The document proposes improvements to waste management in Resunga Municipality. Short term measures include improving waste collection services, managing infectious waste, increasing collection frequency, and ensuring worker safety. Medium and long term measures involve formulating a waste management plan and operating a recycling center. A survey found collection is inefficient due to long work times and inconsistent schedules. Proposed solutions include optimizing collection routes, notifying residents before collection, improving roads, and increasing collection frequency.

1. फोहोरमैला व्यवस्थापन योजना तजजुमा
बर्ुन पत्र
रेसजङ्गा नगरपाललका
जजल्ला समन्वय सलमतत
JICA स्वयंसेवक
आचजसी ताकाहासी
2018.7.13

2. Proposed improvement plan for appropriate waste management
2
Step1
Step2
Matters to be resolved urgently (short term measures)
 Improvement for collection service
 Financial improvement for sustainable organization
management
 Management of infectious waste (hospital waste)
 Separate collection of glasses (stepwise measures for waste
volume waste)
 Operation of a controlled landfill site
 Worker safety and health management
 Formulation of waste management plan for construction of
recycling center
 Waste preservation
 Waste Volume reduction
 Establish a technical liaison conference
Matters to be implemented in anticipation of operation of
the recycling center (Medium and long term measures)

3. Step 3

4. Collection service survey result
 Survey period: Tractor 2018/5/14, 15, 16, 17 (4 days), track 2018/5/21, 22, 23, 31 (4 days)
 Tractor collection area is suburb area, round of the target area on 4 days, operating time is 2
to 4 hours / day, dumping is 2 to 3 times / day, collected households is 532 households, the
collection efficiency is average 0.72 HHs / min and the estimated amount of collected waste
was 4.5 tons.
 Truck collection area is urban area, round of the target area on 4 days, work time is 2 to 3
hours / day, dumping is 2 to 4 times / day, collected households is 538 households, collection
efficiency is average 0.96 HHs / min, and the estimated amount of collected waste was 4.8
tons.
Tractor Truck
Unit 5/14 5/15 5/16 5/17 Total 5/21 5/22 5/23 5/31 Total
Collection Time ① 2:50 4:20 3:05 2:09 12:24 2:42 2:22 1:43 2:36 9:23
Transport Time 1:18 1:22 0:58 0:59 4:37 1:12 0:43 1:01 1:24 4:20
Dumping Time 0:10 0:20 0:07 0:08 0:45 0:08 0:15 0:14 0:10 0:47
Car washing Time 0:09 0:15 0:08 0:00 0:32 0:07 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:07
Dumping Times 2 3 2 2 9 2 3 4 3 12
House Holds HHs ② 89 164 129 150 532 113 102 138 185 538
Collection Efficiency HHs/min ②/① 0.72 0.96
Collection Waste* Tonnes 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 4.5 0.8 1.2 1.6 1.2 4.8
* Since the tractor loading weight is 0.5 t and the truck loading weight is 0.4 t, the amount of collected waste is estimated by multiplying each
dumping times by each loading weight.
4

5. 0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
5/14 5/15 5/16 5/17 5/21 5/22 5/23 5/31
Tractor Truck
Collection Transport Dumping Car washing
 The work time per day were 3 to 6 hours for the tractor and 3 to 4 hours for the truck.
 There are days with long work time and short days, and there is bias.
 The work time of tractor is longer than that of truck.
5
Collection service survey result

