Internet and Web Technology (CLASS-3) [HTML & CSS]

Ayes Chinmay
Internet
&
Web Technology
(HTML and CSS)

IWT Syllabus:
Module 1:
Web:
Internet, Word Wide Web(WWW), History of the Internet, History of the Web, Protocols Governing the Web, Types of
Websites, Web Applications, Web Projects, Web architecture, HTML, URI, HTTP, Issues in Web Development,
Webserver, web browser, Internet standards, TCP/IP Protocol suite, MIME, Cyber Laws.
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol(HTTP):
Understand the need for HTTP, URL and it Anatomy, HTTP message format, Persistent and Non-persistent Connections,
Web Caching, Proxy
Web Page Designing HTML:
Introduction to HTML, Mark up Language, HTML Tags, HTML Document Structure, HTML Comments, head, title, base,
link, style, meta, script, Heading tags, paragraph, anchor, image, video, line breaks, text formatting, lists, frames, forms.
Cascaded Style Sheet
Inline Styles, Internal Style Sheet, External Style Sheet, Selectors, Colors, Backgrounds, Background Image, Background
Attachment, Background Shorthand, Borders, Margins, Padding, Fonts, Links, Icons, Lists, Tables, Display, Position,
Overflow, Float, inline- block, Horizontal & Vertical Align, Combinators, Pseudo-classes, Pseudo-elements, Opacity
/ Transparency, Navigation Bar, Dropdowns, Image Gallery, Attribute Selectors, Forms, Counters, Website Layout, Units,
Specificity, Text Effects, Animations, Tooltip, Multiple Columns.

HTML:
 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.
 HTML was released in 1993 (27 years ago).
 HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages.
 HTML consists of a series of elements, which inform the browser how to
display the content .
 The latest version of HTML 5 was published in 2012. World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C) defines the specifications of HTML..
 HTML 5.2 was released on 27 May 2019 (13 months ago).

HTML Table:
<table> element to define a table
<tr> element to define a table row
<td> element to define a table data
<th> element to define a table heading
<caption> element to define a table caption
border property to define a border
border-collapse property to collapse cell borders
text-align property to align cell text
border-spacing property to set the spacing between cells
Use the colspan attribute to make a cell span many columns
Use the rowspan attribute to make a cell span many rows

HTML Form:
TAG Definition
<form> Defines an HTML form for user input
<input> Defines an input control
<textarea> Defines a multiline input control (text area)
<label> Defines a label for an <input> element
<fieldset> Groups related elements in a form
<legend> Defines a caption for a <fieldset> element
<select> Defines a drop-down list
<optgroup> Defines a group of related options in a drop-down list
<option> Defines an option in a drop-down list
<button> Defines a clickable button
<datalist> Specifies a list of pre-defined options for input controls

HTML Character Entities & Formatting:

CSS:
 CSS stands for Cascaded Style Sheet.
 Wium Lie has proposed the concept of CSS in 1994 (26 years ago).
 The latest version of CSS 3 was published in 1999. World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C) defines the specifications of CSS.
 Father of HTML 5, CSS 3 => “Håkon Wium Lie”Håkon Wium Lie

Types of CSS:
1) External CSS
2) Internal CSS
3) Inline CSS

External CSS:
 With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire website by
changing just one file.
 Each HTML page must include a reference to the external style sheet file inside
the <link> element, inside the head section.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
h1 {
color: navy;
margin-left: 20px;
}

Internal CSS:
 An inline style may be used to apply a unique style for a single element.
 To use inline styles, add the style attribute to the relevant element. The
style attribute can contain any CSS property.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {background-color: linen;}
h1 {color: maroon;
margin-left: 40px; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>

Inline CSS:
 An inline style may be used to apply a unique style for a single element.
 To use inline styles, add the style attribute to the relevant element. The
style attribute can contain any CSS property.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1 style="color:blue;text-align:center;">
This is a heading
</h1>
<p style="color:red;">
This is a paragraph.
</p>
</body>
</html>

GATE Question:
1. Consider the HTML table definition given below:
<table border=1>
<tr>
<td rowspan=2>ab</td>
<td colspan=2> cd </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ef</td>
<td rowspan=2>gh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=2>ik</td>
</tr>
</table>
The number of rows in each column and the number of columns in each row are
(a) 2, 2, 3 and 2, 3, 2 (b) 2, 2, 3 and 2, 2, 3
(c) 2, 3, 2 and 2, 3, 2 (d) 2, 3, 2 and 2, 2, 3
(GATE 2009: 1 Mark)

Model Questions:
2. The following HTML tag is used for inserting a line break?
(a) <br/> (b) <startbreak/>
(c) <lb/> (d) <LINEBRK/>
3. Which of the following is not a pair tag?
(a) <i> (b) <u>
(c) <b> (d) <br>
4. Which of the following HTML tag will provide the largest heading
(a) <h6> (b) <h1>
(c) <head8> (d) <heading6>

Model Questions: (Cont.)
5. Linking to another place in the same or another Web page require
two A (Anchor) tags, the first with the _______ attribute and the
second with the _______ attribute.
(a) NAME, LINK (b) LINK, HREF
(c) HREF, NAME (d) TARGET, VALUE
6. The facilities available in the Internet are
A. Electronic mail.
B. Remote login.
C. File transfer.
D. Encryption technique.
(a) A and B (b) A, B and D
(c) A, B and C (d) B, C and D

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