SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 19
MBB611/607 MEDICAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY/APPLIED
BIOTECHNOLOGY
ASSIGNMENT AND SEMINARS
TOPIC3: MICROBIOME SIGNATURE
AND APPLICATION
STUDENT NAME: BARAKA L NGINGO
Msc one health molecular biology
REG NUMBER: MOH/D/2018/0041
INSTRUCTOR: Prof MACHANGU R.
1
Outline
Introduction
 Microbiota Microbiome and
Microbiome signature
Review on microbiota and microbiome
Microbiome roles or applications
How to study microbiome
Conclusion
2
Introduction
• Definitions
Microbiota: collective microorganisms
residing in an environmental niche.
Microbiome 1: the collective genome of
the microbiota
Microbiome 2: microorganisms that,
under normal conditions, exist in
symbiotic and pathogenic harmony with
their host or environment.
‘‘ Microbiota is largely synonymous to
microbiome’’ 3
Human microbiome
4
SOURCE: GOOGLE IMAGES
Example: The gut microbiome means
collective genome of microbes inhabiting
the gut including bacteria, archaea,
viruses, and fungi.
Microbiome signatures are set of genes,
proteins or other variables that can be
used as a marker for particular
microbiota.
Eg 16s rRNA, molecular barcode genes
5
Microbiome anatomical sites,
dominant phyla and linked effect
6SOURCE: GOOGLE IMAGE
The gastrointestinal microbiome
 Characteristics
• 1014 microorganisms (~1012/ml)
• Approximately 10 times more than human cells
• Collective genome (microbiome): 4 × 106 genes
• Between 300-1000 unique species
• Mostly bacteria, but also fungi, protozoa and
archaea
 Considered to be ‘‘the forgotten organ’’
• Important metabolic activities
• Eg. Fermentation, vitamin synthesis, bile acid
breakdown
• Emerging evidence of key role in host immune
function 7
Microbiome cont.
The colonization of the intestine begins
at birth and influenced by vaginal or C-
section birth.
Microbiota changes with exposure to
various environmental factors during
maturation.
8
Microbiome cont.
Each individual has a unique microbiota,
though approximately one-third of the species
are common across most humans.
Human microbiome are influenced by hygiene,
diet, geographical locations, and host
genotype, antibiotics, sex hormones and age.
The microbiota has coevolved with the human
body and is critical to human health
9
The gastrointestinal microbiome: Role
in health and disease
 Metabolism
• Fermentation, vitamin synthesis
 Suppression of pathogenic microbes
• Eg. Clostridium difficile managed by competitive exclusion
 Host immune function
• Key to development and function of mucosal immune
system
• Expression of host toll like receptors, important for host
repair of injury inducive damage (eg radiation)
• Modulation of immune system during development to
prevent allergies
 Regulation of intestinal endocrine functions
10
The gastrointestinal microbiome: Role
in health and disease cont.
 Emerging evidence for
complex role in disease
states
• Changes in the gut
microbiome have been
linked to inflammatory
bowel disease (IBD),
obesity, type 2 diabetes,
aging, cancer, Tumor
formation, Colitis and
Mood/Cognitive
disorders
11
Microbiome and inflammation
12
SOURCE: Taneja, V. (2017). Microbiome. Principles of Gender-Specific
Medicine, 569–583. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803506-1.00027-9
How to study the microbiome
 1. Culture dependent microbiology
• Culturing and DNA sequencing by Sanger (1977) using
SSU rRNA genes
 2.Culture independent approach microbiology
• Without culturing (anaerobic microbiota has been
difficult to culture)
• Use of metagenomics and other omics approaches
without culturing (unculturable bacteria)
• Went beyond use of SSU rRNA and molecular barcode
genes into whole genome sequencing
13
16s based Vs shotgun metagenomics
approach
14
SOURCE: GOOGLE IMAGES
How to study the microbiome cont.
 Main tool is high throughput DNA sequencing
technology
 DNA extracted, sequenced, identified and then
cross referenced to inter taxonomy and/or
function
15SOURCE: GOOGLE IMAGES
16SOURCE: GOOGLE IMAGES
Conclusion
A combination of omics data including
metagenomic, metabolomic,
transcriptomic, and proteomics will help
define types and the function of the gut
microbiome in link with nature of
disease.
Can also be used is assessment of health
status, studying coevolution and
forecasting health of an individuals
17
References
 Edward ishiguro, Natasha Haskey and Kristina Campbell
(2018) Chapter 1. An overview of the human
microbiome.ISBN 9780128105412. Page 1-16
 Handelsman, J., 2004. Metagenomics: application of
genomics to uncultured microorganisms. Microbiol. Mol. Biol.
Rev. 68 (4), 669–685. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15590779.
 Taneja, V. (2017). Microbiome. Principles of Gender-Specific
Medicine, 569–583. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803506-1.00027-
9
 Veena Taneja, (2017). Microbiome in Principles of Gender-
Specific Medicine (Third Edition),
 Yongqun He. (2015). Bacterial Whole-Genome Determination
and Applications, in Molecular Medical Microbiology (Second
Edition),
18
19THANK YOU FOR LISTERNING

