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1. Introduction to
Street and
Workplace
Harassment

2. Definition:
Street and workplace harassment is the belittling or
threatening behavior at any individual worker or a group
of workers.

3. Recently, matters of workplace harassment have gained
interest among practitioners and researchers as it is
becoming one of the most sensitive areas of effective
workplace management. In Asian countries, it attracted lots
of attention from researchers and governments since the
1980s, because a significant source of work stress is
associated with aggressive behaviors.

4. Under the Fair Employment Law harassment in the workplace may
be illegal under two circumstances. The first is when an employer,
supervisor or co-worker singles a person out for
harassment because of that person’s race, color, creed, ancestry,
national origin, age (40 and up), disability, sex, arrest or conviction
record, marital status, sexual orientation or military services. The
second situation is when the content of the harassment itself
relates directly to any of these protected characteristics (i.e. sexual
harassment, use of derogatory ethnic or religious terms, age or
disability related comments, etc.)

5. Offensive conduct may include, but is not limited
to, offensive jokes, slurs, epithets or name calling,
physical assaults or threats, intimidation, ridicule
or mockery, insults or put-downs, offensive objects
or pictures, and interference with work
performance. Harassment can occur in a variety of
circumstances

6.  Workplace harassment may escalate
to threats or acts of physical violence
or a targeted worker may react
violently to prolonged harassment in
the workplace. It is important for
employers to recognize these
behaviors and to deal with them
promptly because they could lead to
workplace violence.

7. Reasons for Harassment
 Gender
 Civil status
 Family status, for example, as a parent of a child
 Sexual orientation
 Age
 Disability
 Race
 Religious belief
 Membership of the Traveler community

8. Harassment based on any of the above grounds is
a form of discrimination in relation to conditions of
employment. The Employment Equality Acts 1998-
2011 define harassment as “unwanted conduct”
which is related to any of the 9 discriminatory
grounds above.

9. Harassment can be by a fellow worker,
your boss or someone in a superior
position, a client, a customer or any other
business contact. Harassment can take
place at work or on a training course, on a
work trip, at a work social event or any
other occasion connected with your job.
.

10. The “unwanted conduct” includes spoken words,
gestures or the production and display of written
words, pictures and other material. This includes
offensive gestures or facial expressions,
unwelcome and offensive calendars, screen-
savers, e-mails and any other offensive material.

11. Street and
Workplace
Harassment in
Pakistan

12. Street and Workplace
Harassment
 Workplace harassment is the threatening behavior
directed at an individual worker or a group of workers.
 Street harassment is a form of sexual
harassment that consists of unwanted comments and
threats on street.

13. Street and workplace
Harassment in Pakistan
 Pakistan is a male dominated society with low literacy
rate
 Female is considered as second class citizen
 . In Pakistan harassment is related to sexual
harassment, verbal abuse, mental torture and threats
on streets and in working place.

14. Reasons for Street and workplace
Harassment in Pakistan
 Harassment at workplace is commonly practiced by
the upper management
 Gender Inequality is very common
 failure to implement harassment policies

15. Reasons for Street and
workplace Harassment in
Pakistan Women are not aware of their legal rights related to
harassment
 In private sector, there are more harassment cases
and mostly women don’t speak because of financial
crises
 flaws In Pakistani law system

16. Role of government
 Act that are passed by the national assembly of
Pakistan
 According to the government the principles are built on
equal opportunity of men and women without
discrimination
 Act complies with the Government’s commitment to
high international labor standards and empowerment
of women.

17. Role of NGO’s
 Edhi foundation
 Aurat Foundation is working on spreading awareness
regarding the legal right of women that state has
provided them
 Online campaigns such as ‘No TO Harassment’ and
‘gawahi.com’

18. workplace
harassment
IT IS THE BELITTLING OR THREATENING BEHAVIOR
DIRECTED AT AN INDIVIDUAL WORKER OR A GROUP
OF WORKERS

19. types
• PHYSICAL HARASSMENT
• EMOTIONAL HARASSMENT

20. Physical Harassment
It includes:
o Punching
o Pushing
o Slapping
o Kicking
o Poking
o Hair pulling
o Scratching
o Standing over someone
o Pulling away a chair as someone is about to sit
down

21. Typical excuses include:
 It was an accident.
 We were only mucking around.
 It was all in fun.

22. Emotional harassment
It include:
 Making rude gestures
 Repeated teasing
 Whispering about someone behind his/her back
 Passing notes about someone
 Imitating someone speech or behaviour in a way designed to offend
 Laughing at someone mistakes
 Excluding someone from group activities
 Passing around nasty gossip with a view to making someone feel bad

23. Typical excuses include:
 I didn’t say a thing.
 It’s all in his/her imagination.
 We didn’t lay a hand on her.

24. victims
 The victims of workplace harassment can be separated into three
categories, based on gender, sexuality, and race.
 While one group experiences workplace harassment more
frequently that others, workplace harassment still affects wide range
of population.

