3. What is a ‘Good’ journal?
(Minimum essential requirements)
Must be available online
(Searchable/Easy to locate/share)
Must be ‘Peer-reviewed’ (Refereed)
Must be indexed with some widely consulted
database (e.g., PubMed Central, Medline, Web of
Science, Scopus)
Google Scholar is NOT an indexing database
3http://the-aps.org/trainees/Symposia/2010%20talks/Barrett-web.ppt
4. ‘Better’ journal
(Optional requirements):
Has got a good Impact Factor
‘International’ (Editorial Board must be of International
character)
Has got good SNIP/SJR ranking/Cite-Score
It is an ‘Open Access’ journal (Sometimes a requirement)
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5. ‘Convenient’:
Takes minimum time for editorial decision
Provides easy online submission process, /manuscript tracking
facility
Known Acceptance Rate
No article processing fee / color printing charges/ reprint
charges / submission fee
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6. Be careful with
Fake Impact Factors / Fake Journal Metrics
‘Author Pays’ model of Open Access
Fake Peer-Review process
Don’t fall prey to ‘Call for papers’
Claims such as ‘Under the process of PubMed indexing’
Claims such as ‘Indexed in Elsevier’
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10. Responsibilities of an author
Originality
Good record keeping
Integrity, Honesty, Objectivity
Openness / Transparency
Respect for IPR
Declaring Conflict of interest/ Disclosures
Submitting Copyright Agreements
Obtaining Consent to reuse published content
Responsibility (Corrections/ Withdrawing/ Retracting)
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11. Authorship
First Author:
The one who has carried out the actual work, and has
written the manuscript
Corresponding Author (Usually the senior most/last author):
The one who originally conceived the study, planned it and
approved the final manuscript to be published
Second/ third/.. authors:
Who helped in carrying out the work and also in manuscript
preparation
12. What about…..
Those who did not contribute to your study, but helped you in
writing the manuscript ?
Those who contributed to your study, but did not help you in
writing the manuscript ?
Acknowledgement?
Author?
13. Authorship: Ethical considerations
Included in
acknowledgments
InvolvementinStudy
Involvement with Manuscript
High
High
Low
Low
Cramer and Rieger, 2001
Included in
acknowledgments
NOT included in
acknowledgments:
NOT listed as author
List as author
14. Responding to reviewer comments
Corresponding author’s responsibility
Revise manuscript thoroughly as per reviewer
recommendations
Follow reviewers’ instructions as far as possible
Deny politely, if you must
Give your point- by- point response
Highlight the changes in the manuscript with yellow color
Re-submit only after consulting your co-authors
Stick to the time frame
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15. What if reviewers fail to detect some
errors?
Errors may be detected after the publication
Authors are encouraged to write to the editor if they find errors
after publication
Communicate the sufficiently detailed Erratum to rectify the
errors.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/errata.html
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17. Falsification: German cancer research case
In 1998, German research funding agency looked at 347 papers
published by two researchers, F.Herrmann and M.Brach.
It concluded that 29 of these contained falsified material and found
evidence of data manipulation leading to a suspicion of fraud in a
further 65 papers.
In most cases the falsification of illustrations of blood and other cells
was noted.
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https://www.parliament.uk/documents/post/pn182.pdf
19. Fabrication: The Pearce case
In August 1996, Malcom Pearce, published a paper in the British
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
He claimed to have rescued an ectopic pregnancy by transferring it
into the uterus.
The ‘patient’ did never exist!
Four other fraudulent papers were discovered after investigation,
two of which had been published in the BMJ.
Pearce was struck off by the General Medical Council.
19
https://www.parliament.uk/documents/post/pn182.pdf
20. Plagiarism: US National Science Foundation
A researcher was asked to peer review a proposal for research,
which was later rejected on the basis of his comments.
This reviewer subsequently submitted his own research proposal
to another funding body, which was accepted for funding.
This proposal was found to have plagiarised the original
proposal.
The researcher had submitted a number of other research
proposals plagiarised from proposals he had been asked to peer
review.
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https://www.parliament.uk/documents/post/pn182.pdf
21. Other forms of Violation of research ethics:
Failure to disclose conflicts of interest: A study conducted in 1986
found that 96% of studies had financial relations with the drug
manufacturer.
Multiple Submissions: Simultaneous submission of same paper to
multiple journals
Redundant / Duplicate publication (Duplicate publication/
undisclosed publication)
Authors publish the same paper in a number of different
journals
Suggesting Bogus Reviewers: Giving an alternative email id of the
author so that the author himself becomes a reviewer 21
22. Guest authorship:
Including an author only because it may improve the chances of
acceptance
The senior author (Geoffrey Chamberlain) on the ‘ectopic pregnancy’
paper had to resign from a number of senior positions.
Ghost Authorship: Actual author’s name not included
Anonymous Authorship: Publishing with pseudonym
Surrogate authorship: Publishing someone else’s work in one’s
own name
Gift Authorship: Adding the name of the spouse/ friend as
author
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23. Salami Slicing
Publishing the same data in different forms in different journals
Effect of Indian gooseberry on hyperglycemia in type-2 DM
Biomedical journal
Effect of Amalaki in Madhumeha with special reference to Prakriti
Ayurveda journal
Interferes in meta analyses as the same cases will be duplicated
Ethical only if the data is too huge and each paper addresses substantially
different questions
Editors must be informed in all such cases regarding prior publications
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