce.
• Rayon fiber has the same comfort property as natural
fibers.
• Rayon fibers are wet spun
• Rayon is recognized by the name viscose rayon in the
textile industry.
• Very first rayon was called artificial silk.
END USE
• Apparel: Accessories, blouses, dresses, jackets,
lingerie, linings, millinery, slacks, sport shirts, sportswear,
suits, ties, work clothes
• Home Furnishings: Bedspreads, blankets, curtains,
draperies, sheets, slipcovers, tablecloths, upholstery
• Industrial Uses: Industrial products, medical surgical
products, nonwoven products, tire cord
• Other Uses: Feminine hygiene products

4. RAYON
SOURCE Cotton linters and soft tissues of wood.
APPEARENCE Silk like appearance.
STRENGTH Stronger than wool but weaker than cotton, linen and silk.
ELASTICITY fairly elastic but less than wool and silk.
RESILIENCE Low Resilience.
DRAPABILITY Excellent Drapability due to heavy weight.
HEAT CONDUCTIVITY Good conductors of heat
ABSORBENCY Excellent absorbency but loses strength when wet.
WASHABILITY Easily washed.
SHRINKAGE High shrinkage

5. RAYON
EFFECT OF HEAT Burns, same behavior as cotton.
EFFECT OF LIGHT Good resistance when exposed to light.
REACTION OF BLEACH Bleaching is not required.
REACTION OF ALKALIS Shows sensitivity, mild soap can be used.
REACTION OF ACIDS Disintegrates fiber.
RESISTANCE TO Bad.
INSECTS
RESISTANCE TO Fabric color might fade.
PERSPIRATION
AFFINITY FOR DYES Very good affinity for dyes.

6. ACETATE
• Acetate is derived from cellulose by reacting
purified cellulose from wood pulp with acetic
acid and acetic anhydride in the presence of
sulfuric acid.
• Dry spun
• Luxurious feel and appearance
• Wide range of colors and lusters
• Excellent Drapability and softness
• Relatively fast drying
END USE
• Apparel: Blouses, dresses, linings, wedding
and party attire, home furnishings, draperies,
upholstery
• Industrial Uses: Cigarette filters

7. ACETATE
SOURCE Wood pulp.
APPEARENCE Luxurious appearance.
STRENGTH One of the weakest textile fiber.
ELASTICITY fairly elastic but less than wool and silk.
RESILIENCE Good Resilience.
DRAPABILITY Good Drapability.
HEAT CONDUCTIVITY Bad conductors of heat
ABSORBENCY Low absorbency.
WASHABILITY Easily washed.
SHRINKAGE Low shrinkage

8. ACETATE
EFFECT OF HEAT Melts at high temperature.
EFFECT OF LIGHT Good resistance, weakens with time.
REACTION OF BLEACH Bleaching is not required.
REACTION OF ALKALIS Shows sensitivity..
REACTION OF ACIDS Strong acids damages fiber.
RESISTANCE TO Good.
INSECTS
RESISTANCE TO Fabric color might fade.
PERSPIRATION
AFFINITY FOR DYES Poor affinity for dye.

9. TRIACETATE
• Triacetate is derived from cellulose by
combining cellulose with acetate from
acetic acid and acetate anhydride.
• Dry Spun
• Shrink resistant
• Wrinkle resistant
• Easily washed
• Fabrics made from triacetate fibers
maintain pleat retention and a crisp finish
• Develop their most valuable
characteristics by heat treatments that are
included as a part of their normal finishing
END USE
• Apparel: Dresses, skirts, sportswear,
particularly where pleat-retention is
important.

10. NYLON
• The term nylon refers to a family of polymers called linear polyamides.
• Melt Spun
• Exceptionally strong
• Elastic
• Abrasion resistant
• Lustrous
• Easy to wash
END USE
• Apparel: Blouses, dresses, foundation garments, hosiery, lingerie,
underwear, raincoats, ski apparel, windbreakers, swimwear, and cycle
wear
• Home Furnishings: Bedspreads, carpets, curtains, upholstery
• Industrial and Other Uses: Tire cord, hoses, conveyer and seat belts,
parachutes, racket strings, ropes and nets, sleeping bags, tarpaulins,
tents, thread, monofilament fishing line, dental floss

11. NYLON
SOURCE
APPEARENCE Smooth appearance
STRENGTH Produced in both regular and high tenacity
strengths.
ELASTICITY Highly elastic.
RESILIENCE Excellent Resilience.
DRAPABILITY Excellent Drapability.
HEAT CONDUCTIVITY Depends on weave of the fabric
ABSORBENCY Low absorbency.
WASHABILITY Easily washed.
SHRINKAGE Retains its shape.

