Calculation on the cut/fill areas

1. 2013
Earth Work Calculation

2. 1
Earth Work Calculation
Table of Contents
1. List of Figures
2. List of Tables
3. Chapter 01
a. Introduction to Earth Work
b. Cut and Fill
c. Cross-sectional Area
d. Earth Work Analysis
4. Chapter 02
a. Objective
b. Study Area
c. Data Source
d. Data Format
e. Software
f. Given Task
g. Methodology
h. Calculations
i. Results
5. References
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Earth Work Calculation
List of Figures
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Figure 1: Cross-Sectional Area
Figure 2: Tank Road
Figure 3: Sample_Data
Figure 4: Fill_Sample
Figure 5: Cut_Sample
Figure 6: Sample Drawing
Figure 7: Excel Sheet_Sample
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List of Table
1. Table 1: Result-l
2. Table 2: Result-ll
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4. 3
Earth Work Calculation
Chapter 01
Introduction to Earth Work
By definition, earth work is defined as:
“Earth work is the excavation, hauling, and placing of soil, rock, gravel, or other material
found below the surface of earth.”
(Surveyor Reference Manual; By George M. Cole, Andrew L. Harbin)
By the word earth work means, all the processes involving in the movement of the different
materials, soil, rocks, and all such materials that are involved in construction. This is the main
part over the construction side. All the accuracy and cost depends upon the level of earth
work.so this has to be done very precisely.
Cut Fill
Cut is defined as:
“Earthwork that is excavated, or to be excavated is known as Cut.”
(Surveyor Reference Manual; By George M. Cole, Andrew L. Harbin)
Similarly, Fill is defined as:
“Excavated that is placed in the embankment (Raise up) is said to be Fill.”
(Surveyor Reference Manual; By George M. Cole, Andrew L. Harbin)
One thing should be kept in mind that the payment of earth work is either for cut or fill, not
for both. It is like paying, for the same earth twice. Normally, the units are „Cubic yards‟.
Cross Section Area
The main task of the earth work is to calculate the cross sectional area of cut and fill
separately. This will help the constructer to estimate the amount of earth that is required to be
moved. That in return decides the cost of the project.
It can be calculated by hand, dividing the cross section into either in triangle or trapezoids,
depending upon the requirement.
Or it can be calculated by the aid of software.
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Earth Work Calculation
Fig 1: Cross Section Area
Earth Work Analysis
There are few steps that are common to each earth work calculations, either by hand or by
software. These steps are as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Take cross-sections (typically 25m)
Define natural ground level.
Define proposed level.
Indicate the cut and fill areas.
Estimate the area measurements of cut and fill.
Estimate the volume per cut and per fill.
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Earth Work Calculation
Chapter 02
Objective:
The objective is minimized the earth work calculation so to exactly estimate the amount of
cut and fill in the construction area.
Study Area
The study area is „Tank Road‟, D.I. Khan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, located at
31°50'53.78" N, 70°52'19.84" E, at the elevation of 585 ft. Located at a distance of 61 km
from
D.I.Khan
Bypass.
Fig 2: Tank Road, D.I.Khan
Data Sources
The source of data is observed cross-sectional points by total level at locations 25m apart.
Data Format
The format of data is in “.dwg”, related to the “Auto-Cad”. One of the examples is as shown
below:
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Earth Work Calculation
Fig 3: Sample Data
Where,
Red Line shows: Original Road
White Line shows: Designed Road
Software
The software used here is:


Auto Cad
Microsoft Excel 2010
Given Task
My task is to calculate the areas of cut and fill. The area assigned to me was: ‘X-Section at km
13+025 ~ 14+000’. This make a total of 1km, divided into 40 parts each at 25m apart.
Methodology
The method was just simple. Followed by some steps, defined as below:
1. Open the Auto-cad.
2. Open the file. (e.g. 13+025)
3. Type ‘pl’ in the Command line.
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Earth Work Calculation
4. Identify the Cut and Fill portions as follows:
a. If the Red line (original road) is below the White line (designed road), then
this portion has to be filled. So known as ‘Fill’.
Fig 4: Fill_Sample
b. If the Red line (original road) is above the White line (designed road), then
this portion has to be cut. So known as ‘Cut’.
Fig 5: Cut_sample
5. Complete a polygon, by placing points on the ‘Nodes’ at the given cut/fill.
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Earth Work Calculation
6. Click on the ‘Properties’. And find out the area of the observed polygon.
Fig 6: Sample_Calculation
Calculations
1. Note the area in the excel sheet, for cut/fill separately.
2. Calculate the volume for each of the cut/fill by multiplying each cut/fill area by 25.
3. Then calculate the difference of both values (cut/fill).
Fig 7: Excel Sheet_sample
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Earth Work Calculation
Results
The final result in the form of Excel sheet is give as follows:
X Section at km 13+050 ~ 14+000
Serial
No.
RD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
13+025
13+050
13+075
13+100
13+125
13+150
13+175
13+200
13+225
13+250
13+275
13+300
13+325
13+350
13+375
13+400
13+425
13+450
13+475
13+500
13+525
13+550
13+575
13+600
13+625
13+650
13+675
13+700
13+725
13+750
13+775
13+800
13+825
13+850
13+875
13+900
13+925
13+950
13+975
14+000
Cut Area(m)
Fill Area(m)
10.906
10.717
10.167
9.561
9.551
9.478
9.675
9.324
9.035
8.997
8.715
8.408
8.089
8.934
9.057
9.074
9.153
9.407
9.468
9.799
9.521
8.902
9.325
8.905
9.447
9.35
9.241
8.885
8.433
8.426
8.501
8.843
7.987
8.779
8.115
7.486
6.939
6.427
6.068
5.334
Cut
Volume(m3)
Fill
Volume(m3)
Difference
272.65
267.925
254.175
239.025
238.775
236.95
241.875
233.1
225.875
224.925
217.875
210.2
202.225
223.35
226.425
226.85
228.825
235.175
236.7
244.975
238.025
222.55
233.125
222.625
236.175
233.75
231.025
222.125
210.825
210.65
212.525
221.075
199.675
219.475
202.875
187.15
173.475
160.675
151.7
133.35
Table 1: Result-l
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Earth Work Calculation
Serial No
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Total
Cumulative Avg. (Fill)
10.8115
21.2535
31.1175
40.6735
50.188
59.7645
69.264
78.4435
87.4595
96.3155
104.877
113.1255
121.637
130.6325
139.698
148.8115
158.0915
167.529
177.1625
186.8225
196.034
205.1475
214.2625
223.4385
232.837
242.1325
251.1955
259.8545
268.284
276.7475
285.4195
293.8345
302.2175
310.6645
318.465
325.6775
332.3605
338.608
344.309
523.1905
7727.5465
Cumulative Avg. (Fill_vol)
270.2875
531.3375
777.9375
1016.8375
1254.7
1494.1125
1731.6
1961.0875
2186.4875
2407.8875
2621.925
2828.1375
3040.925
3265.8125
3492.45
3720.2875
3952.2875
4188.225
4429.0625
4670.5625
4900.85
5128.6875
5356.5625
5585.9625
5820.925
6053.3125
6279.8875
6496.3625
6707.1
6918.6875
7135.4875
7345.8625
7555.4375
7766.6125
7961.625
8141.9375
8309.0125
8465.2
8607.725
13079.7625
193188.6625
Table 2: Result-ll
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12. 11
Earth Work Calculation
References
1. Surveyor Reference Manual, By George M. Cole, Andrew L. Harbin
2. CIVL 361, Earthwork, Dr. Mehmet M. Kunt, Fall 2009, EMU
Atiqa Khan
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