SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo

Chapter 1 computer abstractions and technology

•Als PPT, PDF herunterladen•
•
B
BATMUNHMUNHZAYA

chapter 1 computer

Weiterbildung und PersönlichkeitsentwicklungTechnologie
1 von 46
Chapter 1 Computer Abstractions and Technology
The Computer Revolution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],§1.1 Introduction
Classes of Computers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Processor Market
What You Will Learn ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Understanding Performance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Below Your Program ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],§1.2 Below Your Program
Levels of Program Code ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Components of a Computer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],§1.3 Under the Covers The BIG Picture
Anatomy of a Computer Output device Input device Input device Network cable
Anatomy of a Mouse ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Through the Looking Glass ,[object Object],[object Object]
Opening the Box
Inside the Processor (CPU) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Inside the Processor ,[object Object]
Abstractions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The BIG Picture
A Safe Place for Data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Networks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Technology Trends ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],DRAM capacity 6,200,000,000 Ultra large scale IC 2005 2,400,000 Very large scale IC (VLSI) 1995 900 Integrated circuit (IC) 1975 35 Transistor 1965 1 Vacuum tube 1951 Relative performance/cost Technology Year
Defining Performance ,[object Object],§1.4 Performance
Response Time and Throughput ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Relative Performance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Measuring Execution Time ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CPU Clocking ,[object Object],Clock (cycles) Data transfer and computation Update state Clock period ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CPU Time ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CPU Time Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Instruction Count and CPI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CPI Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A is faster… … by this much
CPI in More Detail ,[object Object],[object Object],Relative frequency
CPI Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 1 4 IC in sequence 2 2 1 2 IC in sequence 1 3 2 1 CPI for class C B A Class
Performance Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The BIG Picture
Power Trends ,[object Object],§1.5 The Power Wall × 1000 × 30 5V -> 1V
Reducing Power ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Uniprocessor Performance §1.6 The Sea Change: The Switch to Multiprocessors Constrained by power, instruction-level parallelism, memory latency
Multiprocessors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Manufacturing ICs ,[object Object],§1.7 Real Stuff: The AMD Opteron X4
AMD Opteron X2 Wafer ,[object Object],[object Object]
Integrated Circuit Cost ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SPEC CPU Benchmark ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CINT2006 for Opteron X4 2356 High cache miss rates 6.0 6,900 1,143 0.40 2.70 1,058 XML parsing xalancbmk SPECratio Ref time Exec time Tc (ns) CPI IC ×10 9 Description Name 1.79 2.94 0.80 1.61 0.96 0.80 1.09 10.00 1.72 0.85 0.75 1,082 587 3,102 1,623 2,176 2,783 1,658 336 1,050 2,389 2,118 773 690 993 1,047 37 890 721 1,345 24 817 637 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.48 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.47 0.40 0.40 7,020 6,250 22,130 20,720 12,100 9,330 10,490 9,120 8,050 9,650 9,777 Games/path finding Discrete event simulation Video compression Quantum computer simulation Chess game (AI) Search gene sequence Go game (AI) Combinatorial optimization GNU C Compiler Block-sorting compression Interpreted string processing 11.7 9.1 9.1 22.3 19.8 14.5 10.5 14.6 6.8 11.1 11.8 15.3 Geometric mean astar omnetpp h264avc libquantum sjeng hmmer go mcf gcc bzip2 perl
SPEC Power Benchmark ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SPECpower_ssj2008 for X4 493 ∑ ssj_ops/ ∑power 2,605 1,283,590 Overall sum 141 0 0% 180 23,066 10% 206 47,126 20% 222 70,500 30% 233 920,35 40% 246 118,324 50% 256 140,160 60% 265 163,427 70% 275 185,803 80% 286 211,282 90% 295 231,867 100% Average Power (Watts) Performance (ssj_ops/sec) Target Load %
Pitfall: Amdahl’s Law ,[object Object],§1.8 Fallacies and Pitfalls ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fallacy: Low Power at Idle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pitfall: MIPS as a Performance Metric ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Concluding Remarks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],§1.9 Concluding Remarks

Empfohlen

Chapter 2 instructions language of the computer
Chapter 2 instructions language of the computerChapter 2 instructions language of the computer
Chapter 2 instructions language of the computerBATMUNHMUNHZAYA
 