6. संकलन क्षेत्र –Tractor
(5/14, 15, 16, 17)
6
5/15
5/14
5/17

7. संकलन क्षेत्र –Tractor
(5/14, 15, 16, 17) 7
5/16

8. संकलन क्षेत्र –Truck
(5/21, 22, 23, 31) 8
5/31
5/22
5/21
5/23

9. Improvement for collection service
9
Current situation Subject Problem Direction of solution
Even if collection vehicles
come to collect after 10
o'clock, after having been at
work, there are no people
in the house, so we can not
throw garbage.
• The collection time
period shall be before
10 o'clock.
• It takes time to collect and transport.
• There are days with a long day work
time, a short day, there is bias.
• There is bias in work time of tractor
and truck.
• Review collection route ·
Improve collection efficiency for
shortening collection time
• Maintenance of roads for
shortening transportation time
In the current collection of
once a week, garbage is
corrupt and unsanitary. Also,
there is no storage place for
garbage for one week.
• Increase collection
frequency to once
every 3 days.
When the collection vehicle
broke down, it could not be
collected for a long time
until a new collection
vehicle arrived.
Since the collection vehicle
can not collect on rainy days,
if rainy days continue, the
garbage is not collected for
a long time.
• Prevent the trouble
of collection vehicle
from occurring.
• The committee
negotiate
countermeasures in
case the trouble
occurs in the
collection vehicle.
• Perform collection on
rainy days.
• The committee is not carrying out the
maintenance of collection vehicles. If
the collection vehicles break down, it
will be necessary to wait until it is
repaired.
• On rainy days the road to the dumping
site is muddy and can not be
transported.
• There is no worker's rain gear.
• Implement scheduled
maintenance of collection
vehicles
• Investigation of
countermeasures such as using
substitute collection vehicles at
the time of collection vehicle
failure
• Maintenance of roads to
dumping sites
• Providing rain gear to workers
The collection area is a part
of urban areas and suburbs,
and many households can
not receive collection
services.
• Extend the collection
area.
• Since the situation on the road is bad,
collection vehicles cannot go to the
target area, collection efficiency is
poor.
• Since the Resunga Municipality does
not clearly designate the collection
area, there is no basis for the
improvement of the road, so the
development of the road does not
• Formulation of Plan to
designate collection area
• Road maintenance based on the
plan

10. Collection time and collection frequency draft
10
Current Draft1 Draft2 Draft3
Collection method From 10 to 16,
once every 4
days
From 6 to 10,
once every 4
days
From 10 to 16,
once every 3
days
From 6 to 10,
once every 3
days
Improvement plan ― ① Review the
collection route so
that the work time
per day will be
within 4 hours
② Improvement of
collection efficiency
③ Review collection
route to equalize
work time of tractor
and truck
② Improvement of
collection efficiency
①②③
Tractor Truck Tractor Truck Tractor Truck Tractor Truck
Collection period day 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3
Collection House Holds HHs 532 538 532 538 464 606 464 606
Collection House Holds
HHs/day 133 135 133 135 155 202 155 202
Current collection time
min/day 186 141 186 141 221 215 221 215
Target collection time min/day － － 160 160 180 180 130 130
Target work time min/day － － 240 237 287 283 237 233
hour/day － － 4:00 3:57 4:47 4:43 3:57 3:53
Target collection efficiency
HHs/min
－ － 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.5

11. 11
Revision for collection route Draft 1 - Tractor
1st day
4th day
2nd day

12. 3rd day
Revision for collection route Draft 1 - Tractor

13. 1st day
4th day
2nd day
3rd day
Revision for collection route Draft 1 - Truck

14. Revision for collection route Draft 2&3 - Tractor
1st day
2nd day
3rd day
3rd day

15. 1st day
Revision for collection route Draft 2&3 - Tractor

16. 1st day
2nd day
3rd day
3rd day
Revision for collection route Draft 2&3 - Truck

