Intze Overhead Water Tank Design by Working Stress - IS Method.pdf
Smart solid waste management-surat city.
1. Development of a smart small scale
Solid Waste Segregation and
Management System:
SURAT Case Study
Submitted by,
ABHISHEK PARMAR (20MCL001)
AXAY SHARMA (20MCL002)
DHRUVIL DEVANI (20MCL003)
ANJALI JAIN (20MCL004)
AASH PANKHANIYA (20MCL005)
PROJECT DESIGN STUDIO
Guided by,
Dr. Debasis Sarkar
Associate Professor
IEM, PDPU
2. Contents:
• State-wise MSW(Municipal solid waste)
• Introduction
• Issues & Challenges
• Surat city: A case study
• Smart Proposals
• Outcomes
• Suggestions
• References
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4. INTRODUCTION
• solid waste means any garbage or refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment
plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other
discarded material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, and agricultural
operations, and from community activities.
• Nearly everything we do leaves behind some kind of waste.
• It is important to note that the definition of solid waste is not limited to wastes
that are physically solid. Many solid wastes are liquid, semi-solid, or contained
gaseous material.
• Due to Industrialization, Urbanization, Liberalization and Globalization, the rate of
generation of solid waste is increasing exponentially.
• Current global Municipal Solid Waste generation levels are approximately 1.3
billion tonnes per year, and are expected to increase to approximately 2.2 billion
tonnes per year by 2025 (World Bank).
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5. • Municipal solid waste generation in cities like Delhi and Mumbai are touching the
limits of 4 million tonnes annually.
• In India, if as per current situation, 62 million tonnes of MSW generation
continues then 1240 ha of land will be required annually for disposing untreated
waste (Planning Commission of India-2014).
• MSW for leading cities is shown in the graph below. (Source:ELK Asia Pacific
journals)
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6. Issues & Challenges
Major issues and challenges to achieve smartness in the now cities are listed as,
• Inefficient collection of solid waste-Globally in most of the developing countries
the major problem is within collecting the solid waste. Most of urban areas are
not able to provide 100% solidwaste collection. Door to door collection is rare in
cities of developing countries. Most non-industrialized countries have low levels
of formal collection rates, going from 30 to 60 per cent in low-income countries
to 50 to 80 per cent in middle-income countries.
• Transportation of solid waste-After collecting solid waste from household, to
transport it is a big issue. Transfer stations as an intermediate process of disposal
is being used nowadays in many countries globally. Efficiency in terms of cost,
time is important in transportation. In most of cities, due to improper
management of transportation problems are exponentially increasing.
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8. • Segregation of waste at source-Due to unawareness of people and sometimes
due to ineffective approach of ULB, segregation is not possible at source level.
Due to that all kind of solid waste goes in a same lump, causing problem at
disposal site. Because different kind of solid waste is having its own calorific value
and degeneration time.
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9. • Final dumping of waste-Dumping all kind of municipal solid waste at a site by
sanitary landfill will produce land as well as ground water pollution due to
leachate. So dumping without prior segregation is major issue. Solid waste
dumping site causing threat to nearby villages in monsoon season as it is
breeding place for mosquitoes. It can cause disease to nearby villages.
• Sometimes, the wastes are burned in order to lower critical hygienic problems;
but this causes the emission of toxic substances to the air, such as dioxins and
furans.
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11. Surat city : A case study
• Surat is located on bank of river Tapi, on the west Indian state of Gujarat.
Population: Around 44.62 lacs (As per 2011 cencus data)
Quantity: 1572 Tonnes per day at the rate of 400 gpcd.
• More than 70 percent of Surat city area is covered with Door-to Door collection
system.
• At present there are 4503 sweepers engaged in the Door to Door collection of
waste across the seven zones of the city.
• But there are still some areas which are having conventional bin system for their
solid waste collection.
• The total number of waste collection bins is 1170.