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

The gut microbiota—a clinical perspective on lessons learned
The gut microbiota—a clinical perspective on lessons learnedThe gut microbiota—a clinical perspective on lessons learned
The gut microbiota—a clinical perspective on lessons learnedAlfonso Enrique Islas Rodríguez
 
Microbiome Initiatives and Resources
Microbiome Initiatives and ResourcesMicrobiome Initiatives and Resources
Microbiome Initiatives and Resources uchicagotech
 
Statins Talk 2009
Statins Talk 2009Statins Talk 2009
Statins Talk 2009rhondagarza
 
Human Microbiome Project (HMP)
Human Microbiome Project (HMP)Human Microbiome Project (HMP)
Human Microbiome Project (HMP)christina163032
 
Hervé Blottiere-El impacto de las ciencias ómicas en la medicina, la nutrició...
Hervé Blottiere-El impacto de las ciencias ómicas en la medicina, la nutrició...Hervé Blottiere-El impacto de las ciencias ómicas en la medicina, la nutrició...
Hervé Blottiere-El impacto de las ciencias ómicas en la medicina, la nutrició...Fundación Ramón Areces
 
Lepidopteran gut microflora
Lepidopteran gut microfloraLepidopteran gut microflora
Lepidopteran gut microfloraGadad H S
 
Gut microbiome obesity nafld
Gut microbiome obesity nafldGut microbiome obesity nafld
Gut microbiome obesity nafldjoannayeh
 
B.sc. (micro) i em unit 1.4 pro & euk org
B.sc. (micro) i em unit 1.4 pro & euk orgB.sc. (micro) i em unit 1.4 pro & euk org
B.sc. (micro) i em unit 1.4 pro & euk orgRai University
 
System and synthetic biology
System and synthetic biologySystem and synthetic biology
System and synthetic biologyGauravAugustine
 
Ajayasree T. S. Seminar ppt (Microbiome engineering)
Ajayasree T. S. Seminar ppt (Microbiome engineering)Ajayasree T. S. Seminar ppt (Microbiome engineering)
Ajayasree T. S. Seminar ppt (Microbiome engineering)Ajayasree TS
 
Explore the cell's role in mediating adverse reactions
Explore the cell's role in mediating adverse reactionsExplore the cell's role in mediating adverse reactions
Explore the cell's role in mediating adverse reactionsCell Science Systems
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Newsletter IMODI #1 - July 2016
Newsletter IMODI #1 - July 2016Newsletter IMODI #1 - July 2016
Newsletter IMODI #1 - July 2016
 
The gut microbiota—a clinical perspective on lessons learned
The gut microbiota—a clinical perspective on lessons learnedThe gut microbiota—a clinical perspective on lessons learned
The gut microbiota—a clinical perspective on lessons learned
 
Microbiome Initiatives and Resources
Microbiome Initiatives and ResourcesMicrobiome Initiatives and Resources
Microbiome Initiatives and Resources
 
Statins Talk 2009
Statins Talk 2009Statins Talk 2009
Statins Talk 2009
 
Human Microbiome Project (HMP)
Human Microbiome Project (HMP)Human Microbiome Project (HMP)
Human Microbiome Project (HMP)
 
Hervé Blottiere-El impacto de las ciencias ómicas en la medicina, la nutrició...
Hervé Blottiere-El impacto de las ciencias ómicas en la medicina, la nutrició...Hervé Blottiere-El impacto de las ciencias ómicas en la medicina, la nutrició...
Hervé Blottiere-El impacto de las ciencias ómicas en la medicina, la nutrició...
 