17. Improvement for collection efficiency
 Preliminary notification to the collection conduct area
• From the survey result of the collection service, the collection efficiency at the point where collection started without
Preliminary notification of collection is low. This is because it took a while to collect the garbage inside the house after the
collection vehicle came. On the other hand, the collection efficiency was high in the place where the collection was
carried out after notifying collection beforehand by horn. This is because the user was waiting on the street with the
garbage.
• If the collection vehicles can notify the user of collection beforehand, improvement of collection efficiency can be
expected.
• A collection area is classified for each collection route, and on the day on which collection is carried out, a class to be
collected (collection conduct area) is notified to the user using Facebook or the like. (The committee created a Facebook
page)
• For example, in the current collecting route, since the tractor makes one round in four days, the collection area is divided
into four.
 Change the tractor's horn.
• Tractor horn uses regular horn. Therefore, it can not be distinguished whether it is a tractor signal of garbage collection or
another tractor horn. For this reason, there was a claim that some residents could not throw out the garbage without
knowing whether or not the collection came.
• The truck uses a horn different from the usual horn, and it is necessary to equip the tractor with the same horn as well.
• In addition, even in Waring Municipality the horn of the collection vehicle is made different from the normal horn.
 Setting and announcing garbage rules
• We set up rules on how to dispose garbage to improve the collection rate, etc., and notify the users (see next page). Such
as collect garbage so that workers can easily lift them, or because corrugated cardboard will contain water and be broken,
put plastic bag inside the cardboard and use it. communication methods: Brochure, clearly stated in collection vehicles,
audio announcement at collection, Facebook
 Individual measures to inefficient routes
• From the survey results of the collection service, extract points where the collection efficiency is lower than 0.8 and take
measures individually.
 Suppression of waste generation
• From the results of the collection service survey, collection efficiency was high in Khanigaun and Uparotamghas. This is
because the amount of garbage generated from each household is small. As efforts for medium- and long-term efforts, it
is necessary to promote the reduction of waste generation. 17

18. Setting and announcing garbage rules
18
Many users gather garbage in
Bora(plastic bag), the worker takes
out the garbage and returns bora to
the user. Work is relatively smooth.
Some users use plastic buckets.
Return the plastic bucket to the user
after throwing out the garbage. Work
is also relatively smooth.
Combine garbage in plastic bags,
discard garbage together with plastic
bags. Since it is not necessary to
return plastic bags, it is the least time
consuming method. The size of the
plastic bag is just right size for people
to lift.
Examples of how to put out garbage that can
be collected efficiently

19. Setting and announcing garbage rules
19
Examples of how to put out garbage that can be collected inefficiently
Since there are multiple small bags and they are not gathered, the worker needs
to lift the garbage a plurality of times. Also, because it is kept outside, the
corrugated cardboard is damaged including moisture, and the dust entering the
cardboard is scattered. It takes time to collect scattered garbage. It is necessary
to collect garbage in one bag and keep it indoors.
Because the bag is too big, they can
not carry it up by oneself.
It is necessary to use a bag of a size
that one person can carry.
Glass is discharged in the exposed state.
Because there is a danger of injury, it is
necessary to carefully do the work, it
takes time. It is necessary to crush the
glass, wrap it in cloth or paper, and
explicitly indicate that glass is included.
Heavy things such as bricks take time to
carry and lift. The committee may
consider a policy of clarifying the type
of garbage to collect and not collecting
bricks and stones.

20. Individual measures to inefficient routes - Tractor
20
Legend
Collection efficiency =number of
households collected / collection
time（HHs/min）
0.0-0.8
0.8-0.9
0.9-1.2
1.2-
Mass emitter
A Apartment house
Collection start point
Not notified beforehand
Mass emitter
K Apartment house
Mass emitter
J Hotel
Mass emitter
C Apartment House
/ D School / E
Hospital / F Bank
Mass
emitter
I Apartment
house
Mass emitter
B Bike store
G Road undeveloped
H High volume of
construction waste
Mass emitter
L Chicken meat
processing plant /
M Hospital / N
Supermarket
Mass emitter
P Restaurant
Mass emitter
O Greengrocer

21. Individual measures to inefficient routes - Tractor
21
Mass emitter
Q Greengrocer
R Road undeveloped
It took time to carry
garbage from the
word office.
Legend
Collection efficiency =number of
households collected / collection
time（HHs/min）
0.0-0.8
0.8-0.9
0.9-1.2
1.2-