Chapter 3
Chapter 3Chapter 3
Chapter 3ececourse
 
Chapter 02 instructions language of the computer
Chapter 02 instructions language of the computerChapter 02 instructions language of the computer
Chapter 02 instructions language of the computerBảo Hoang
 
Chapter 4 The Processor
Chapter 4 The ProcessorChapter 4 The Processor
Chapter 4 The Processorguest4f73554
 
Chapter 4 the processor
Chapter 4 the processorChapter 4 the processor
Chapter 4 the processors9007912
 
Chapter 5 a
Chapter 5 aChapter 5 a
Chapter 5 aececourse
 
Microprogram Control
Microprogram Control Microprogram Control
Microprogram Control Anuj Modi
 
2.computer org.
2.computer org.2.computer org.
2.computer org.Mahesh Kumar Attri
 

Empfohlen

Chapter 2 instructions language of the computer
Chapter 2 instructions language of the computerChapter 2 instructions language of the computer
Chapter 2 instructions language of the computerBATMUNHMUNHZAYA
 
Chapter 3
Chapter 3Chapter 3
Chapter 3ececourse
 
Chapter 02 instructions language of the computer
Chapter 02 instructions language of the computerChapter 02 instructions language of the computer
Chapter 02 instructions language of the computerBảo Hoang
 
Chapter 4 The Processor
Chapter 4 The ProcessorChapter 4 The Processor
Chapter 4 The Processorguest4f73554
 
Chapter 4 the processor
Chapter 4 the processorChapter 4 the processor
Chapter 4 the processors9007912
 
Chapter 5 a
Chapter 5 aChapter 5 a
Chapter 5 aececourse
 
Microprogram Control
Microprogram Control Microprogram Control
Microprogram Control Anuj Modi
 
2.computer org.
2.computer org.2.computer org.
2.computer org.Mahesh Kumar Attri
 
Chapter 03 arithmetic for computers
Chapter 03 arithmetic for computersChapter 03 arithmetic for computers
Chapter 03 arithmetic for computersBảo Hoang
 
Mips architecture
Mips architectureMips architecture
Mips architectureRashid Ahmad
 
Computer Organization and Assembly Language
Computer Organization and Assembly LanguageComputer Organization and Assembly Language
Computer Organization and Assembly Languagefasihuddin90
 
Processor Organization
Processor OrganizationProcessor Organization
Processor OrganizationDominik Salvet
 
Chapter 4 Microprocessor CPU
Chapter 4 Microprocessor CPUChapter 4 Microprocessor CPU
Chapter 4 Microprocessor CPUaskme
 
Chapter 4
Chapter 4Chapter 4
Chapter 4ececourse
 
Computer organisation -morris mano
Computer organisation -morris manoComputer organisation -morris mano
Computer organisation -morris manovishnu murthy
 
Semiconductor memory
Semiconductor memorySemiconductor memory
Semiconductor memoryThen Murugeshwari
 
Comparison of pentium processor with 80386 and 80486
Comparison of pentium processor with 80386 and 80486Comparison of pentium processor with 80386 and 80486
Comparison of pentium processor with 80386 and 80486Tech_MX
 
pipelining
pipeliningpipelining
pipeliningSiddique Ibrahim
 
Chapter 2 - Computer Evolution and Performance
Chapter 2 - Computer Evolution and PerformanceChapter 2 - Computer Evolution and Performance
Chapter 2 - Computer Evolution and PerformanceCésar de Souza
 
Mips
MipsMips
MipsStefano Salvatori
 
Computer Organisation & Architecture (chapter 1)
Computer Organisation & Architecture (chapter 1) Computer Organisation & Architecture (chapter 1)
Computer Organisation & Architecture (chapter 1) Subhasis Dash
 
Architecture of pentium family
Architecture of pentium familyArchitecture of pentium family
Architecture of pentium familyUniversity of Gujrat, Pakistan
 
Assembly Language for x86 Processors 7th Edition Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
Assembly Language for x86 Processors 7th Edition Chapter 1: Basic Concepts Assembly Language for x86 Processors 7th Edition Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
Assembly Language for x86 Processors 7th Edition Chapter 1: Basic Concepts ssuser65bfce
 