Lepidopteran gut microflora
Lepidopteran gut microfloraLepidopteran gut microflora
Lepidopteran gut microflora
 
My microbiome and me
My microbiome and meMy microbiome and me
My microbiome and me
 
Metagenomics
MetagenomicsMetagenomics
Metagenomics
 
Gut microbiome obesity nafld
Gut microbiome obesity nafldGut microbiome obesity nafld
Gut microbiome obesity nafld
 
B.sc. (micro) i em unit 1.4 pro & euk org
B.sc. (micro) i em unit 1.4 pro & euk orgB.sc. (micro) i em unit 1.4 pro & euk org
B.sc. (micro) i em unit 1.4 pro & euk org
 
Nature10213
Nature10213Nature10213
Nature10213
 
Microbiome
MicrobiomeMicrobiome
Microbiome
 
System and synthetic biology
System and synthetic biologySystem and synthetic biology
System and synthetic biology
 
Metagenomic
MetagenomicMetagenomic
Metagenomic
 
Gut microbiota for health: lessons of a metagenomic scan (by Joel Doré)
Gut microbiota for health: lessons of a metagenomic scan (by Joel Doré)Gut microbiota for health: lessons of a metagenomic scan (by Joel Doré)
Gut microbiota for health: lessons of a metagenomic scan (by Joel Doré)
 
Gut Microbiome Presentation
Gut Microbiome PresentationGut Microbiome Presentation
Gut Microbiome Presentation
 
Poster Final Final Draft
Poster Final Final DraftPoster Final Final Draft
Poster Final Final Draft
 
Ajayasree T. S. Seminar ppt (Microbiome engineering)
Ajayasree T. S. Seminar ppt (Microbiome engineering)Ajayasree T. S. Seminar ppt (Microbiome engineering)
Ajayasree T. S. Seminar ppt (Microbiome engineering)
 
Explore the cell's role in mediating adverse reactions
Explore the cell's role in mediating adverse reactionsExplore the cell's role in mediating adverse reactions
Explore the cell's role in mediating adverse reactions
 

Ähnlich wie Microbiome Signatures and Applications

Major fields of Microbiology.pptx
Major fields of Microbiology.pptxMajor fields of Microbiology.pptx
Major fields of Microbiology.pptxjibrilmoisak
 
Epigenetics, the microbiome and the environment
Epigenetics, the microbiome and the environmentEpigenetics, the microbiome and the environment
Epigenetics, the microbiome and the environmentfathi neana
 
Bio341 bacteriology course outline
Bio341 bacteriology course outlineBio341 bacteriology course outline
Bio341 bacteriology course outlineDerrick Banda
 
Iuns 5th yogurt summit 2017 - yini - sharon donovan
Iuns   5th yogurt summit 2017 - yini - sharon donovanIuns   5th yogurt summit 2017 - yini - sharon donovan
Iuns 5th yogurt summit 2017 - yini - sharon donovanYogurt in Nutrition #YINI
 
SCOPE OF MICROBIOLOGY (Aquib Raza).pptx
SCOPE OF MICROBIOLOGY (Aquib Raza).pptxSCOPE OF MICROBIOLOGY (Aquib Raza).pptx
SCOPE OF MICROBIOLOGY (Aquib Raza).pptxAquibRaz
 
U-1. Microbiology as Applied Science.pptx
U-1. Microbiology as Applied Science.pptxU-1. Microbiology as Applied Science.pptx
U-1. Microbiology as Applied Science.pptxDessalegnAlehegn1
 
Scope Of Microbiology
Scope Of MicrobiologyScope Of Microbiology
Scope Of MicrobiologyMahendharanR
 
Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Immune Response
Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Immune ResponseMicrobial Pathogenesis and Host Immune Response
Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Immune ResponseQIAGEN
 