22. Individual measures to inefficient routes - Truck
22
Mass emitter
T Greengrocer
Collection start point
Not notified beforehand
Collection start point
Not notified beforehand
Collection start point
Not notified beforehand
Mass emitter
U Restaurant
Mass emitter
O Greengrocer
Mass emitter
V Apartment house
Mass emitter
S School
Collection start point
Not notified beforehand
Collection start point
Not notified beforehand
W Bottleneck road
Legend
Collection efficiency =number of
households collected / collection
time（HHs/min）
0.0-0.8
0.8-0.9
0.9-1.2
1.2-

23. Maintenance of road for shortening transportation time
 Arghakhanchi Jeep Park - Dumping site (next page ①)
• From the survey results of the collection service, the transit time of this route occupied about 42%
of the transit time in the tractor and about 35% of the transit time in the truck.
• By improving the route, it is expected that the transportation time will be greatly improved.
 Pulano Bazaar - Arghakhanchi Jeep Park (next page ②)
• It is a route frequently used by tractor.
 Near the Khanigaun choke (next page ③)
• There is a danger of hitting the exposed piping of the water distribution, so the tractor do not pass
into the back of the road. For this reason, users at the back of the road need to carry garbage by
hands, so it took time to collect.
 Other unpaved roads
• Proceed with maintenance systematically.
23
①Arghakhanchi Jeep Park - Dumping
site
②Pulano Bazaar - Arghakhanchi Jeep
Park
③Near the Khanigaun choke
Exposed piping is popping out on the road.

24. Collection access route and maintenance priority route
24
①Arghakhanchi
Jeep Park -
Dumping site
②Pulano Bazaar -
Arghakhanchi Jeep Park
②Near the
Khanigaun choke
Legend
Paved
Unpaved

25. Management of collection vehicles
25
 Implement scheduled maintenance of collection vehicles
• Last year, since the tractor broke down, the committee bought a new tractor and repaired the
failure, so it took a long time to start the collection. Implement scheduled maintenance of
collection vehicles and carry out repair in a preventive maintenance. In Waling Municipality,
collection vehicles are inspected at an automobile repair shop once every six months.
 Investigation of countermeasures such as using substitute collection vehicles at the time of collection
vehicle failure
• In the event that a collecting vehicle breaks down, in order to start collecting as soon as possible,
make it possible to use one tractor as an alternative collecting vehicle, keep the repaired tractor
ready for use.
A newly purchased tractor. If maintenance is not done,
either one will fail.
Truck. Since the net of the loading part is broken and
garbage is spread over the net, attention is necessary when
dumping.

26. Collection on rainy weather
26
 Maintenance of roads to dumping sites
• Because the road to the dumping site is not paved, in the rainy weather muddy car does
not go. Also, because it is a cliff, there is a risk that the collection vehicles fall, so the
collection vehicles do not collect garbage in the rainy weather. The Resunga Municipality
needs to preferentially implement the road improvement to the dumping site. (Refer to
maintenance priority route)
 Providing rain gear to workers
• The committee provide rainwear necessary for work in rainy weather to workers.
Road to the dumping site. It is an unpaved cliff area. Because there is no side groove, rainwater drainage
is not done, so it is muddy when it rains.

27. Designation of collection area and maintenance of road
27
 Formulation of plan to designate collection area
• In order to secure public urban sanitation, it is necessary to collect and manage all waste
as much as possible. Currently, since membership in the committee is voluntary,
uncollected households also exist in the collection area. The Resunga Municipality needs
to designate a collection area that obligates collection of waste, and to promote
thorough conservation of urban environment and waste management.
• Especially in suburb area, plastic garbage has a large influence on wildlife, livestock and
the natural environment, so it is necessary to expand the designation of the collection
area and preserve the natural environment.
• In Waling Municipality, collection of plastic garbage suburb area is carried out once
every two months.
 Road maintenance based on plan
• In the collection area designated in plan, in
order to carry out efficient collection by
collecting vehicles, designate the routes that
should be preferentially developed based on
the plan, and systematically advance the
development of the road.

