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Universal Usability
- 2. 02 Usability is a measure of how well a specific user in a specific context can use a product/design to achieve a defined goal effectively, efficiently and satisfactorily. Designers usually measure a design’s usability throughout the development process—from wireframes to the final deliverable—to ensure maximum usability. Usability
- 3. 03 “Usability is about human behavior. It recognizes that humans are lazy, get emotional, are not interested in putting a lot of effort into, say, getting a credit card and generally prefer things that are easy to do vs. those that are hard to do.” — David McQuillen, ex-Swiss banker and founder of Sufferfest cycling workout resources
- 4. 04 01 It supports users in completing actions accurately. Effectiveness 02 Users can perform tasks quickly through the easiest process. Efficiency 04 It supports a range of user actions and only shows an error in genuine erroneous situations. Error Tolerance 03 Users find it pleasant to use and appropriate for its industry/topic. Engagement 05 New users can accomplish goals easily and even more easily on future visits. Ease of Learning Elements of Usability
- 6. 06 Universal Usability refers to the design of information and communications products and services that are usable for every citizen
- 7. 07 Advocated by Prof. Ben Shneiderman A computer scientist at the Human-Computer Interaction Lab at the University of Maryland, College Park
- 8. 08 Difference Between Universal Usability & Accessibility Accessibility is concerned primarily with making the content and functionality of web sites accessible—within reach—to all users. Universal usability goes one step further, striving to make the content and functionality accessible and usable by all.
- 9. 09 To enable the widest possible range of users to benefit from information and communications services. This goal is stronger than merely providing access, which focuses on technology availability and is often tied to access for users with disabilities. Universal usability implies that diverse users with varying language skills, knowledge levels, motivation, and computer hardware/software can successfully apply technology to get what they need in life. The Goal of Universal Usability
- 10. 10 5 Quality Components of Usability 01 How easy is it for users to accomplish basic tasks the first time they encounter the design? Learnability 02 Once users have learned the design, how quickly can they perform tasks? Efficiency 04 How many errors do users make, how severe are these errors, and how easily can they recover from the errors? Errors 03 When users return to the design after a period of not using it, how easily can they reestablish proficiency? Memorability 05 How pleasant is it to use the design? Satisfaction
- 11. 11 Universal Usability Guidelines Discard the notion that we are designing for a “typical” user. Universal usability accounts for users of all ages, experience levels, and physical or sensory limitations. Users also vary widely in their technical circumstances: in screen size, network speed, browser versions, and specialized software such as screen readers for the visually impaired. Moving beyond the “typical” user
- 12. 12 Universal Usability Guidelines We need a design approach that will accommodate the diversity of our user base, and here we turn to the principle of adaptation. On the web, universal usability is achieved through adaptive design, where documents transform to accommodate different user needs and contexts. Supporting adaptation When considering universal usability, we need to anticipate diversity and build flexible pages that adapt gracefully to a wide variety of displays and user needs. Guidelines supporting adaptation Flexibility Flexibility paired with user control allows users to take control of their web experience and shape it into a form that works within their use context. User control
- 13. 13 Universal Usability Guidelines Guidelines supporting adaptation (Cont..) Make actionable elements workable via the keyboard to ensure that the interactivity of the web is accessible to the broadest spectrum of users. Keyboard functionality Text equivalents allow universal usability to exist in a media-rich environment by carrying information to users who cannot access information in a given format. Text equivalents
- 14. 14 Challenges to Universal Usability Supporting a broad range of hardware, software, and network access. Individual differences among users, such as age, gender, disabilities, literacy, culture, income, and so forth. Bridging the knowledge gap between what users know and what they need to know about a specific system. Variety of ICT Products Accommodating Individual Differences Knowledge Gap
- 15. How to Design for Optimum Usability Work with a clear understanding of users’ goals and show it in your design. Mimic the real world regarding concepts, icons and language. Present instantly understandable, jargon-free messages and actions users can take—one chief action per screen. Limit options to give a strong information scent on an uncluttered display—show essential information for completing tasks. Keep content consistent. Follow established norms regarding function and layout (e.g., logo positioning, tappable buttons). Use proper font size, color, contrast, whitespace, etc. Use chunking and emphasize key information at the beginning and end of interactive sequences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 15
- 16. How to Design for Optimum Usability (Cont..) 9.Offer informative feedback about system status. 10. Include helpful navigation systems and search functionality. 11. Allow for customizable controls, including shortcuts. 12. Avoid disruptions – e.g., forced logins/pop-ups. 13. Make forms easy to complete. 14. Include warnings and autocorrect features to minimize errors. 15. Make errors easy to diagnose. 16. Offer easy-to-understand help documentation. 17. Show clear contact options. 18. Provide a back button to undo actions. 16
- 17. How to Design for Optimum Usability (Cont..) 19. Include ALT tags to show more information about images. 20. Consider server abilities regarding page-loading time and downtime. 21. Beware of in-app browsers and restrictions (e.g., scrolling) in mobile design. 22. Make links active. 23. Describe links accurately. 24. Use user personas. 25. Do thorough usability testing. 17