Microbiology Medical Subject Department Development - www.biomed.fit
Microbiology Medical Subject Department Development - www.biomed.fitMicrobiology Medical Subject Department Development - www.biomed.fit
Microbiology Medical Subject Department Development - www.biomed.fitBiomed Fit
 
Bacterial cultures in food
Bacterial cultures in foodBacterial cultures in food
Bacterial cultures in foodssusere49174
 
presentation write up (1).pdf
presentation write up (1).pdfpresentation write up (1).pdf
presentation write up (1).pdfNEWGENERATIONS1
 
Food Microbiology
Food MicrobiologyFood Microbiology
Food Microbiologyijtsrd
 
Gut microbiota in health and disease
Gut microbiota in health and disease  Gut microbiota in health and disease
Gut microbiota in health and disease Monkez M Yousif
 
microbiomes.pptx
microbiomes.pptxmicrobiomes.pptx
microbiomes.pptxSandyImo
 
Presentation1 of microbiology (2).pptx
Presentation1 of microbiology   (2).pptxPresentation1 of microbiology   (2).pptx
Presentation1 of microbiology (2).pptxdawitg2
 
Dm e obesidade manipulação da flora intestinal
Dm e obesidade manipulação da flora intestinal Dm e obesidade manipulação da flora intestinal
Dm e obesidade manipulação da flora intestinal Ruy Pantoja
 
Cell free culture supernatant of bifidobacterium breve cncm i-4035 decreases ...
Cell free culture supernatant of bifidobacterium breve cncm i-4035 decreases ...Cell free culture supernatant of bifidobacterium breve cncm i-4035 decreases ...
Cell free culture supernatant of bifidobacterium breve cncm i-4035 decreases ...Alfonso Enrique Islas Rodríguez
 
Buy Best Microbiology Assignment Help From onlinecollegehomeworkhelp.pdf
Buy Best Microbiology Assignment Help From onlinecollegehomeworkhelp.pdfBuy Best Microbiology Assignment Help From onlinecollegehomeworkhelp.pdf
Buy Best Microbiology Assignment Help From onlinecollegehomeworkhelp.pdfseoservicesit
 

Ähnlich wie Microbiome Signatures and Applications (20)

Dysbiosis
DysbiosisDysbiosis
Dysbiosis
 
Major fields of Microbiology.pptx
Major fields of Microbiology.pptxMajor fields of Microbiology.pptx
Major fields of Microbiology.pptx
 
Epigenetics, the microbiome and the environment
Epigenetics, the microbiome and the environmentEpigenetics, the microbiome and the environment
Epigenetics, the microbiome and the environment
 
Bio341 bacteriology course outline
Bio341 bacteriology course outlineBio341 bacteriology course outline
Bio341 bacteriology course outline
 
Iuns 5th yogurt summit 2017 - yini - sharon donovan
Iuns   5th yogurt summit 2017 - yini - sharon donovanIuns   5th yogurt summit 2017 - yini - sharon donovan
Iuns 5th yogurt summit 2017 - yini - sharon donovan
 
SCOPE OF MICROBIOLOGY (Aquib Raza).pptx
SCOPE OF MICROBIOLOGY (Aquib Raza).pptxSCOPE OF MICROBIOLOGY (Aquib Raza).pptx
SCOPE OF MICROBIOLOGY (Aquib Raza).pptx
 
U-1. Microbiology as Applied Science.pptx
U-1. Microbiology as Applied Science.pptxU-1. Microbiology as Applied Science.pptx
U-1. Microbiology as Applied Science.pptx
 
Scope Of Microbiology
Scope Of MicrobiologyScope Of Microbiology
Scope Of Microbiology
 
Human Gut Mycobiota
Human Gut MycobiotaHuman Gut Mycobiota
Human Gut Mycobiota
 
Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Immune Response
Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Immune ResponseMicrobial Pathogenesis and Host Immune Response
Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Immune Response
 
Microbiology Medical Subject Department Development - www.biomed.fit
Microbiology Medical Subject Department Development - www.biomed.fitMicrobiology Medical Subject Department Development - www.biomed.fit
Microbiology Medical Subject Department Development - www.biomed.fit
 
Bacterial cultures in food
Bacterial cultures in foodBacterial cultures in food
Bacterial cultures in food
 
presentation write up (1).pdf
presentation write up (1).pdfpresentation write up (1).pdf
presentation write up (1).pdf
 
