Group report :) Made by yours truly.

1. Nervous Response
Earthworm
Donato. Esteban. Madriaga. Tolentino.

2. WHAT ARE EARTHWORMS?
Earthworms are segmented animals
commonly found living in soil that is
shaped like a tube (the gut) within a
tube (the body). Its digestive system
runs straight through its body and it
conducts respiration through the
cuticle covering of its skin. It has a
simple, closed blood circulatory
system.

3. The nervous system allows the body to respond
to various changes in the environment.
Receptors are groups of specialized cells that
can detect changes in the environment, which
are called stimuli, and turn them into
electrical impulses. Receptors are often
located in the sense organs.
An effector is any part of the body that produces
the response.

4. Reflex actions are extra-rapid responses to
stimuli. It also involves the nervous system,
but bypasses the brain. When a receptor is
stimulated, it sends a signal to the central
nervous system, where the brain co-ordinates
the response.

5. TAXIS VS. TROPISM
Tropism involves an organism (mainly
plant) growing toward or away from a
stimulus.
Taxis involves an organism (protist or
animal) moving toward a stimulus.

6. MATERIALS:
Earthworms

7. MATERIALS:
Dissecting pan

8. MATERIALS:
Wet paper

9. MATERIALS:
Dissecting needle

10. MATERIALS:
A card with a 2 millimeter hole

11. MATERIALS:
Flashlight

12. MATERIALS:
Alcohol lamp (with matchsticks)

13. MATERIALS:
Glass rod

14. MATERIALS:
Xylol (Reagent)

15. Methodology
Cover the pan
Wash the
with a sheet of
dissecting pan wet paper
Place an active
live
earthworm

16. Methodology: Contact
Touch the Touch the
earthworm’s earthworm’s
anterior part with posterior part with
the needle the needle
Touch the
earthworm’s
middle part with
the needle

17. Methodology: Light
Use a flashlight to Use a flashlight to
shine on the shine on the
earthworm’s earthworm’s
anterior part posterior part
Use a flashlight to
shine on the
earthworm’s
middle part

18. Methodology: Heat
Place the heated Place the heated
end of the rod on end of the rod on
the earthworm’s the earthworm’s
anterior part posterior part
Place the heated end
of the rod on the
earthworm’s middle
part

19. Methodology: Moisture
Dampen one half
Line a clean and
of the tissue and
dry dissecting pan
let the other half
with a tissue paper
stay dry
Place the worms at
random locations.
Observe its
location.

20. Methodology: Chemical
The tip of the glass rod The tip of the glass rod
(with xylol) was placed (with xylol) was placed
near the earthworm’s near the earthworm’s
anterior part posterior part
The tip of the glass rod
(with xylol) was placed
near the earthworm’s
middle part

21. Results: Contact

22. Results: Contact

23. Results: Contact

24. Results: Light

25. Results: Light

26. Results: Light

27. Results: Heat

28. Results: Heat

29. Results: Heat

30. Results: Moisture
DRY WET

31. Results: Moisture
DRY WET

32. Results: Chemical

33. Results: Chemical

34. Results: Chemical

35. Results
ANTERIOR MIDDLE POSTERIOR
STIMULUS
REGION PART REGION
CONTACT + - +
LIGHT + - +
HEAT + + +
MOISTURE + + +
CHEMICAL + + +

36. DISCUSSION

37. References
Answers. Answers Corporation. Accessed on 27 July 2012
<http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_
between_taxis_and_tropism>.
BBC. BBC Vision. Accessed on 27 July 2012
<http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/
aqa_pre_2011/human/thenervoussystemrev1.shtml>.
Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Accessed on 27
July 2012 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthworm>.

38. THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!