Instruction Set Architecture
Instruction Set ArchitectureInstruction Set Architecture
Instruction Set ArchitectureDilum Bandara
 
Chapter 3 - Top Level View of Computer / Function and Interconection
Chapter 3 - Top Level View of Computer / Function and InterconectionChapter 3 - Top Level View of Computer / Function and Interconection
Chapter 3 - Top Level View of Computer / Function and InterconectionCésar de Souza
 
Computer architecture
Computer architectureComputer architecture
Computer architecturesaurabh sen sky
 
Processor Organization and Architecture
Processor Organization and ArchitectureProcessor Organization and Architecture
Processor Organization and ArchitectureVinit Raut
 
Computer Organization
Computer OrganizationComputer Organization
Computer OrganizationSelvaraj Seerangan
 
slides.pdf
slides.pdfslides.pdf
slides.pdfGafryMahmoud
 
Computer architecture short note (version 8)
Computer architecture short note (version 8)Computer architecture short note (version 8)
Computer architecture short note (version 8)Nimmi Weeraddana
 

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Chapter 03 arithmetic for computers
Chapter 03 arithmetic for computersChapter 03 arithmetic for computers
Chapter 03 arithmetic for computersBảo Hoang
 
Computer Organization and Assembly Language
Computer Organization and Assembly LanguageComputer Organization and Assembly Language
Computer Organization and Assembly Languagefasihuddin90
 
Processor Organization
Processor OrganizationProcessor Organization
Processor OrganizationDominik Salvet
 
Chapter 4 Microprocessor CPU
Chapter 4 Microprocessor CPUChapter 4 Microprocessor CPU
Chapter 4 Microprocessor CPUaskme
 
Computer organisation -morris mano
Computer organisation -morris manoComputer organisation -morris mano
Computer organisation -morris manovishnu murthy
 
Comparison of pentium processor with 80386 and 80486
Comparison of pentium processor with 80386 and 80486Comparison of pentium processor with 80386 and 80486
Comparison of pentium processor with 80386 and 80486Tech_MX
 
Chapter 2 - Computer Evolution and Performance
Chapter 2 - Computer Evolution and PerformanceChapter 2 - Computer Evolution and Performance
Chapter 2 - Computer Evolution and PerformanceCésar de Souza
 
Computer Organisation & Architecture (chapter 1)
Computer Organisation & Architecture (chapter 1) Computer Organisation & Architecture (chapter 1)
Computer Organisation & Architecture (chapter 1) Subhasis Dash
 
Assembly Language for x86 Processors 7th Edition Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
Assembly Language for x86 Processors 7th Edition Chapter 1: Basic Concepts Assembly Language for x86 Processors 7th Edition Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
Assembly Language for x86 Processors 7th Edition Chapter 1: Basic Concepts ssuser65bfce
 
Instruction Set Architecture
Instruction Set ArchitectureInstruction Set Architecture
Instruction Set ArchitectureDilum Bandara
 
Chapter 3 - Top Level View of Computer / Function and Interconection
Chapter 3 - Top Level View of Computer / Function and InterconectionChapter 3 - Top Level View of Computer / Function and Interconection
Chapter 3 - Top Level View of Computer / Function and InterconectionCésar de Souza
 
Processor Organization and Architecture
Processor Organization and ArchitectureProcessor Organization and Architecture
Processor Organization and ArchitectureVinit Raut
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Chapter 03 arithmetic for computers
Chapter 03 arithmetic for computersChapter 03 arithmetic for computers
Chapter 03 arithmetic for computers
 
Mips architecture
Mips architectureMips architecture
Mips architecture
 
Computer Organization and Assembly Language
Computer Organization and Assembly LanguageComputer Organization and Assembly Language
Computer Organization and Assembly Language
 
Processor Organization
Processor OrganizationProcessor Organization
Processor Organization
 
Chapter 4 Microprocessor CPU
Chapter 4 Microprocessor CPUChapter 4 Microprocessor CPU
Chapter 4 Microprocessor CPU
 
Chapter 4
Chapter 4Chapter 4
Chapter 4
 
Computer organisation -morris mano
Computer organisation -morris manoComputer organisation -morris mano
Computer organisation -morris mano
 