Food Microbiology
Food MicrobiologyFood Microbiology
Food Microbiology
 
Gut microbiota in health and disease
Gut microbiota in health and disease  Gut microbiota in health and disease
Gut microbiota in health and disease
 
microbiomes.pptx
microbiomes.pptxmicrobiomes.pptx
microbiomes.pptx
 
Presentation1 of microbiology (2).pptx
Presentation1 of microbiology   (2).pptxPresentation1 of microbiology   (2).pptx
Presentation1 of microbiology (2).pptx
 
Dm e obesidade manipulação da flora intestinal
Dm e obesidade manipulação da flora intestinal Dm e obesidade manipulação da flora intestinal
Dm e obesidade manipulação da flora intestinal
 
Cell free culture supernatant of bifidobacterium breve cncm i-4035 decreases ...
Cell free culture supernatant of bifidobacterium breve cncm i-4035 decreases ...Cell free culture supernatant of bifidobacterium breve cncm i-4035 decreases ...
Cell free culture supernatant of bifidobacterium breve cncm i-4035 decreases ...
 
Buy Best Microbiology Assignment Help From onlinecollegehomeworkhelp.pdf
Buy Best Microbiology Assignment Help From onlinecollegehomeworkhelp.pdfBuy Best Microbiology Assignment Help From onlinecollegehomeworkhelp.pdf
Buy Best Microbiology Assignment Help From onlinecollegehomeworkhelp.pdf
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

A relative description on Sonoporation.pdf
A relative description on Sonoporation.pdfA relative description on Sonoporation.pdf
A relative description on Sonoporation.pdfnehabiju2046
 
Animal Communication- Auditory and Visual.pptx
Animal Communication- Auditory and Visual.pptxAnimal Communication- Auditory and Visual.pptx
Animal Communication- Auditory and Visual.pptxUmerFayaz5
 
Cultivation of KODO MILLET . made by Ghanshyam pptx
Cultivation of KODO MILLET . made by Ghanshyam pptxCultivation of KODO MILLET . made by Ghanshyam pptx
Cultivation of KODO MILLET . made by Ghanshyam pptxpradhanghanshyam7136
 
Work, Energy and Power for class 10 ICSE Physics
Work, Energy and Power for class 10 ICSE PhysicsWork, Energy and Power for class 10 ICSE Physics
Work, Energy and Power for class 10 ICSE Physicsvishikhakeshava1
 
Nanoparticles synthesis and characterization​ ​
Nanoparticles synthesis and characterization​  ​Nanoparticles synthesis and characterization​  ​
Nanoparticles synthesis and characterization​ ​kaibalyasahoo82800
 
Analytical Profile of Coleus Forskohlii | Forskolin .pdf
Analytical Profile of Coleus Forskohlii | Forskolin .pdfAnalytical Profile of Coleus Forskohlii | Forskolin .pdf
Analytical Profile of Coleus Forskohlii | Forskolin .pdfSwapnil Therkar
 
STERILITY TESTING OF PHARMACEUTICALS ppt by DR.C.P.PRINCE
STERILITY TESTING OF PHARMACEUTICALS ppt by DR.C.P.PRINCESTERILITY TESTING OF PHARMACEUTICALS ppt by DR.C.P.PRINCE
STERILITY TESTING OF PHARMACEUTICALS ppt by DR.C.P.PRINCEPRINCE C P
 
Unlocking the Potential: Deep dive into ocean of Ceramic Magnets.pptx
Unlocking  the Potential: Deep dive into ocean of Ceramic Magnets.pptxUnlocking  the Potential: Deep dive into ocean of Ceramic Magnets.pptx
Unlocking the Potential: Deep dive into ocean of Ceramic Magnets.pptxanandsmhk
 
Biological Classification BioHack (3).pdf
Biological Classification BioHack (3).pdfBiological Classification BioHack (3).pdf
Biological Classification BioHack (3).pdfmuntazimhurra
 
Biopesticide (2).pptx .This slides helps to know the different types of biop...
Biopesticide (2).pptx  .This slides helps to know the different types of biop...Biopesticide (2).pptx  .This slides helps to know the different types of biop...
Biopesticide (2).pptx .This slides helps to know the different types of biop...RohitNehra6
 