28. Financial improvement for sustainable organization management
28
Sustainable organization management is necessary to continuously improve waste management services.
Current situation Subject Problem Direction of solution
• There were many households
who had delinquent fee for two
years or more.
• I heard a lot of voices from users
that they do not know how to pay
fees and payment place.
• The staff does not control the
number of delinquents and the
amount of delinquency.
Reduction
of
delinquent
• The committee does not implement efforts
for users to pay themselves.
• It is difficult to manage the number of
delinquents and the amount of delinquency
as they are managed by handwritten books.
• The staff carries out collecting fee to
delinquents once every six months. If
delinquent is absent and can not be paid at
the time of collecting fee, it will be
postponed at the next collection.
• Communication on method of payment
to users
• Introduction of lump sum payment
system and discount system to
prepayment to prompt user's payment
• Computer management of registrant list,
creation of list of delinquent,
implementation of collecting fee based
on the list of delinquent
• Increase frequency of collecting fee
• When collecting fee, the staff
check payment status by checking
registrants list and registration
card owned by residents. If there
is no registration card, it took
quite a while to check payment
status.
Improveme
nt for
efficiency
of
collecting
fee
• The registrant list is handwritten, and it is
necessary to look it by eye.
• Registrant information is only the registration
number, place name, registrant name, and
information for identifying registrants is small.
• Computer management of registrant
information
• Addition of registrant information for
specifying registrants
• Creating a residential map for identifying
registrants
• Residents who are discharging
waste without registration are
confirmed.
Reduction
of
unregistere
d persons
• There are unregistered people who do not
know the necessity of registration.
• There are unregistered people who do not
intentionally register and discharge waste
without paying fee, and there is no one who
guides this unregistered person.
• Communication of necessity of
registration
• Denial of waste of malicious unregistered
person
• Guidance by Resunga Municipality etc. to
malicious unregistered person
• Currently, except for mass
emitters, uniform fee is set for
each area according to the
amount of waste generated.
However, households have biased
waste generation within the
current area, and the fee is not
fair.
Revision of
fee
according
to waste
generation
amount
• The amount of waste generated by area and
household is unknown.
• Since there is no business management plan
including income, expenditure, investment
etc., it is difficult to set an appropriate fee.
• Implementation of survey on waste
generation amount by area and
households, which is the basis for judging
the revision of usage fee
• Formulation of business management
plan

29. Reduction of delinquent
29
 Communication on method of payment to users
• Contents: usage fee, payment place
• Methods: Brochure, clearly stated in collection vehicle, announce audio announcement at
collection, Facebook (committee creates Facebook page)
 Introduction of lump sum payment system and discount system to prepayment to prompt user's
payment
• Introduction of a discount system for those who came to pay the office themselves and prepaid
• For example, as a division of 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, etc, there is an incentive for long-term
prepayment such as raising the discount rate over the long term.
 Computer management of registrant list, creation of list of delinquent, implementation of collecting fee
based on the list of delinquent
• To manage the number of delinquents and the amount of delinquency and creation of a list of
delinquents, digitize the registrant list and manage it with a computer.
• The committee conduct training to acquire computer operation skills of staff related to accounting.
 Increase frequency of collecting fee
• Currently, there is one employee pertaining to collecting fee. In the case of Baglung Municipality
the number of households collected per person per day is 291 households. Since the number of
collected households in Resunga Municipality is about 1,000 households, there is a possibility that
it can be collected from all households in 1000 ÷ 291 ≒ 3.4 ≒ 4 days.
• For example, in the first week of each month, as a period of collecting fee by door-to-door visits,
the remaining week may be a method of collecting fee at the office.
• In Baglung City, two staff members visit the door-to-door once a month, collecting 3,500
households in 6 days (6: 30-13: 00, 16: 00-19: 00).

