3. INTRODUCTION
Proteins are natural, renewable, and
biodegradable polymers which have attracted
considerable attention in recent years in terms
of advances in genetic engineering, eco-friendly
materials, and novel composite materials based
on renewable sources.
Proteins, as naturally occurring polymers, are
importantrenewable resources produced by
animals, plants, and bacteria. ZIn terms of
potential sources of materials, soy protein, zein,
and wheat proteins (WP) are among the main
plant proteins
6. SOY PROTEIN
o The soybean plant called ‘ The Gold that
Grows ’ , originated in China, has
attracted attention in recent years
because of its versatile uses.
o Soybeans contain approximately
>42 per cent protein,
>20 per cent oil,
>33 per cent carbohydrates,
>and 5 per cent ash on a dry basis.
7. The storage soy protiens consisit of
a mixture of protiens α, β, and γ
conglycinin, glycinin, and other
globulins ranging in molecular
weight from about 140 to 300 kDa
and differing in physicochemical and
other properties.
8. Process for Preparing soybean
Protein concentrate
Once the oil is extracted, the protein level of the defatted solids,
known as “meal”.
Processing of soybean involve to major industries
>Soybean crushing
>Protein ingredient processing
During crushing the beans are usually dried or heated to loosen the
hull and cracked into 6-8 pieces
Aspirating and screening then separate the hull from the cotyledon
pieces
9. The cotyledon pieces are heated and then flaked with roller mills.
The flakes are extracted with hexane to reduce oil content to less than
1%.
the amount of heat, moisture and time used to evaporates the solvent
from the meal affect the solubility of the meal protein.
A flash desolventizer uses low moisture and shorter heat exposure to
produce soy protein ingredients with high water solubility
Flash desolventization produces meal known as white flakes in which
85% of the protein soluble.
10. The bulk of soy protein concentrate is produced by
extracting white flakes with 50-60% aq. Alcohol, 60%
ethanol often preferred.
The most highly refined soy protein products
commercially available are protein isolate being more
than 90% protein.
11.
12. Native Soy protein
Maximum tensile strength- 41MPa with molding
temperature 160°C and moisture level 11.2%.
Plastic made from soy concentrate can have tensile
strength slightly higher than those made from soy
isolate
Properties
13. Modification of soy protein
Acid treatment
Acetylation
Cross linking
Esterification etc.
15. Cotton seed protein
The cotton seed protein consist of
>20% protein
>20% oil
>and 3.5% starch
The cotton seed meal is a good source of protein. There
are two types of meal extraction process
>Solvent extraction
>Mechanical Extraction process
16.
17. Applications
It produces both food for animal and man
Versatile fiber for clothing
Home furnishing
Cosmetics
Industrial uses
18. Rape seed protein
The seed from the rape seed plant are 1.5-3.2mm in
diameter
Weigh- 2.5-6.5g
Protein content- 15-18%
Fiber content 31-35%
Its mainly present in the cell wall
19. The essential amino acids present in the rape seed
protein are
>Arginine
>Isoleutile
>Leutile
>lysin
>Phenyl alanin
>Valin
>Histidine