Call Us ≽ 9953322196 ≼ Call Girls In Mukherjee Nagar(Delhi) |
Call Us ≽ 9953322196 ≼ Call Girls In Mukherjee Nagar(Delhi) |Call Us ≽ 9953322196 ≼ Call Girls In Mukherjee Nagar(Delhi) |
Call Us ≽ 9953322196 ≼ Call Girls In Mukherjee Nagar(Delhi) |aasikanpl
 
Labelling Requirements and Label Claims for Dietary Supplements and Recommend...
Labelling Requirements and Label Claims for Dietary Supplements and Recommend...Labelling Requirements and Label Claims for Dietary Supplements and Recommend...
Labelling Requirements and Label Claims for Dietary Supplements and Recommend...Lokesh Kothari
 
Types of different blotting techniques.pptx
Types of different blotting techniques.pptxTypes of different blotting techniques.pptx
Types of different blotting techniques.pptxkhadijarafiq2012
 
Recombinant DNA technology (Immunological screening)
Recombinant DNA technology (Immunological screening)Recombinant DNA technology (Immunological screening)
Recombinant DNA technology (Immunological screening)PraveenaKalaiselvan1
 
Botany 4th semester file By Sumit Kumar yadav.pdf
Botany 4th semester file By Sumit Kumar yadav.pdfBotany 4th semester file By Sumit Kumar yadav.pdf
Botany 4th semester file By Sumit Kumar yadav.pdfSumit Kumar yadav
 
Natural Polymer Based Nanomaterials
Natural Polymer Based NanomaterialsNatural Polymer Based Nanomaterials
Natural Polymer Based NanomaterialsAArockiyaNisha
 
Raman spectroscopy.pptx M Pharm, M Sc, Advanced Spectral Analysis
Raman spectroscopy.pptx M Pharm, M Sc, Advanced Spectral AnalysisRaman spectroscopy.pptx M Pharm, M Sc, Advanced Spectral Analysis
Raman spectroscopy.pptx M Pharm, M Sc, Advanced Spectral AnalysisDiwakar Mishra
 
Disentangling the origin of chemical differences using GHOST
Disentangling the origin of chemical differences using GHOSTDisentangling the origin of chemical differences using GHOST
Disentangling the origin of chemical differences using GHOSTSérgio Sacani
 
Spermiogenesis or Spermateleosis or metamorphosis of spermatid
Spermiogenesis or Spermateleosis or metamorphosis of spermatidSpermiogenesis or Spermateleosis or metamorphosis of spermatid
Spermiogenesis or Spermateleosis or metamorphosis of spermatidSarthak Sekhar Mondal
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

A relative description on Sonoporation.pdf
A relative description on Sonoporation.pdfA relative description on Sonoporation.pdf
A relative description on Sonoporation.pdf
 
Animal Communication- Auditory and Visual.pptx
Animal Communication- Auditory and Visual.pptxAnimal Communication- Auditory and Visual.pptx
Animal Communication- Auditory and Visual.pptx
 
Cultivation of KODO MILLET . made by Ghanshyam pptx
Cultivation of KODO MILLET . made by Ghanshyam pptxCultivation of KODO MILLET . made by Ghanshyam pptx
Cultivation of KODO MILLET . made by Ghanshyam pptx
 
Work, Energy and Power for class 10 ICSE Physics
Work, Energy and Power for class 10 ICSE PhysicsWork, Energy and Power for class 10 ICSE Physics
Work, Energy and Power for class 10 ICSE Physics
 
Nanoparticles synthesis and characterization​ ​
Nanoparticles synthesis and characterization​  ​Nanoparticles synthesis and characterization​  ​
Nanoparticles synthesis and characterization​ ​
 
Analytical Profile of Coleus Forskohlii | Forskolin .pdf
Analytical Profile of Coleus Forskohlii | Forskolin .pdfAnalytical Profile of Coleus Forskohlii | Forskolin .pdf
Analytical Profile of Coleus Forskohlii | Forskolin .pdf
 