30. Improvement for efficiency of collecting fee
30
 Computer management of registrant information
• Currently, the staff visually identify registrants from handwritten registrants list. With
the introduction of computer management, the search and identification of registrants
using computer at the office and using tablet devices on the site is made efficient.
• Currently, the staff update renewal registrants list by handwriting. It is a task of updating
and outputting the registrant list digitized by computer management, and it is
considerably more efficient.
 Addition of registrant information for specifying registrants
• Registration date and Contact information (telephone number) of registrant are needed
to be included in registrant list.
In Baglung Municipality, registrant
information is managed using
dedicated software.
 Creating a residential map for identifying registrants
• When the registrant loses the registrant card, such as
when the registrant is absent and the registrant card is
unknown, the registrant information is insufficient and
it is difficult to identify the registrant from
handwritten registrants list.
• By creating a residential map that associates the
location of the house with the registration number, it
is possible to identify the registrant from the position
of the house.

31. Digitization of registrant information, residential map image
31
1 2 3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11
12
13
14
15 16
17 18
19
20
21
22
registration
number
Registrant
name
Registration
date
Contact
information
Payment
status
1 ・・・ ・・・ ・・・ ・・・
2 ・・・ ・・・ ・・・ ・・・
・・・ ・・・ ・・・ ・・・ ・・・
Residential map image
Digitization of registrant information
Association by
registration
number

32. Reduction of unregistered persons
32
 Communication of necessity of registration
• Contents: registration method, registration place, usage fee, payment place
• Methods: Brochure, clearly stated in collection vehicle, announce audio announcement
at collection, Facebook (committee creates Facebook page)
 Denial of waste of malicious unregistered person
• In order to protect workers and drivers, prepare a system for reporting to police,
protection of workers and drivers by police.
 Guidance by Resunga Municipality etc. to malicious unregistered person
• Committee, Tol bikhas samiti, Resunga Municipality and police establish a coordination
system.
• If a malicious unregistered person fails to follow the guidance of the committee, the
guidance will be gradually implemented by Tol bikhas samiti, by Resunga Municipality,
by police.
Malicious unregistered person
Commi
ttee
Gradual guidance
Police
Resunga
Municipality
Tol bikhas
samiti

33. Revision of fee according to waste generation amount
33
Current status of usage fee
in Resunga Municipality
Urban area : 100 NRs / month
Suburb area: 50 NRs / month
Mass emitter: 1000 NRs / month
Public facilities (word office, city office,
police): Free
 Implementation of survey on waste generation amount by area and households, which is the
basis for judging the revision of usage fee
• In the case of Baglung Municipality, Tol Bikhas Samiti conducted a questionnaire survey
and waste generation amount survey, and made a charge setting of 5 stages (50 to 400
NRs / month) based on the classification of 46 buildings. See next page
 Formulation of business management plan
• In addition to explicitly showing current expenses and income, formulate a business
management plan that shows the outlook for management in the next three years or so.
• In the business management plan, It is necessary to clearly indicate expenses such as
maintenance of maintenance workers, insurance of workers, equipment introduction of
dumping sites, capital investment such as purchase of computers of registrants, reserve
funds, etc.
In the current fee setting, both use the same usage fee
Public facilities are collecting services but free of charge