12. NYLON
EFFECT OF HEAT Melts on high temperature.
EFFECT OF LIGHT Good resistance.
REACTION OF BLEACH Bleaching is not required.
ACTION OF ALKALIS Substantially inert to alkalis.
REACTION OF ACIDS Decomposes.
RESISTANCE TO Excellent.
INSECTS
RESISTANCE TO Fabric color might fade.
PERSPIRATION
AFFINITY FOR DYES Very good affinity for dyes.

13. POLYESTER
• A manufactured fiber in which the fiber
forming substance is any long-chain
synthetic polymer ester.
• The most common polyester for fiber
purposes is poly (ethylene terephthalate),
or simply PET.
END USE
• Apparel: Every form of clothing
• Home Furnishings: Carpets, curtains,
draperies, sheets and pillow cases, wall
coverings, and upholstery
• Other Uses: hoses, power belting, ropes
and nets, thread, tire cord, auto
upholstery, sails, floppy disk liners, and
fiberfill for various products including
pillows and furniture

14. POLYESTER
SOURCE Polymers produced from coal , air water and petroleum.
STRENGTH Very strong.
ELASTICITY Low elasticity.
RESILIENCE High degree of resilience.
DRAPABILITY Satisfactory draping quality.
HEAT CONDUCTIVITY Better than acrylic.
ABSORBENCY Very low absorbency.
WASHABILITY Can easily be washed.
SHRINKAGE Does not shrink.

15. POLYESTER
EFFECT OF HEAT Melts and flame.
EFFECT OF LIGHT Good resistance when exposed to light.
REACTION OF BLEACH Good resistance.
REACTION OF ALKALIS Fair resistance at room temperature.
REACTION OF ACIDS Excellent to good resistance.
RESISTANCE TO Unaffected.
INSECTS
RESISTANCE TO Unaffected.
PERSPIRATION
AFFINITY FOR DYES Depending upon dyes.

16. ACRYLIC
• Acrylic fibers are produced from acrylonitrile, a
petrochemical.
• Some acrylic fibers are dry spun and others are wet spun.
• Outstanding wick ability & quick drying to move moisture
from body surface
• Flexible aesthetics for wool-like, cotton-like, or blended
appearance
• Easily washed, retains shape
• Resistant to moths, oil, and chemicals
• Dye able to bright shades with excellent fastness
• Superior resistance to sunlight degradation
END USE
• Apparel: Sweaters, socks, fleece wear, circular knit
apparel, sportswear and children’s wear
• Home Furnishings: Blankets, area rugs, upholstery, pile;
luggage, awnings, outdoor furniture
• Other Uses: Craft yarns, sail cover cloth, wipe cloths
• Industrial Uses: Asbestos replacement; concrete
reinforcement

17. ACRYLIC
SOURCE Acrylonitrile
STRENGTH Good strength
ELASTICITY Low elasticity.
RESILIENCE Very good
DRAPABILITY Satisfactory.
HEAT CONDUCTIVITY Bad conductor of heat
ABSORBENCY Little absorbency
WASHABILITY Easy to wash.
SHRINKAGE Excellent dimensional
stability.