STERILITY TESTING OF PHARMACEUTICALS ppt by DR.C.P.PRINCE
STERILITY TESTING OF PHARMACEUTICALS ppt by DR.C.P.PRINCESTERILITY TESTING OF PHARMACEUTICALS ppt by DR.C.P.PRINCE
STERILITY TESTING OF PHARMACEUTICALS ppt by DR.C.P.PRINCE
 
Unlocking the Potential: Deep dive into ocean of Ceramic Magnets.pptx
Unlocking  the Potential: Deep dive into ocean of Ceramic Magnets.pptxUnlocking  the Potential: Deep dive into ocean of Ceramic Magnets.pptx
Unlocking the Potential: Deep dive into ocean of Ceramic Magnets.pptx
 
Biological Classification BioHack (3).pdf
Biological Classification BioHack (3).pdfBiological Classification BioHack (3).pdf
Biological Classification BioHack (3).pdf
 
Biopesticide (2).pptx .This slides helps to know the different types of biop...
Biopesticide (2).pptx  .This slides helps to know the different types of biop...Biopesticide (2).pptx  .This slides helps to know the different types of biop...
Biopesticide (2).pptx .This slides helps to know the different types of biop...
 
Call Us ≽ 9953322196 ≼ Call Girls In Mukherjee Nagar(Delhi) |
Call Us ≽ 9953322196 ≼ Call Girls In Mukherjee Nagar(Delhi) |Call Us ≽ 9953322196 ≼ Call Girls In Mukherjee Nagar(Delhi) |
Call Us ≽ 9953322196 ≼ Call Girls In Mukherjee Nagar(Delhi) |
 
CELL -Structural and Functional unit of life.pdf
CELL -Structural and Functional unit of life.pdfCELL -Structural and Functional unit of life.pdf
CELL -Structural and Functional unit of life.pdf
 
Labelling Requirements and Label Claims for Dietary Supplements and Recommend...
Labelling Requirements and Label Claims for Dietary Supplements and Recommend...Labelling Requirements and Label Claims for Dietary Supplements and Recommend...
Labelling Requirements and Label Claims for Dietary Supplements and Recommend...
 
Types of different blotting techniques.pptx
Types of different blotting techniques.pptxTypes of different blotting techniques.pptx
Types of different blotting techniques.pptx
 
Recombinant DNA technology (Immunological screening)
Recombinant DNA technology (Immunological screening)Recombinant DNA technology (Immunological screening)
Recombinant DNA technology (Immunological screening)
 
Botany 4th semester file By Sumit Kumar yadav.pdf
Botany 4th semester file By Sumit Kumar yadav.pdfBotany 4th semester file By Sumit Kumar yadav.pdf
Botany 4th semester file By Sumit Kumar yadav.pdf
 
Natural Polymer Based Nanomaterials
Natural Polymer Based NanomaterialsNatural Polymer Based Nanomaterials
Natural Polymer Based Nanomaterials
 
Raman spectroscopy.pptx M Pharm, M Sc, Advanced Spectral Analysis
Raman spectroscopy.pptx M Pharm, M Sc, Advanced Spectral AnalysisRaman spectroscopy.pptx M Pharm, M Sc, Advanced Spectral Analysis
Raman spectroscopy.pptx M Pharm, M Sc, Advanced Spectral Analysis
 
Disentangling the origin of chemical differences using GHOST
Disentangling the origin of chemical differences using GHOSTDisentangling the origin of chemical differences using GHOST
Disentangling the origin of chemical differences using GHOST
 
Spermiogenesis or Spermateleosis or metamorphosis of spermatid
Spermiogenesis or Spermateleosis or metamorphosis of spermatidSpermiogenesis or Spermateleosis or metamorphosis of spermatid
Spermiogenesis or Spermateleosis or metamorphosis of spermatid
 