Semiconductor memory
Semiconductor memorySemiconductor memory
Semiconductor memory
 
Comparison of pentium processor with 80386 and 80486
Comparison of pentium processor with 80386 and 80486Comparison of pentium processor with 80386 and 80486
Comparison of pentium processor with 80386 and 80486
 
pipelining
pipeliningpipelining
pipelining
 
Chapter 2 - Computer Evolution and Performance
Chapter 2 - Computer Evolution and PerformanceChapter 2 - Computer Evolution and Performance
Chapter 2 - Computer Evolution and Performance
 
Mips
MipsMips
Mips
 
Computer Organisation & Architecture (chapter 1)
Computer Organisation & Architecture (chapter 1) Computer Organisation & Architecture (chapter 1)
Computer Organisation & Architecture (chapter 1)
 
Architecture of pentium family
Architecture of pentium familyArchitecture of pentium family
Architecture of pentium family
 
Assembly Language for x86 Processors 7th Edition Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
Assembly Language for x86 Processors 7th Edition Chapter 1: Basic Concepts Assembly Language for x86 Processors 7th Edition Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
Assembly Language for x86 Processors 7th Edition Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
 
Instruction Set Architecture
Instruction Set ArchitectureInstruction Set Architecture
Instruction Set Architecture
 
Chapter 3 - Top Level View of Computer / Function and Interconection
Chapter 3 - Top Level View of Computer / Function and InterconectionChapter 3 - Top Level View of Computer / Function and Interconection
Chapter 3 - Top Level View of Computer / Function and Interconection
 
Computer architecture
Computer architectureComputer architecture
Computer architecture
 
Processor Organization and Architecture
Processor Organization and ArchitectureProcessor Organization and Architecture
Processor Organization and Architecture
 
Computer Organization
Computer OrganizationComputer Organization
Computer Organization
 

Ähnlich wie Chapter 1 computer abstractions and technology

Computer architecture short note (version 8)
Computer architecture short note (version 8)Computer architecture short note (version 8)
Computer architecture short note (version 8)Nimmi Weeraddana
 
Chapter_1_Computer_Abstractions_and_Tech.ppt
Chapter_1_Computer_Abstractions_and_Tech.pptChapter_1_Computer_Abstractions_and_Tech.ppt
Chapter_1_Computer_Abstractions_and_Tech.pptnivine7
 
Principles of operating system
Principles of operating systemPrinciples of operating system
Principles of operating systemAnil Dharmapuri
 
CA UNIT I PPT.ppt
CA UNIT I PPT.pptCA UNIT I PPT.ppt
CA UNIT I PPT.pptRAJESH S
 
Design of embedded systems
Design of embedded systemsDesign of embedded systems
Design of embedded systemsPradeep Kumar TS
 
Design of embedded systems tsp
Design of embedded systems tspDesign of embedded systems tsp
Design of embedded systems tspPradeep Kumar TS
 
L07_performance and cost in advanced hardware- computer architecture.pptx
L07_performance and cost in advanced hardware- computer architecture.pptxL07_performance and cost in advanced hardware- computer architecture.pptx
L07_performance and cost in advanced hardware- computer architecture.pptxIsaac383415
 
ITBIS105 6
ITBIS105 6ITBIS105 6
ITBIS105 6Suad 00
 
Components of Computer system.ppt
Components of Computer system.pptComponents of Computer system.ppt
Components of Computer system.pptRAJESH S
 
Unit i-introduction
Unit i-introductionUnit i-introduction
Unit i-introductionakruthi k
 
03. top level view of computer function & interconnection
03. top level view of computer function & interconnection03. top level view of computer function & interconnection
03. top level view of computer function & interconnectionnoman yasin
 
Computer System.ppt
Computer System.pptComputer System.ppt
Computer System.pptjguuhxxxfp
 
introduction to Microcontrollers CT8.ppt
introduction to Microcontrollers CT8.pptintroduction to Microcontrollers CT8.ppt
introduction to Microcontrollers CT8.pptcamillebaybayon
 

Ähnlich wie Chapter 1 computer abstractions and technology (20)

slides.pdf
slides.pdfslides.pdf
slides.pdf
 
Computer architecture short note (version 8)
Computer architecture short note (version 8)Computer architecture short note (version 8)
Computer architecture short note (version 8)
 
