This document discusses the prevention of traumatic injuries. It outlines common causes of dental trauma including environmental factors, behavioral factors, and certain sports. It also discusses the prevalence of different types of injuries. The document then covers three levels of prevention - educational, primary, and secondary. Educational prevention involves informing people on how to avoid injuries. Primary prevention focuses on making environments safer through measures like playground surfaces or car seatbelts. Secondary prevention involves proper on-site management of injuries. The document also discusses sports-related dental injuries and types of mouthguards that can help prevent trauma from sports.

1. Prevention of traumatic injuries
Presented by :
Eman Zakaria
Salma Ali
Aya Adel
Hadir Ebrahim
Rana El-Abasery

2. Outline
• Introduction .
• Etiologic factors of traumatic injuries .
• Prevalence of traumatic injuries .
• Levels of Prevention of traumatic injuries .
• Sports-Related Orofacial Injuries and Sports
Dentistry .
• Conclusion .

3. Introduction
• Traumatic dental and
maxillofacial injuries are
serious public health
problems.
• These injuries result in
functional, esthetic and
psychological
disturbances .
• So prevention becomes
a primary goal.

4. Etiologic factors of traumatic injuries
Oral
predisposing
factors
Environmental
factors
Behavioral
factors
Unintentional
traumatic
injuries
Intentional
traumatic
injuries

5. Oral predisposing factors
• Increased Overjet (more than
6mm) .
• Inadequate lip coverage.
• Open bite ( less than 5y)

6. Environmental factors
A. Material deprivation

7. B. Emotionally stressful states
• Non nuclear family
• Parental abuse
• AHAD child
• Obese child

8. Behavioral factors
A. Unintentional injuries
•Falls, collisions and being struck by an
object .
• Presence of illness, learning difficulties
or physical limitations
Epilepsy
Cerebal palsy
Deaf and blind child

9. B. Intentional injuries
• Inappropriate use of teeth

10. • Oral piercing
• Iatrogenic injuries
• Traffic accidents
• Sports injuries

11. Prevalence
• One third of all preschool children .
• One fourth of all school children
• Falls ( main cause) 31.7 to 64.2%
• Sport activities (up to 40.2%)
• Bicycling accidents (up to 19.5 %)
• In 0-6 years (primary dentition) trauma
is usually associated with falls and crashes
as children’s seek for independent movements

12. in the prevalence of
dental traumas over
the last decade ??

13. Most affected teeth
• Upper central 66.7%
• lateral incisors 17.4%
• Enamel fracture 63.7-80%
• enamel-dentin fracture 32%
• one-third of the injuries
were preventable
(Andreasen et al., 2001)

14. Prevention of traumatic injuries

15. A. Educational prevention.
• Best way to prevent dental and oral injuries is
education on how to avoid them and what to do if
an injury occurs
• Education should be targeted equally at children,
teenagers, and those in the vicinity
• individuals with severe maxillary overjet should
have preventive orthodontic treatment before the
age of 11
• Information campaigns

19. B. Primary prevention :
1-provide safe home environment

20. • Prohibit the use of equipment such as walkers
or trampolines
• wear helmets when riding tricycles

21. • Treatment of children with increased
overjet
• Playground Surfaces
“Shock absorber”
• The use of car seatbelts
• Promote the use of protectors

22. B. Secondary prevention
on-site management of dental trauma by
dental professionals, emergency
physicians, teachers, coaches is essential
for a favorable long-term prognosis

24. Sports-Related Orofacial Injuries
and Sports Dentistry
• Types of sports injuries .
• Factors affecting rate of traumatic injuries in
organized sports .
• Classification of organized sports based on risk of
TDIs .
• Appliances used for prevention of sports injuries.

25. Types of sports injuries
According to ( Kracher et al. 2017 ) sports injuries may be one
or more of the following :
1. Soft Tissue Injuries .
2. Maxillofacial Fractures.
3. TMJ Injuries.
4. Tooth extrusion & intrusion.
5. Crown and Root Fractures.
6. Avulsion.
7. Brain concussion.

26. Factors affecting rate of traumatic
injuries in organized sports .
Predictive index that predict the chance of injury
according the risk factors involved in various sports.
(AAPD 2018 )
1. Demographic information .
2. Protective equipment .
3. Velocity and intensity of the sport.
4. Level of activity and exposure time.
5. Type of sports organization.
6. Contact or noncontact sport.
7. History of previous sports-related injury.
8. The situation (practice vs. game).

27. Classification of organized sports
based on risk of TDIs .
( Federation Dentaire International )
1- High‐risk sports :
(such as American football, hockey,
ice hockey, lacrosse, martial sports, rugby,
inline skating, skateboarding and
mountain biking).
2- Medium‐risk sports :
(such as basketball, soccer, team handball, diving,
squash, gymnastics, parachuting and water polo).

28. Appliances used for prevention of
sports injuries.
• 1. Faceguards
• 2. Mouthguards

29. 1. Faceguards

30. 2.Mouthguards
• It is a resilient appliances placed inside the
mouth to reduce oral injuries, particularly to
teeth and surrounding structures .

32. Mechanism of action
Mouthguards reduce the risk of trauma by :
• Acting as Cushion .
• Redistributing shock during forceful impacts
• Stabilizing the mandible.

33. Types of mouthguards
The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
classifies the mouthguards to :
1. Custom-fabricated
mouthguards
3. Stock
mouthguards
2. Mouth-formed
( Boil & bite
mouthguards )
There are recent innovations done to these types

34. 1. Custom fabricated mouthguards
Produced on patients cast either by :
• The vacuum-forming technique . ( single layer )
• Heat-pressure lamination technique ( multipe layers –
different thickness ).

35. 2. Mouth formed ( Boil& bite )
mouthguards

36. 3. Stock mouthguards
• Designed for use without any
modification ( Least accurate )
• It must be held in place by
clenching the teeth together
to provide a protective benefit.
• Clenching a stock mouthguard in place can interfere
with breathing and speaking .

37. Recent innovations to mouthguards
1. Mouthguards with straps attached
to helmets .
2. lip guard mouthguard

38. 3. Mouthguards for ortho. Patients

39. 4. Smart helmets that monitor brain concussions .

40. 5. Smart mouthguards that monitor brain
concussions .

41. Conclusion
• It is far better to prevent injuries than to have
to deal with them after they occur.
• Anterior trauma can have life-long
consequences affecting aesthetics, self-image.