This document provides an overview of key components of networking infrastructure: - IP (Internet Protocol) is the standard that governs how devices connect to networks and the internet and includes assigning each device an IP address. - TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) works with IP to ensure reliable transmission of data packets across networks. - HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the foundation of the World Wide Web and is used to load web pages. - HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the code that web developers use to structure and present content on websites.

1. Networking Infrastucture
BY: BHASHKAR CHOUDHARY

2. “
 INTRODUCTION
 IP
 TCP
 HTTP
 HTML
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CONTENTS

3. NETWORKING INFRASTUCTURE

4. “
o Network infrastructure refers to all of the resources of a network that make
network or internet connectivity, management, business operations and
communication possible.
o Network infrastructure comprises hardware and software, systems and
devices, and it enables computing and communication between users,
services, applications and processes.
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5. “
o The basic goal of network infrastructure was to provide connectivity and it
acted as a bridge between a communications medium and the applications
that are built upon this medium.
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6. Internet Protocol
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o The Internet Protocol (IP) is a protocol, or set of rules, for routing and
addressing packets of data so that they can travel across networks and arrive
at the correct destination.
o Data traversing the Internet is divided into smaller pieces, called packets.
o In networking, a protocol is a standardized way of doing certain actions and
formatting data so that two or more devices are able to communicate with
and understand each other.
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o IP information is attached to each packet, and this information
helps routers to send packets to the right place. Every device or domain that
connects to the Internet is assigned an IP address, and as packets are directed
to the IP address attached to them, data arrives where it is needed.

9. “
What is an IP address? How does IP addressing work?
o An IP address is a unique identifier assigned to a device or domain that
connects to the Internet. Each IP address is a series of characters, such as
'192.168.1.1'. Via DNS resolvers, which translate human-readable domain
names into IP addresses, users are able to access websites without
memorizing this complex series of characters. Each IP packet will contain
both the IP address of the device or domain sending the packet and the IP
address of the intended recipient, much like how both the destination
address and the return address are included on a piece of mail.

10. Transmission Control Protocol
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The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a transport protocol, meaning it
dictates the way data is sent and received. A TCP header is included in the
data portion of each packet that uses TCP/IP. Before transmitting data, TCP
opens a connection with the recipient. TCP ensures that all packets arrive in
order once transmission begins. Via TCP, the recipient will acknowledge
receiving each packet that arrives. Missing packets will be sent again if
receipt is not acknowledged.

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o TCP is designed for reliability, not speed. Because TCP has to make sure all
packets arrive in order, loading data via TCP/IP can take longer if some
packets are missing.
o TCP and IP were originally designed to be used together, and these are often
referred to as the TCP/IP suite. However, other transport protocols can be
used with IP.

14. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
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The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the foundation of the World Wide
Web, and is used to load web pages using hypertext links. HTTP is
an application layer protocol designed to transfer information between
networked devices and runs on top of other layers of the network protocol
stack. A typical flow over HTTP involves a client machine making a request to a
server, which then sends a response message.

17. Hyper Text Markup Language

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HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is used to design web pages
using markup language. HTML is the combination of Hypertext and Markup
language. Hypertext defines the link between the web pages. Markup
language is used to define the text document within tag which defines the
structure of web pages. This language is used to annotate (make notes for the
computer) text so that a machine can understand it and manipulate text
accordingly.

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HTML is a markup language used by the browser to manipulate text, images
and other content, in order to display it in the required format. HTML was
created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991
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