Chapter_1_Computer_Abstractions_and_Tech.ppt
Chapter_1_Computer_Abstractions_and_Tech.pptChapter_1_Computer_Abstractions_and_Tech.ppt
Chapter_1_Computer_Abstractions_and_Tech.ppt
 
Principles of operating system
Principles of operating systemPrinciples of operating system
Principles of operating system
 
CA UNIT I PPT.ppt
CA UNIT I PPT.pptCA UNIT I PPT.ppt
CA UNIT I PPT.ppt
 
Design of embedded systems
Design of embedded systemsDesign of embedded systems
Design of embedded systems
 
Design of embedded systems tsp
Design of embedded systems tspDesign of embedded systems tsp
Design of embedded systems tsp
 
Ch1
Ch1Ch1
Ch1
 
Ch1
Ch1Ch1
Ch1
 
L07_performance and cost in advanced hardware- computer architecture.pptx
L07_performance and cost in advanced hardware- computer architecture.pptxL07_performance and cost in advanced hardware- computer architecture.pptx
L07_performance and cost in advanced hardware- computer architecture.pptx
 
ITBIS105 6
ITBIS105 6ITBIS105 6
ITBIS105 6
 
Components of Computer system.ppt
Components of Computer system.pptComponents of Computer system.ppt
Components of Computer system.ppt
 
Distributed Computing
Distributed ComputingDistributed Computing
Distributed Computing
 
Unit i-introduction
Unit i-introductionUnit i-introduction
Unit i-introduction
 
03. top level view of computer function & interconnection
03. top level view of computer function & interconnection03. top level view of computer function & interconnection
03. top level view of computer function & interconnection
 
Computer System.ppt
Computer System.pptComputer System.ppt
Computer System.ppt
 
Webinaron muticoreprocessors
Webinaron muticoreprocessorsWebinaron muticoreprocessors
Webinaron muticoreprocessors
 
01.osdoc
01.osdoc01.osdoc
01.osdoc
 
introduction to Microcontrollers CT8.ppt
introduction to Microcontrollers CT8.pptintroduction to Microcontrollers CT8.ppt
introduction to Microcontrollers CT8.ppt
 
Information technology
Information technologyInformation technology
Information technology
 

Chapter 1 computer abstractions and technology

  • 1. Chapter 1 Computer Abstractions and Technology
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. Anatomy of a Computer Output device Input device Input device Network cable
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34. Uniprocessor Performance §1.6 The Sea Change: The Switch to Multiprocessors Constrained by power, instruction-level parallelism, memory latency
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40. CINT2006 for Opteron X4 2356 High cache miss rates 6.0 6,900 1,143 0.40 2.70 1,058 XML parsing xalancbmk SPECratio Ref time Exec time Tc (ns) CPI IC ×10 9 Description Name 1.79 2.94 0.80 1.61 0.96 0.80 1.09 10.00 1.72 0.85 0.75 1,082 587 3,102 1,623 2,176 2,783 1,658 336 1,050 2,389 2,118 773 690 993 1,047 37 890 721 1,345 24 817 637 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.48 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.47 0.40 0.40 7,020 6,250 22,130 20,720 12,100 9,330 10,490 9,120 8,050 9,650 9,777 Games/path finding Discrete event simulation Video compression Quantum computer simulation Chess game (AI) Search gene sequence Go game (AI) Combinatorial optimization GNU C Compiler Block-sorting compression Interpreted string processing 11.7 9.1 9.1 22.3 19.8 14.5 10.5 14.6 6.8 11.1 11.8 15.3 Geometric mean astar omnetpp h264avc libquantum sjeng hmmer go mcf gcc bzip2 perl
  • 41.
  • 42. SPECpower_ssj2008 for X4 493 ∑ ssj_ops/ ∑power 2,605 1,283,590 Overall sum 141 0 0% 180 23,066 10% 206 47,126 20% 222 70,500 30% 233 920,35 40% 246 118,324 50% 256 140,160 60% 265 163,427 70% 275 185,803 80% 286 211,282 90% 295 231,867 100% Average Power (Watts) Performance (ssj_ops/sec) Target Load %
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.