34. Fees table (example of Baglung Municipality)
34
वर्ग वववरण मूल्य वर्ग वववरण मूल्य
क 1 प्रतत घर ५० घ 26 मासज ववक्ती के न्र २००
2 पान पसल 27 Restaurant (ठूलो)
3 ठेला पसल 28 गाडी तथा मेलिनरी Parts पसल
ख 4 चचया तथा दूध, दही पसल १०० 29 लमष्ठान्न भण्डार (लमठाई पसल)
5 Cosmetic (सानो) 30 हाईवेयर पसल
6 भााँडा पसल 31 Clinic तथा Clinic सहहतको औषचध पसल
7 सजन चााँदी पसल 32 कलर ल्याव
8 सरकारी तथा गैर सरकारी संघ संस्था 33 सामजदातयक तथा तनजज ववद्यालय
ग 9 Hotel (सानो) १५० 34 Furniture उद्योग
10 फे न्सी कपडा, तथा सपोर्ु (सानो) 35 Hotel (मझौला)
11 फलफू ल तथा तरकारी (सामान्य)
12 कपडा सहहतको Tailoring ड 36 फे न्सी कपडा, तथा सपोर्ु (ठूलो) ३००
13 औषचध तथा Hospitalको सामग्री
पसल
37 खान्द्यान्ना (Hole Sale)
14 खाद्यान्न ककराना पसल 38 गोदाम (Hole Sale)
15 बैंक तथा ववत्तीय तथा सहकारी पसल 39 चग्रल, मतल Bulk shop
16 ताललम के न्र 40 गाडी तथा मोर्रसाइकल Bulk shop
17 Stationery पसल 41 ममुत के न्र
18 रक्सी डडलर तथा खजरा 42 छापखाना
19 Electronics च 43 Hotel (ठूलो) ४००
20 िोरुम 44 फलफू ल तथा तरकारी (Hole Sale)
21 जजत्ता पसल 45 मासज काट्ने स्थल तथा कर्ान सहहतको पसल
22 Restaurant (सानो) 46 Hostel
23 Transport
24 Parlor
25 Hair cutting Salon

35. Management of infectious waste (hospital waste)
35
Medical waste -Syringe with needle-Medical waste -body fluid-
 Mixing of infectious waste such as a tube to which body fluid adheres and a syringe with
needle was confirmed. There is a danger of being infected by workers by infectious waste,
and If infectious waste is scattered from the collecting vehicle, there is a danger of being
infected by residents.
 Immediate measures are necessary to ensure the safety of workers and residents.

36. Separate collection of glasses (stepwise measures for waste volume
waste)
36
 The committee is instructing to sell the glass bottle to Kabaddi and do
not basically collect the glass bottle in regular collection. Meanwhile, as a
result of interviews to Kabaddi, Kabaddi had a policy not to buy a small
amount of glass bottles. Therefore, it is necessary for the user to sell a
certain amount to the Kabaddi after storing it, causing problems such as
lack of storage space.
 Collection dates for glasses is set up once every two months in Waling
Municipality and once a month in Tansen Municipality.
 In Resunga Municipality as well, it is necessary to set up a collection date
of glasses, separate collection, and to prepare a system to sell collected
items to Kabaddi etc. In addition, it is necessary to consider the
collection frequency according to the generation amount of glasses.
 It is desirable to construct a simple storage warehouse to prevent the
collected glasses from being scattered or stolen. Kabaddi does not buy a small amount
of glass bottles
Under the cliff of the damping site is a flat land, construction of a storage
warehouse is possible.
Simple storage warehouse image

37. Operation of a controlled landfill site
37
 Since the current dumping site of Tamghas is open dumping, scattering of waste, generation of smoke
harmful to the human body due to spontaneous ignition, occurrence of offensive odors, occurrence of
Infectious disease vector such as flies are occurring. We are concerned about not only health damage to
workers at dumping site but also health damage to neighboring residents due to generated smoke. Since
the increase in carcinogenic risk due to smoke is a long-term influence, health damage is unlikely to
become obvious, so it seems that the problem tends to be neglected.
 Short-term measures
• Extend the road to the flat land under the cliff of the current dumping site, classify the area, and
systematically put waste into the site. Cover the waste with soil on regular basis.
• In the current mixed collection, it is necessary to purchase a large amount of soil in order to cover
the collected waste.
• In case of collecting kitchen waste separately which is the cause of spontaneous ignition and
covering only kitchen waste , less covered soil can be purchased than the above method.
Smoke evolved daily for 8 days during the survey period. Due to the inclusion of
plastics in many wastes, generation of dioxins, which are carcinogenic substances,
is expected due to burning at low temperature.
Under the cliff of the dumping site is a
flat land, it is possible to implement a
controlled landfill site.

