The document discusses the education and examination system in Pakistan. It covers several key points: - Pakistan uses both internal and external assessment methods to examine students, with internal focusing on continuous evaluation and external involving outside examiners. - Universities have adopted measures like continuous internal assessment, semester systems, and question banks to improve the evaluation process. - The semester system divides the academic year into two terms, allowing for more continuous learning and assessment while reducing exam stress. - Question banks are curated test item libraries that cover the entire syllabus and can be used for formative and summative evaluations. - Both internal and external assessments have advantages like engaging students continuously or encouraging competitiveness, but

1. Education in
Pakistan
Course Code 6506
Asima shahzadi
asimashahzadi7@gmail.com

3.  The process of educating and examining the growing human child is as old as
man himself.
 The sage, the philosopher and the religious preceptor taught and tested orally
by questioning the disciple.
 For purposes of appraisal usually two terms are used, namely; examination and
evaluation. The term examination aims at ensuring that the matter learnt is
adequately fixed and properly recalled..
 It relates to finding out the mental, moral and social changes that have come
about in the personality pattern of a student and are directly affecting his
behavior.
Introduction

4. Examination
 Examination is a measuring instrument intended to verify botha candidates’
value and value of teaching he hasreceived.
 It is an indicator of the training given and received. It is to measure what has
been accomplished during the period of study to weigh each candidate’s sum of
knowledge and appraise his ability.
 The aim of our examination system is to judge the achievement of students in
different areas such as personality development, creative thinking, and love for
Islamic values examinations are the only tools for measuring these aspects.

5. 1. Continuous Internal Assessment
2. Semester System
3. Question Bank
Pakistani universities have adopted
the following measures

6.  Continuous assessment is a form of educational examination that evaluates
a student's progress throughout a prescribed course. It is often used as an
alternative to the final examination system.
 The University Grants Commission recommends that we need to “move to a
system which emphasizes continuous internal assessment and reduces
dependence on external examinations to a reasonable extent.”
 Assessment of these skills is more valid if done on a continuous observation.
Continue Internal Assessment

7. 1. To test those abilities which cannot be tested by term
end examination.
2. We as teachers must identify the abilities that we want
to develop in our student in our respective subject.
3. Devise valid and reliable tools for evaluation these
abilities.
4. Maintain and effective feedback.
Purpose of CIA

8. 1. The internal assessment helps to give credit in the final
assessment.
2. it reduces the burden and tension related to the final
examination. In addition, it acts as a link which provides data
related to student’s performance.
3. This gives teachers an opportunity to evaluate the students.
4. it helps students in continuous learning.
Advantages of Internal Assessment

9. 1. Problem of competence of teachers
2. Problem of work-load on teachers
3. Problem of lack of facilities
4. Problem of acceptance
5. Problem of co-ordination of standards
Problems concerning Internal
Assessment and their Remedies

10.  A semester system is an academic tern that divides an academic
year into two terms or parts.
 The word semester literally means six-month period.
 In most of the Indian colleges, the sex-month semester system
is followed. So, a three-year-long bachelors degree comprises 6
semesters and a two-year-long master’s degree consists of four
semesters.
Semester System

11.  It will provide an opportunity to the students for continuous learning,
assessment and feedback.
 It facilitates a better understanding of the subject.
 More emphasis is laid on class interaction because of constant engagement
between teachers and students.
 The students will not have more burden of the syllabus as it is divided into two
halves.
 A semester system allows greater freedom and scope for designing and
delivering a variety of courses that the students can pick to enhance the quality
of learning.
 Through this system, students attend the college regularly without failing as
there is a regulation of compulsory 75% attendance.
 Students can develop skills and subject-related knowledge in a better way
through this system.
Advantages of Semester System

12. 1. Semester system faces inadequacy of time. Most of the times teachers fail to
complete the syllabus in time. Students who join late will face lot of difficulties
to catch the subject and complete the revision.
2. Semester system increases the workload as the evaluation process is conducted
twice a year.
3. Semester system does not give any scope for extra classes due to lack of time.
4. Semester system restricts co-curricular activities as most of the time teachers are
engaged in completion of syllabus and students are involved in the revision of
completed syllabus.
Disadvantages of Semester System

14. Question Bank
A question bank is planned library of test items designed to fulfill
certain predetermined purposes. Questions banks should be
prepared with at most care so as to cover the entire prescribed
text . Questions bank should be exhaustive and cover entire
content with different types.

