عرتقديمي

2.  Earth Science: Earth in Space and Time
The identification and comparison of common objects in the sky begins the study of Earth in space. Through long term
observations of the sun and moon, students identify patterns in movement and collect data to summarize information
regarding the orbit of the Earth around the sun, and the moon around the Earth. Models and activities provide the tools
to demonstrate the orbits and explain the predictable cycle of one month in the phases of the moon, and day and night
as the apparent movement of the sun and moon across the sky.
Students explore the history of the Earth through evidence from fossils and compare fossils of life forms with organisms
that exist today.
The underlying theme within the physical, life, and Earth science is energy and specifically energy from the sun.
Students can make connections between the heat and light energy from the sun and the dependency of all living things
on the sun.
K-7 Standard L.EV: Develop an understanding that plants and animals have observable parts and characteristics that
help them survive and flourish in their environments. Understand that fossils provide evidence that life forms have
changed over time and were influenced by changes in environmental conditions. Understand that life forms either
change (evolve) over time or risk extinction due to environamental changes
and describe how scientists identify the relatedness of various organisms based on similarities in anatomical features.
K-7 Standard E.ST: Develop an understanding that the sun is the central and largest body in the solar system and that
Earth and other objects in the sky move in a regular and predictable motion around the sun. Understand that those
motions explain the day, year, moon phases, eclipses, and the appearance of
motion of objects across the sky. Understand that gravity is the force that keeps the planets in orbit around the sun and
governs motion in the solar system.
Develop an understanding that fossils and layers of Earth provide evidence of the history of Earth’s life forms, changes
over long periods
E.ST.E.3 Fossils- Fossils provide evidence about the plants and animals that lived long ago and the nature of the
environment at that time.
E.ST.04.31 Explain how fossils provide evidence of the history of the Earth.
E.ST.04.32 Compare and contrast life forms found in fossils and organisms that exist today.

3. Today you will have your first taste of what
life was like before you. It hasn’t always
been a life of fast food, computers, and
cars. Believe it or not there was a time
when schools, stores, and sports didn’t
even exist! Another species that is now
extinct, roamed and ruled the earth. A
species called Dinosaurs. So
become the best paleontologist you can be
and come with an open, ready mind to learn
about the time of the dinosaurs, the
dinosaurs themselves, and how we even
know they existed!

4. Modern
Lizard
Dinosaur

5.  The Dinosaurs began ruling the earth
about 245 Million years ago during the
Mesozoic Era. The dinosaurs ran the
planet during the Triassic, Jurassic,
and Cretaceous time periods.

6. When the dinosaurs roamed there were no houses, stores, cars,
people, buildings, roads, phones or even mail! They lived in a world
where it was full of nature and nothing but nature. There were many
, many trees and ferns The climate was tropical and warm,
different than what we know today. There has not been any
concrete evidence found that suggest humans and dinosaurs
existed together.

7. 1. Herbivore-
Only eats
plants
2. Carnivore-
Only eats
meat
3. Omnivore- Eats
both plants
and
meat.
Back to the Quiz!

8. Also know as the T-Rex or the
Tarbosaurus, the Tyrannosaurus Rex is
one of the most notorious and feared
carnivores but are classified by
scientist as more of a scavenger. They
are bi-pedal meaning they walk on two
thick, muscular legs and feet. They
have two other small short limbs on
their upper body, you may recognize
them as arms. Their running speed
averaged between 25 -45 mph. Their
average height was 23 feet with an
average length of 42 feet and an
average weight of 16,000 lbs! That’s
comparable to an elephant of a semi-
truck! Their skulls measure about 5 feet
in length, that’s taller than you! More about the T-Rex please!
Pretty Please!!

9. The ankylosaurus, a herbivore, is a
wide“tank-like” dinosaur that was
completely protected from
carnivores with thick, hard, plates
covering its entire body. They were
on average 20-30 feet in length, 6
feet wide, 4-5 feet tall. weighed as
much as 5 or 6 tons, and sat low to
the ground in comparison to other
dinosaurs. The Ankylosaurus used
their club tail as a defense
mechanism. It was covered in
plates made of bone, known as
osteoderms. It was believed that its
tail had enough strength to break
the bones of its attacker with a
single swing! These dinosaurs
prefered a tropical climate.
Show Me
More!