38. Worker safety and health management
38
 It is the responsibility of the employer to manage the safety and health of workers. Currently, workers
manage individual safety and health by each person. In the current mixed, hazardous waste such as glass
and infectious waste are contained, and the health and life of workers are in danger. Urgent measures
are necessary.
 Implement safety and health education for workers, implement vaccination, subscribe to injury and
disease insurance, provide safety equipment (masks, gloves, shoes, clothes) etc.
· Hair, head, arms and legs are exposed.
· Workers bring masks, gloves, shoes and clothes by themselves
· No vaccination, no injury and disease insurance
· No implementation of safety and health education
· Hair, head, arms and legs are protected.
· Masks, gloves, shoes, clothes are provided by the Municipality.
· Thick gloves and shoes
· With Vaccination, with injury and disease insurance
· Implementation of safety and health education
Waling MunicipalityResunga Municipality

39. Step 39

40. Formulation of waste management plan for construction of recycling
center
40
Waste prevention
Waste volume reduction
under investigation

41. Technical liaison conference
Awarded Clean City etc.
Nepal Gov.
फोहोरमैला व्यवस्थापन
प्राववचधक सहयोग के न्र
वाललङ न.पा.,
बागलजङ न.पा. etc.
बबषयबस्तज
सदस्य
रेसुङ्र्ा न.पा.
मुससकोट न.पा.
चन्द्रकोट र्ा.पा.
रुरु र्ा.पा.
सत्यवती र्ा.पा.
कालीर्ण्डकी र्ा.पा.
छात्रकोट र्ा.पा.
र्ुल्मीदरबार र्ा.पा.
धुकोट र्ा.पा.
इस्मा र्ा.पा.
मासलका र्ा.पा. मदाने र्ा.पा.
Landfill site ननमागण र maintainace
अलर्अलर् संकलन,फोहोरको उत्पादन घटाउने,
Intermediate treatment,
Transportation
Final disposal,
Financal Improvemnt, शुल्क संकलन
प्राववचधक सहयोग
• गजल्मी जजल्लाको गा.पा. र न.पा. रेसजङ्गा न.पा. बाहेक यो आचथुक बषुदेखख नयााँ िजरु गरेको
local body हो l सबै local body फोहोरमैला ब्यबस्थापनको ज्ञान र प्रबबचधको जानकारी छैन, र
कमुचारी कलम छ l local bodyको कमुचारीहरुमा फोहोरमैला ब्यबस्थापनको ज्ञान र प्रबबचध
सम्बन्धी क्षमताको प्रगती चाहहन्छ l
• त्यसकारर्ले, स्थानीय तह कमुचारीहरुले प्रत्येक local bodyको अवस्था, प्रयास र राम्रो
कामको जानकारी एकापसमा आदानप्रदान गरेर, त्यहााँ ललएको ज्ञान आ-आफ्नो कायाुलयमा
ल्याएर, स्थानीय फोहोरमैला ब्यबस्थापनलाई सदजपयोग गने उदेश्यको रुपमा `प्रववचधक संपकु
सभा` प्रस्ताव गदुछज l

42. Technical Support Resources
42
No Organization
1 Solid Waste Management Technical Support Centre(SWMTSC)：Nepal Gov.
2 Pokhara Municipality：Awarded Clean City 2013
3 Waling Municipality ：Awarded Clean City 2016
4 Dhankuta Municipality ：Awarded Clean City 2017
5 Baglung Municipality：Good practice
6 Wowen Environmet Preservation Committee (NGO)：Good practice
7 Urban Environment Management Society (NGO)：Good practice
8 Kathmandu Municipality : Activity area of JOCV
9 Beshisahar Municipality : Activity area of JOCV
10 Byas Municipality : Activity area of JOCV

43. Waling Nagarpalika
43

44. Dhankuta Nagarmalika
44

45. Baglung Nagarpalika
45

46. WOMEN ENVIRONMENT PRESERVATION COMMITTEE (Lalitpur)
46