• These are mainly 4.5 cu.m in size with a capacity of 1.5 tonnes (4.5 cu. m)/
dustbin and cover the entire population of the city
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12. • The spacing between waste storage depots is about 100 m. M.S.W. transported
from the transfer stations reaches to the final disposal site at Khajod.
• There are total six numbers of transfer stations in Surat located at Katargam, Pal,
Bhatar, Varacha, Bhestan and Anjana.
• Surat is maintaining Door to Door collection on PPP (Public Private Partnership)
model basis.
• Surat is administratively divided in seven zones from which, south zone generates
the highest amount of daily solid waste.
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14. Zone wise solid waste generation for Surat city (Source:ELK Asia Pacific
journals)
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15. Household Practices Related to Waste Generated at Homes
• 34% of the households generate more than 1000 gram waste per day.
• Majority of the respondents (85%) generate food waste, plastic bags/bottles etc.
• 94% respondents put their waste in their own dustbin.
Awareness:
• 58 % don’t know about full waste disposal system of SMC.
• 96% respondents know about door to door waste collection done by SMC.
• 35% of the respondents do not know about waste segregation.
• 79% people feel there is a need for more information to be communicated about
waste segregation or disposal methods through local news paper, radio
announcement, and electronic media.
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16. Smart Proposals
• One of the smart technologies is Smart Tracking.
• For this technique each dumping vehicle is fitted with sensor.
• The sensor will inform the management team that it is filled fully and now it can
be picked up and taken to transfer station.
• This will reduce number of trips that are being wasted for half filled bins. Whole
system divided into two phases:
• In first phase, there are three main activities
a) Fill level measurement using UBi.
b) Analysis and modeling by receiving data using GPRS.
c) Route planning using GPS tracker and GIS.
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17. • In second phase, there are four main activities
a) Reading of RFID Tag mounted on Waste bin using RFID Reader.
b) Transmit data of bin to the control station using GPRS.
c) Analyze the data using GIS.
d) Continuous tracking of the vehicle.
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19. • Sensored bins are the smartest option for reducing trips and lessening the carbon
footprint.
• Smart bins will tell us when they are filled more than 80% and then we can go to
pick that bin and proceed further with waste within that.
• If we don’t apply this method, sometimes it happens that, though bin is not fully
filled we have to take it to the further process which increases the unnecessary
trips and add to air pollution.
• For more efficient transferring of solid waste one more suggestion can be
segregation at source.
• This will reduce further cumbersome process of segregating solid waste at
transfer station.
• And according to type of solid waste, further processes can directly be done.
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20. Smart city mission for Surat city.
• As part of the Smart City Mission, the Surat
Municipal Corporation (SMC) had proposed
installation of 75 underground garbage bins
across the city last year of which 43 have been
installed in public areas.
• A total of Rs. 456 crore were spent by the SMC to
install the bins.
• All the bins are equipped with two compartments
– one for the general public to discard their litter
and the other one for municipal workers who
collect waste from that area.
• To ensure efficient waste segregation, the bins are
further divided into dry and wet waste.
• The size of the underground dustbin is 3 cubic
meters and each bin can hold up to 1.5 tonnes of
garbage.
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21. • Most of the working hours of our staff were getting eaten up by the
garbage spilled multiple times in a day in the same place. Keeping a
track of how often the garbage bins get full was also becoming
increasingly difficult. Under the Smart City Mission, the officials came
up with the idea of underground bins to tackle this menace, Dr.
Ashish K Naik, Chief Medical Officer, SMC tells NDTV.
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23. Recycled Plastic Weaving
• The recycled plastic project has a great significance in the era of global warming.
• It shows consideration for the environment through recycling plastic waste. It
uses no energy sources to recycle the waste.
• It provides additional income to waste collectors.
• It also generates income for marginally skilled men and women who don’t have
enough quantity of work from mainstream market.
• And above all, it creates a greater scene of awareness and responsibility towards
the waste we daily generate.