Microbiome Signatures and Applications

  • 1. MBB611/607 MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY/APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY ASSIGNMENT AND SEMINARS TOPIC3: MICROBIOME SIGNATURE AND APPLICATION STUDENT NAME: BARAKA L NGINGO Msc one health molecular biology REG NUMBER: MOH/D/2018/0041 INSTRUCTOR: Prof MACHANGU R. 1
  • 2. Outline Introduction  Microbiota Microbiome and Microbiome signature Review on microbiota and microbiome Microbiome roles or applications How to study microbiome Conclusion 2
  • 3. Introduction • Definitions Microbiota: collective microorganisms residing in an environmental niche. Microbiome 1: the collective genome of the microbiota Microbiome 2: microorganisms that, under normal conditions, exist in symbiotic and pathogenic harmony with their host or environment. ‘‘ Microbiota is largely synonymous to microbiome’’ 3
  • 5. Example: The gut microbiome means collective genome of microbes inhabiting the gut including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. Microbiome signatures are set of genes, proteins or other variables that can be used as a marker for particular microbiota. Eg 16s rRNA, molecular barcode genes 5
  • 6. Microbiome anatomical sites, dominant phyla and linked effect 6SOURCE: GOOGLE IMAGE
  • 7. The gastrointestinal microbiome  Characteristics • 1014 microorganisms (~1012/ml) • Approximately 10 times more than human cells • Collective genome (microbiome): 4 × 106 genes • Between 300-1000 unique species • Mostly bacteria, but also fungi, protozoa and archaea  Considered to be ‘‘the forgotten organ’’ • Important metabolic activities • Eg. Fermentation, vitamin synthesis, bile acid breakdown • Emerging evidence of key role in host immune function 7
  • 8. Microbiome cont. The colonization of the intestine begins at birth and influenced by vaginal or C- section birth. Microbiota changes with exposure to various environmental factors during maturation. 8
  • 9. Microbiome cont. Each individual has a unique microbiota, though approximately one-third of the species are common across most humans. Human microbiome are influenced by hygiene, diet, geographical locations, and host genotype, antibiotics, sex hormones and age. The microbiota has coevolved with the human body and is critical to human health 9
  • 10. The gastrointestinal microbiome: Role in health and disease  Metabolism • Fermentation, vitamin synthesis  Suppression of pathogenic microbes • Eg. Clostridium difficile managed by competitive exclusion  Host immune function • Key to development and function of mucosal immune system • Expression of host toll like receptors, important for host repair of injury inducive damage (eg radiation) • Modulation of immune system during development to prevent allergies  Regulation of intestinal endocrine functions 10
  • 11. The gastrointestinal microbiome: Role in health and disease cont.  Emerging evidence for complex role in disease states • Changes in the gut microbiome have been linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, type 2 diabetes, aging, cancer, Tumor formation, Colitis and Mood/Cognitive disorders 11
  • 12. Microbiome and inflammation 12 SOURCE: Taneja, V. (2017). Microbiome. Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine, 569–583. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803506-1.00027-9
  • 13. How to study the microbiome  1. Culture dependent microbiology • Culturing and DNA sequencing by Sanger (1977) using SSU rRNA genes  2.Culture independent approach microbiology • Without culturing (anaerobic microbiota has been difficult to culture) • Use of metagenomics and other omics approaches without culturing (unculturable bacteria) • Went beyond use of SSU rRNA and molecular barcode genes into whole genome sequencing 13
  • 14. 16s based Vs shotgun metagenomics approach 14 SOURCE: GOOGLE IMAGES
  • 15. How to study the microbiome cont.  Main tool is high throughput DNA sequencing technology  DNA extracted, sequenced, identified and then cross referenced to inter taxonomy and/or function 15SOURCE: GOOGLE IMAGES
  • 17. Conclusion A combination of omics data including metagenomic, metabolomic, transcriptomic, and proteomics will help define types and the function of the gut microbiome in link with nature of disease. Can also be used is assessment of health status, studying coevolution and forecasting health of an individuals 17
  • 18. References  Edward ishiguro, Natasha Haskey and Kristina Campbell (2018) Chapter 1. An overview of the human microbiome.ISBN 9780128105412. Page 1-16  Handelsman, J., 2004. Metagenomics: application of genomics to uncultured microorganisms. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 68 (4), 669–685. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15590779.  Taneja, V. (2017). Microbiome. Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine, 569–583. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803506-1.00027- 9  Veena Taneja, (2017). Microbiome in Principles of Gender- Specific Medicine (Third Edition),  Yongqun He. (2015). Bacterial Whole-Genome Determination and Applications, in Molecular Medical Microbiology (Second Edition), 18
  • 19. 19THANK YOU FOR LISTERNING