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Kohler_Anke_-_Nonverbals of the FLTeacher_(CA_approach)
1. BECOMING THE TEACHER.
Assisting the individual professionalization of young teachers
by focussing on their nonverbal expression.
Anke Köhler -- Potsdam University -- Becoming the Teacher.
5. THE STUDY (background)
Potsdam University, Germany
• Bachelor students (TEFL)
• Supervised internship in small groups (combined with input seminar)
Internship schools
• Potsdam (Humboldt- & Filmgymnasium)
• Year 7 (5 years EFL)
• Signed releases by pupils & their parents, teachers & students
Anke Köhler -- Potsdam University -- Becoming the Teacher.
6. THE STUDY (overview)
Role
Development
(Whatman 1997)
Reflective
Teaching
Nonverbals in the (Richards / Lockhart
Classroom 1994; Farrel 2007)
(Grant / Hennings 1971;
Streeck 2009) Professionalisation
of Young Teachers
Improvisation
Training for Teachers
Conversation & (Spolin 1999; Tauber /
Video Analysis Mester 2008)
(Sacks / Schegloff /
Jefferson 1974; Tochon
1999)
Anke Köhler -- Potsdam University -- Becoming the Teacher.
7. THE STUDY (overview)
1 Schön 1983; 2 Farrel 2007
Anke Köhler -- Potsdam University -- Becoming the Teacher.
8. THE STUDY (a development)
Giving Instructions Giving Instructions (2)
• Transana 1 Mo “write commentary“ • Transana 2 Mo “open workbook“
Anke Köhler -- Potsdam University -- Becoming the Teacher.
10. TRANSCRIBING NONVERBAL ELEMENTS
• <<paraverbal>english deutsch tAlk>
• „GAT 2“ (Selting et al. 2009), Jeffersonian system (2004)
• Icons & symbols from internet / chat
• #eye gaze#
• #facial expression#
• #gesture#
• #posture#
• #proxemics#
Anke Köhler -- Potsdam University -- Becoming the Teacher.
11. TRANSCRIBING NONVERBAL ELEMENTS
Transcript extract Subject of Action Action Object of Action Further Explanation / Remark
Na, Mo, As Teachers
mL1 Male pupil (unidentified)
fEs Female pupil “Es”
↑, ↓, →, ←, ^, v Person moving / Body part / signal direction (theater: AUDIENCE perspective)
Person manipulating object
Eyes Na #8@TM# Teacher “Na” looks consciously at Teacher's Material
Na #8@LM# Learners' Material
Na #8@BB# / lBB / BBr BlackBoard / opened left /
opened right
Na #8@LM) --># looks longer than one turn (while other at LM; then looks up
mL2 [watched a video, speaker continues)
Na [#--> # #8↑ #
Head Na #nods s all ↓↑↓↑↓↑# Teacher “Na” nods small and quickly Nonverbal element not coordinated to
speech
Na (--) that's rIght. Teacher “Na” looks at male pupil “Ya” Nonverbal element coordinated to speech
#8@mYa # before he begins to speak
and continues looking up while speaking
Hands H left hand when pointing to left; right hand “rH” only marked when it’s not the
when pointing to right AUDIENCE-right hand pointing to the
rH, lH, bH right hand, left hand, both hands audience-right
rF1 - lF5 right thumb – left little finger
mCo #H@fL1# male pupil “Co”’s Hand points at female pupil (unidentified)
Na #bH backs par v^# Teacher “Na” with Both Hands with their back to audience; parallel; move
towards audience, then back
Na #bF2 vert 2"circle"# Teacher “Na” vertically with describes two circles in the air
Both Index Fingers
went to schOOl and home right Hand moves downwards (and back to relaxed (start: to; accent: schOOl; end: and)
| position)
#rH ↓ #
went to schOOl and home both Hands open and hold the tension (and back to (start: to; hold: schOOl and; end: home)
|------| relaxed position)
#bH open #
the cOntent (.) der Inhalt. left Index Finger touches, releases & touches again right Middle Finger
| X |
#lF2@rF3 2x #
Anke Köhler -- Potsdam University -- Becoming the Teacher.
12. TRANSCRIBING NONVERBAL ELEMENTS
Elements in 0616 Mo write football commentary
• Person or body part moving something
• First in line
• Female and male (unrecognized) pupils: mL1, fL1 [21]
• Hands & fingers (similar to McNeill 2005): rH, lH, bH – rF1 - lF5
[06,07,10,11,12,13,19,20]
• Directions of movements [(01),02,06,10,15,20]
• ↑, ↓, →, ←, v, ^
• Motions longer than verbal TCU (inspired by Mondada 2004) [07,13]
• -->
Anke Köhler -- Potsdam University -- Becoming the Teacher.
13. TRANSCRIBING NONVERBAL ELEMENTS
• Size and orientation
• Dress sizes (S, M, L) [15]
• “hor” / “vert” / “par” [11,12,13,15,19,20]
• Same motion going on; currently discontinued, and renewed [08]
or tension held [07,08,11,13]
• | X | X |-------|
• Emoticons:
Smiling :)
Consciously looking at … 8@ …
• Objects
• Teacher‘s Material, Learners‘ Material: TM, LM [02]
• Blackboard in ist variations: BB, BBr, lBB, lBBr
• Technical equipment: TEq
Anke Köhler -- Potsdam University -- Becoming the Teacher.
14. REFERENCES
Farrell, T. S. C. 2007. Reflective Language Teaching: From Research to Practice. London: Continuum Press.
Grant, Barbara M., und Dorothy Grant Hennings. The teacher moves: An analysis of non-verbal activity. New York: Teachers College Press,
1971.
Jefferson, G. Glossary of transcript symbols with an introduction. In: G. H. Lerner (ed.) Conversation Analysis: Studies from the first generation.
Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004. 13-34.
McNeill, David 2005. Gesture and thought. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Mondada, Lorenza. Video Recording as the Reflexive Preservation and Configuration of Phenomenal Features for Analysis. In: Knoblauch, H.,
Raab, J., Soeffner, H.-G., Schnettler, B. (eds.). Video Analysis. Bern: Lang, 2006.
Richards, Jack C., und Charles Lockhart. Reflective teaching in second language classrooms. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. A., & Jefferson, G. (1974). A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn Taking for Conversation. Language.
(50), 696-735.
Schön, Donald. The Reflective Practitioner. New York: Basic Books, 1983.
Selting, Margret, et al. Gesprächsanalytisches Transkriptionssystem 2 (GAT 2). Gesprächsforschung - Online-Zeitschrift zur verbalen
Interaktion 10 (2009): 353-402.
Spolin, Viola. Improvisation for the theater: A Handbook of Teaching and Directing Techniques (Drama and Performance Studies). 3. Evanston,
IL: Northwestern University Press, 1999.
Streeck, Jürgen: Gesturecraft: The manu-facture of meaning. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing. 2009.
Tauber, R. T., und C. S. Mester. Acting lessons for teachers: Using performance skills in the classroom. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood
Publishing Group, 2007. – AK
Tochon, F. V. Video Study Groups for Education, Professional Development, and Change. Madison, WI: Atwood Publications, 1999.
Whatman, Jennifer. "Teaching is Performing: an alternative model of teacher education." Research in Drama Education: The Journal of Applied
Theatre and Performance, 2: 2, 1997. 173-184.
Anke Köhler -- Potsdam University -- Becoming the Teacher.
15. THANK YOU VERY MUCH
For questions, hints, and additions.
Anke Köhler -- Potsdam University -- Becoming the Teacher.