15. 1. To improve the teaching learning process.
2. Through instructional efforts the student’s growth will be obtained.
3. To improve evaluation process.
4. A pool of test items can be used for formative and summative
evaluation of the student’s performance.
5. It is a pool of readymade quality questions is made available to
teachers and examiners. So that they may select appropriate
questions to assess predetermined objectives.
Purposes

16. 1. Long answer type questions
2. Short answer type questions
3. Objective type question
4. True/false and choice test
5. Multiple choice tests
6. Completion type tests
Questions are framed on the following
board pattern

17. 1. Appointment of a board
2. Division of syllabus
3. Teachers and workshops
4. Scrutinisation of Questions
5. Grouping the question
6. Revision of questions
7. Setting of papers
Procedure of setting a Question
Bank

18.  Questions bank should be based on based ideas, purposes ,
adapted to the particular objectives of mind
 Questions bank should be within the range of the students
experiences and knowledge
 Question bank should present a challenged which stimulates an
educative response in keeping with the objectives.
Characteristics of question bank

19.  Completion of full portion
 Reliable and scientific
 Total achievement
 Comparison of performance
 Comprehensive choice
 National standard
Advantages of Question Bank

20.  Difficulty in certain subjects
 Publication of guides and notes
 Knowledge of question
 Mitigating the evils
Difficulties in operation of a
Question Bank

21.  Internal Examination
Internal assessment is the process in which the teachers and schools judge
the students’ performance on the basis of his performance. Also, this
process does not involve any outside person for assessment.
 External Examination
Outside persons prepare these assessment methods and they are
responsible and involved in it. Besides, it is done to give students the
required certificate or degree or diploma for which the student has
applied.
Types of Examination in Pakistan

22.  It reduces the weight age of external assessment.
 Moreover, students engage themselves in study throughout the
year.
 The students will be more attentive to studying in class.
 In addition, it reduces the chances of anxiety and nervous
breakdown in students.
Advantages of Internal Assessment

23.  There are chances that teacher may misuse it for their own
benefit.
 Also, in the hand of the inexperienced and insincere teacher, it
can cause harm to students.
 Most noteworthy, it will lose its importance due to unfairness,
favoring a student, and bias-ness.
Disadvantages of internal assessment

24.  The first advantage of external assessment is that it helps students to
know their performance.
 It also helps them to know their knowledge level. In addition, it
encourages them to learn and improve their knowledge and grades.
 Also, it creates a competitive spirit in students. This spirit pushes
them to do their level best.
 For development, building personality and confidence it is very
important.
Advantages of External Assessment

25.  There are various disadvantages which can cause harm to student life
and her/his career.
 These include the use of unfair means like talking and cheating in the
examination hall.
 Some students just give a paper to only pass the exam to get average
marks. In addition, external assessment only covers a part or partial
course of study.
 Most noteworthy, the result is not accurate as it gives an unreliable
result.
Disadvantages of External
Assessment

26. Mainly there are two types of formal bodies, which are responsible
to conduct examination and award certificate/degrees at
secondary and higher levels. These are
1. Boards
2. Universities
The structure of examination in
Pakistan

28. 1. Appointment of the paper
2. Appointment of paper setters
3. Printing of question papers
4. Evaluation of question papers
5. Parallel to the Deputy controller of Exam (Secrecy), there is a Deputy
Controller of Exam. The job the section.
6. Dispatch of roll-number slips
7. Dispatch of result
8. Tabulation of result
Parallel to the assistant Controller, a deputy
controller of exam is also working with him. The job
of this section is;