Lesson in Educational Psychology, General Psychology and Introduction to Psychology

1. Behaviorism
Prepared by:
Orlando A. Pistan, MAEd-GC
Psychology Instructor

2. Behaviorism
The behaviorist movement
began in 1913 when John
Watson wrote an article
entitled 'Psychology as the
behaviorist views it,' which
set out a number of
underlying assumptions
regarding methodology
and behavioral analysis:

3. Basic assumption:
One cannot define
consciousness and soul; they
can’t be located and measured,
therefore, it cannot be the
object of scientific study.
The overt behavior of human
beings and animals are the ones
to be observed.
All behaviors are response to
stimulus or agent in the
environment.

4. Famous Experiments:

5. Classical Conditioning
Proposed by Ivan Pavlov.
People learn by associating
neutral stimulus with a
second non-neutral stimulus.

6. Classical Conditioning
1. (UCS) Unconditioned stimulus – elicits natural
response or unconditioned response, (UCR).
2. (NS) Neutral stimulus– no effect on an
organism.
3. Pairing or conditioning.
4. (NS) Neutral stimulus becomes (CS) Conditioned
stimulus.

7. Classical Conditioning

8. Operant Conditioning
Proposed by Burhuss
Frederic Skinner.
Individuals learn through the
consequences of their
behavior.

9. Operant Conditioning
1. Consequence – the result of a behavior.
2. Reinforcement – a consequence that increases
the probability of a behavior being repeated.
(Strengthens behavior).
3. Punishment – a consequence that decrease the
likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
(Weakens behavior).

10. Schedule of
Reinforcement
1. Fixed ratio schedule – reinforcement after a
fixed number of correct responses. Ex. Salary
every 15th and 30th of the month.
2. Variable ratio schedule – a varying number of
correct responses must occur before
reinforcement. Ex. Winning in a gambling.

11. Operant Conditioning

12. Observational Learning theory
Proposed by Albert Bandura.
People learn through the
observation of a social
model.

13. Social Learning theory/ Cognitive
Learning theory / Observational
Learning theory
1. Model – can be a real person, or mass media,
who is being observed by an organism.
2. Encoding – paying attention and retention.
3. Imitation – a new behavior which is the product
of learning.

14. Social Learning theory/ Cognitive
Learning theory / Observational
Learning theory

15. Behaviorism
Thank you for
paying attention.