10. The Triceratops, also commonly known as the
three-horn ( because of the three horns on its head)
was the most well-known horned dinosaur. It can be
compared to the modern day rhinoceros. It was an
herbivore and used its beaked mouth to tear plant
fibers. It was around 30 feet long, 7 feet tall at its
hips, and weighed 6-12 tons! Its legs were short,
thick and muscular and carried the heavy weight of
its body evenly. The plated shield jetting off of the
back of its head was used for protection.
Triceratops also traveled in herds.
Not
Enough
Information?
Back to the Quiz!

11. The Velociraptor is a carnivore like the T-Rex although it is a hunter (Pack hunter)
rather than a scavenger and it is much smaller in size. It can reach up to about 6
feet in length, 3-4 feet high, and around 30 lbs on average. They could reach
speeds of 40 mph for short distances. As their defense and hunting weapon they
used the deathly sharp, retractable claws that had on each of their feet. Their
bodies were covered and feathers and its looks can be related to a big chicken!
They were very fast and agile, bipedal, dinosaurs. The preferred a desert like
environment with little water.
Check it out!

12. The Stegosaurus was about 14 feet tall, 28 feet long, and weighed
around 6,800 pounds. Its size be can be compared to a school bus.
Even with its large size, its brains were only the size of a walnut and
weighed only 80 grams! Its back contained 17 boney plates that
stuck out towards the sky as well as a four boney spikes on its tail.
The purpose of these pates was believed to be regulation of
temperature. The plates are suspected of having blood vessels in
them that absorbed heat from the sun. The plates were also used as
a defense. It was an herbivore and had a beak –like mouth with no
teeth in the front. It did have teeth on the sides.
Lets
Find
More!

14. The Pterodactyl made its home in trees and caves, similar to our
modern day bat. While not technically considered a dinosaur because
it flew, it is a winged reptile that lived during the time of the dinosaurs.
It had a wing-span of up to 40 feet wide.
and were made of a leathery type skin. Three claws extended out of
the wing at about the midpoint of the wing. Their bones were light and
hollow, some were coated in fur. They ate insects and ocean creatures
so they were considered carnivores. They had full mouths of around 90
bristle like teeth.

15. The Dinosaur species is now
extinct, meaning every dinosaur
that ever existed is no longer
living. The entire species died
off and they no exist in modern
times. There are several
theories the answer the
question of how this happened.
The most promising theory is
the meteorite theory which has
the most concrete evidence.
Back to the Quiz!

16.  It is believe that when the asteroid hit the earth, it caused a
massive, drastic climate change that the dinosaur species could
not live through. The dinosaurs that were not killed when the
asteroid hit, dies of other cause such as starvation or freezing.
The evidence of this asteroid is found in the layers of our Earth.
As scientist have investigated, asteroids have been found to
contain extremely high levels of iridium. Non-coincidentally, a
very thing layer of iridium has been found in our Earths crust
which is where a majority of the dinosaur remains have been
located leading us to believe they were extinct when there were
high levels of Iridium present. Leading many to believe only one
thing, the asteroid theory. Keep in mind however, there are
many other theories and much more evidence arguing for the
asteroid theory.

17. When the Dinosaurs died,
they left behind all kinds
of evidence for us to find
so we could learn about
them and what life was
like in the past. The most
helpful evidence they left
behind was something
called a fossil.

18. Fossils are signs and remains
that have been preserved in
the Earths crust for our
finding. There are many
different kinds of fossils.
They can be the imprint left
in a rock, a skeleton left
behind, and even footprints
or tracks. They can be dried,
frozen or smothered and
preserved in a bed of clay.

19. Now, let’s see what you’ve learned with
a mini quiz!

20. Which dinosaur that you read about can
be compared to the modern day
rhinoceros?
A. Tyrannosaurus Rex
B. Ankylosaurus
C. Triceratops
D. Stegosaurus