25.  Gender
 Both men and women are victims of workplace
harassment
 Men experience less workplace harassment than
women,

26.  Sexuality
 Face discrimination from society
 harassment from the public after disclosing one’s
sexuality
 Race
 culturally stigmatized groups face more workplace
harassments

27. Impacts
 Alcoholism
 rely on drinking to cope with the emotional distress
resulting from problematic social conditions
 Women have more inclination towards drinking
 The negative drinking effects are more severe for
women than they are for men

28.  PTSD
 Known as war wound-workplace become a war zone
for a victim
 Occurs when respondents exceed recommended
threshold value
 intensive or overwhelming threat to a person which
often results in the destruction of his or her sense of
security.

29.  Other Psychological Effects
 focused nature of the assault destabilizes and the
target's identity, ego strength, and ability to recover
from the assaults
 Results in negative psychological effect e.g. Anxiety
(80%), Panic Attacks (52%), Depression (49%), PTSD
(30%), Shame - sense of deserving a bad fate, Guilt
,Overwhelming sense of Injustice.

30. Preventions
 Working environments must counsel with labourers
 Permitting specialists a sensible chance to express
their perspectives on wellbeing and security matters

31. Street
Harassment
IT IS A FORM OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT THAT
CONSISTS OF UNWANTED COMMENTS, WOLF-
WHISTLES, AND OTHER ACTIONS BY STRANGERS IN
PUBLIC AREAS.

32. Health effectsDEPRESSION
STRESS DISORDER
BLOOD PRESSURE
SUICIDE
SLEEP PROBLEMS

33. Depression
 Victims of street harassment can experience
long-term depression.
 self-blame may have a negative effect on mental
health.
Stress disorder:
 Those researchers found that experiences of
sexual harassment were significantly correlated
with SD symptoms in 450 women who were
interviewed.

34. Blood Pressure
 Street harassment boosts blood pressure.
 Sexual harassment may trigger the same type of
physiological reactions as stress, which is
thought to raise the risk of cardiovascular
disease.
Suicide:
 The study found that 23 percent of students had
experienced at least one incident of unwanted
sexual touching, sexual threats or remarks, or
indecent exposure in the past six months and
they attempted suicide

35. Sleep Problems:
 Street harassment has been linked to sleep
disturbances.
 This may be because the stress and anxiety of
the event affects sleep habits.

36. Common effects on
victims
 Becoming publicly sexualized
 Being objectified and humiliated by scrutiny and gossip
 Defamation of character and reputation
 Loss of trust in environments
 Effects on relationships
 Firing and refusal for a job opportunity
 Having to relocate to another city

37. Psychological
effects
 feeling powerless or out of control
 feeling angry or violent towards the perpetrator
 feeling betrayed and/or violated
 loss of confidence and self-esteem
 withdrawal and isolation
 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

38. Criminalization
THE PROCESS BY WHICH BEHAVIORS AND
INDIVIDUALS ARE TRANSFORMED INTO CRIME AND
CRIMINALS"

39. Criminalization
 It is a commonly held myth that street harassment
happens in low income communities and communities
of color.
 Further criminalizing street harassment can have a
negative impact on families and communities within
already marginalized and targeted groups.

40. Public opinions
 Stop and ask the target of the abuse if they are all
right.
 Tell them that their comments, noises or actions are
offensive and abusive.
 Judge the situation and decide what action, if any, is
safest for both you and the victim.
 Education plays an important role in changing societal
attitudes. Parents need to be involved at home in
educating their children about what abuse and
harassment are and why they are wrong.

41. Preventions
CRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES INCLUDES FOUR
MAJOR PREVENTION STRATEGIES:

42. Firstly
 Developmental prevention refers to interventions
designed to prevent the development of criminal
potential in individuals, especially those targeting risk
and protective factors discovered in studies of human
development.
 Anti- violence education is applicable to people of all
ages but the content and format of any educational
programs should vary at different stages of human
development.

43. Secondly
 Situational prevention refers to interventions designed
to prevent the occurrence of crimes by reducing
opportunities and increasing the risk and difficulty of
offending.
 By taking security measures like improved lighting,
using cctv camera in public space and transport,
adopting city safety plan, providing training and tips to
women to avoid high-risk situation ,using self-defense
technique and fight back, instant protest.

44. Thirdly
 Community prevention refers to interventions
designed to change the social conditions and
institutions (e.g., families, peers, social norms) that
influence offending in residential communities.
 Adopting rape prevention program in locality or
community can be an example of such prevention that
already adopted by some cities.

45. Fourth
 Criminal justice prevention refers to traditional
deterrent, in capacitative, and rehabilitative strategies
operated by law enforcement and criminal justice
system agencies.
 it can done by enforcement of laws, speedy disposal
of cases and exemplary punishment by the judiciary,
providing attention and better treatment to victims and
witnesses.

46. SUGGESTED
SOLUTIONS

47. Street harassment
 Harassers comments should not be ignored.
 Simple and aggressive response should be used.
 Use of imagination instead of acting violently.
 Educating and creating awareness.

48.  Women should be encouraged.
 Awareness about women’s rights.

49. Workplace harassment
 Harassment issues should be reported to the head of
the organizations.
 Victims should be given benefits.
 Quick action should be taken against harasser.
 Workplace harassment policy should be developed.

50.  That policy should be made public.
 Current and new employee should be told about policy.
 In training, workplace and other discrimination training
should also be given.
 Updating of workplace harassment policy.

51.  All employees should be informed about any change in policy.