18. ACRYLIC
EFFECT OF HEAT Shrinks at 235C at higher temperature it decomposes.
EFFECT OF LIGHT one of the most light resistant fibers in textiles.
REACTION OF BLEACH Good resistance
REACTION OF ALKALIS Fair to good resistance to weak alkalis.
REACTION OF ACIDS Resistant to Acids
RESISTANCE TO Unaffected by insects.
INSECTS
RESISTANCE TO Resistant to Perspiration
PERSPIRATION
AFFINITY FOR DYES Excellent color fastness

19. MODACRYLIC
• Mod acrylic fibers are either dry spun or wet spun
• Soft
• Resilient
• Easy to dye to bright shades
• Abrasion resistant
• Flame resistant
• Quick drying
• Resistant to acids and alkalis
• Shape retentive
• END USE
• Apparel: Deep-pile coats, trims and linings, simulated
fur, wigs and hair pieces, children's sleepwear, career
apparel
• Fabric: Fleece, knit-pile fabric backings, nonwovens
• Home Furnishings: Awnings, blankets, carpets, flame-
resistant draperies and curtains, scatter rugs
• Other Uses: Filters, industrial fabrics, paint rollers,
stuffed toys

20. SPANDEX
• Can be stretched repeatedly and still recover to
very near its original length and shape
• Generally, can be stretched more than 500%
without breaking
• Stronger, more durable.
• Lightweight, soft, smooth, supple
• In garments, provides a combination of comfort and
fit, prevents bagging and sagging
• Heat-settable — facilitates transforming puckered
fabrics into flat fabrics, or flat fabrics into permanent
rounded shapes
• Dye able
• Resistant to deterioration by body oils, perspiration,
lotions or detergents
• Abrasion resistant
• When fabrics containing spandex are sewn, the
needle causes little or no damage from “needle
cutting” compared to the older types of elastic
materials

21. SPANDEX
END USE
• Garments where comfort and fit are desired: hosiery,
swimsuits, aerobic/exercise wear, ski pants, golf jackets,
disposable diaper, waist bands, bra straps and bra side
panels
• Compression garments: surgical hose, support hose,
bicycle pants, foundation garments
• Shaped garments

22. POLYPROPYLENE
• Olefin fibers (polypropylene and polyethylene)
are products of the polymerization of
propylene and ethylene gases.
• Able to give good bulk and cover
• Abrasion resistant
• Colorfast
• Low static
• Resistant to deterioration from chemicals,
mildew, perspiration, rot and weather
• Stain and soil resistant
• Strong
• Sunlight resistant
• Dry hand; wicks body moisture from the skin
• Very comfortable
• Very lightweight

23. POLYPROPYLENE
END USE
• Apparel: Activewear and sportswear; socks; thermal
underwear; lining fabrics
• Automotive: Interior fabrics used in or on kick panel,
package shelf, seat construction, truck liners, load decks,
etc.
• Home Furnishings: Indoor and outdoor carpets; carpet
backing; upholstery and wall coverings; furniture and
bedding construction fabrics
• Industrial: Carpets; disposable, durable nonwoven
fabrics; ropes; filter fabrics; bagging; geotextiles

24. SPECIALITY FIBERS
• Specialty fibers are engineered for specific uses that require
exceptional strength, heat resistance and/or chemical
resistance. They are generally niche products, but some are
produced in large quantities.
Examples:
• Glass fiber – Used for strength.
• Carbon fiber - Used for strength.
• Aramid – Used for higher tensile strength and heat resistance.
• Sulfar – Used for chemical and thermal resistance.
• Melamine – Used for its inherent thermal resistance and
outstanding heat blocking capability in direct flame
applications.

25. GLASS
• Glass is the oldest, and most familiar, performance fiber.
• Glass fibers are useful because of their high ratio of surface area to weight. However, the
increased surface area makes them much more susceptible to chemical attack.
• By trapping air within them, blocks of glass fiber make good thermal insulation
END USE
• insulation batting
• fire resistant fabrics
• reinforcing materials for plastic composites.
• For making home furnishings fabrics
• For making apparels and garments

26. ARAMID
• Stiff
• No melting point
• Low flammability
• Good fabric integrity at elevated
temperatures
END USE
• Flame-resistant clothing, protective
vests and helmets, composites,
asbestos replacement, hot air filtration
fabrics, tire and mechanical rubber
goods reinforcement, ropes and cables,
sail cloth, sporting goods.

27. Assignment # 2
FIBER PORTFOLIO
Collect different types of natural and man made
fibers and paste it on A4 sheet also mention the
properties of fibers.
Submission Date: 29th Sept 2014(Monday)
Total Points: 02