Introduction to computer systems. Architecture of computer systems

1. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
Introduction to computer systems.
Architecture of computer systems

2. Lecture content
1. Overview of Computer Systems
2. Types of computers
3. Data Representation in a Computer System
4. Control questions

3. Overview of Computer Systems
A computer is an electronic machine that performs input, processing, storing, and
output operations according to programmed instructions to carry out specific tasks.
Computer
systems
Hardware
Software
Network

4. Overview of Computer Systems
Computer architecture is a specification detailing how a set of software and
hardware technology standards interact to form a computer system or platform.
Memory
Data and
instructions CPU
Arithmetic logic
unit (ALU)
Registers
Control logic
Devices
Input
output

5. Overview of Computer Systems
The hardware system consists of external and internal physical components that enable a
computer to accept input data, process and store data, and produce outputs.
External
hardware
components of
a computer.

6. Overview of Computer Systems
The hardware system consists of external and internal physical components that enable a
computer to accept input data, process and store data, and produce outputs.
Hardware
components
inside the
system unit

7. Overview of Computer Systems
Software System – Operating System Software and Application Software. The two different types
of software programs are operating system software and application software.
Users
Application
software
Operating
System
Software
Hardware
system

8. Overview of Computer Systems
The network systems manages the way data is transferred from one computer to
another and work of different components of a network system.

9. Types of computers
Computers can be broadly classified by their speed and computing power.
PC (Personal Computer)
WorkStation
Mini Computer
Main Frame
Supercomputer
Microcontroller

10. Types of computers
A PC can be defined as a
small, relatively inexpensive
computer designed for an
individual user
Workstation is a computer used
for engineering applications
(CAD/CAM), desktop
publishing, software
development, and other types of
applications which require a
moderate amount of computing
power and relatively high quality
graphics capabilities.

11. Types of computers
Minicomputer is a midsize
multi-processing system
capable of supporting up to
250 users simultaneously
Mainframe is very large in size
computer capable of supporting
hundreds or even thousands of
users simultaneously. Mainframe
executes many programs
concurrently and supports many
simultaneous executions of
program

12. Types of computers
Supercomputers are one of
the fastest computers
currently available.
Microcontrollers are single
circuit devices have minimal
memory and program length but
are normally designed to be very
good at performing a niche task.

13. Data Representation in a Computer System
Computers represent data using 0's and 1's, also known as binary numbers

14. Data Representation in a Computer System
A piece of data, such as an alphabet letter, may be represented using a sequence of binary digits- 0's and 1's.

15. Data Representation in a Computer System
The world of computing uses several number systems to represent data. The decimal system, also
known as base10, is familiar to people, as it is the numbering system used in everyday life, the
binary (base2) and hexadecimal (base16) are common number systems used in computing today.

16. Control Questions
Give definition of a computer.
Explain what a computer architecture is on the example of Von Neumann architecture.
What is a hardware system?
Arrange the levels of interaction among users, application software, operating system
software and hardware system.
Classify computers by their speed and computing power.
How is it possible to connect the additional device to the computer?
Explain how data is represented using binary digits.