• This practice is being done in ‘KHAMIR’- an organization in Bhuj, Kuthc.
• In that process, all plastic bags which are thrown away by users were collected
by rag pickers and it is submitted to KHAMIR.
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24. An intervention of Khamir, plastic weaving is now practiced by several weavers on our
campus and at their homes. Khamir works actively to train weavers to use plastic, and has
led the way in the trade and marketing of this material. Additionally, Khamir is working to
overturn local stigmas about waste reuse by introducing plastic woven items into the local
community.
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25. • Then KHAMIR provides employment to village people and they are trained for doing this work.
• They go through all the process shown in Fig
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26. • Finally plastic woven material or fabric made which can be
used for different applications.
• As per their talk foreigners buy this kind of ‘waste to best’
material in hundreds of numbers.
• The process of recycled plastic weaving involves following
steps,
1. Waste plastic collected and Segregated.
2. Plastic bags are cleaned.
3. Clean plastic are cut into thin long strips.
4. Plastic strips are woven into sheets.
• After passing through these all steps, one manually woven
sheet is ready to be sold. That can generate revenue to local
peoples.
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27. Community Based Solid Waste Management
• Indian administrative authorities have failed miserably multiple times in setting
up and managing effective waste management systems.
• Hence, it can be proposed a micro community model, where student teams are
incentivized to create small social start-ups around waste management theme in
1km vicinity.
• Incentives for the students include competitive, engaging at the same time
valuable experience.
• The entire process is enabled and can be scaled up through a mobile-based
online national leadership board.
• Leader board would breed competition at a larger level, though action is taking
place at the micro community level.
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28. • India has access to an important resource when it comes to managing any critical
challenge – youth power.
• Almost a third of India’s population is between the ages 18 to 25 years.
• If adequately incentivized, and given accessand responsibility to a community
that they have high stakes in, this youth power could be used for tackling the
waste management challenge of India.
• As students have high amount of stake in community, they can influence
community level leading to improve solid waste management.
• Within this concept Spot administration also can be introduced.
• In which solid waste disposal spots are observed 24x7 and if somebody breaches
the rules and regulations, he may be punished accordingly.
• This will improve awareness in people which is very much needed for successfully
making solid waste management a Zero waste management
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29. Outcome
• These all techniques lead to integrated solid waste management in
India.
• All smart techniques if implemented within cities, it will lead to
Integrated Solid Waste Management.
• Surat like cities having growth at very fast rate, should improve with
the future expected solid waste quantity management.
• It cannot be improved without adopting smart techniques like
reduce, reuse, recycle (3R).
• And rural as well as urban employment can be increased by
incorporating plastic waste weaving which is nowadays adopted by
‘KHAMIR’, an organization in Bhuj, Kutch.
• Improving living standards and reducing the quantity of solid waste
to be disposed is the only smart technique which will become saviour
for our future generation.
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30. Suggestions:
• Surat city became a smart city and urban planners (SMC) want to reach the goal
of making Surat a zero waste city. Some of the suggestions are:
Decentralization -ward wise waste collection and segregation centers can be set
up.
All wards will have at least one dry waste collection center wherein citizen can
directly handover the dry waste to the ward collection centers and get the money
out of it and rag pickers can be engaged in these centers also.
Covered dust bins of sufficient sizes should be provided for the proper disposal of
the waste in the housing colonies, community centers and other populated areas
to protect the waste from being scattered by animals like cows, dog etc.
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31. References
• ELK Asia Pacific Journals – Special Issue
(ISBN: 978-81-930411-5-4)
• International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926
Volume-5, Issue-1, Jan.-2019
(http://iraj.in)
• Wikipedia.
• The royal society publishing.
• http://www.khamir.org/crafts/recycled-plastic-weaving.
• https://swachhindia.ndtv.com/waste-management-in-surat-underground-
garbage-bins-keep-roads-litter-free-22313/.
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