Integrated nutrient management approaches under system of rice intensification (sri)

1. WELCOME
to
research conference on SRI : Research issues ,
priorities and prospects

2. Integrated nutrient management
approaches under System of Rice
Intensification (SRI)
REGIONALRESEARCHANDTECHNOLOGYTRANSFERSTATION,OUAT,BHAWANIPATNA
Presented by:
Anshuman Nayak
Technical Officer
Agromet Advisory Servises

3. Intoduction:
 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food for nearly three
billion people all over the world (Carriger and Vallee,
2007)
 In India, rice is cultivated round the year in one or the
other parts of the country in diverse ecologies in an area
of 42.41mha with production of 104.4mt during 2012-
13 (Agriculture Statistics at a glance, 2013).
 Odisha is the 5th largest state in terms of contributing
7.32% share of production. The area under rice is
4.03mha with production of 7.64mt during 2012-13.
(Agriculture Statistics at a glance, 2013).
 The country has to produce 170 to 180mt rice (115-
120MT milled rice) by 2020 with an average productivity
of 4.03 t/ha to maintain present level of self sufficiency
(Tripathy and Mishra,2011)

4. Rice production in India and
Odisha
INDIA ODISHA
Year Area
(m ha)
Production
(mt)
Yield
(kg/ha)
Area
(m ha)
Productio
n (mt)
Yield
(kg/ha)
1950-51 30.81 20.58 668 - - -
2001-02 44.90 93.34 2079 4.50 7.15 1589
2002-03 41.18 71.82 1744 4.27 3.24 759
2003-04 42.59 88.53 2078 4.50 6.73 1496
2004-05 41.91 83.13 1984 4.49 6.54 1455
2005-06 43.66 91.79 2102 4.48 6.96 1554
2006-07 43.81 93.36 2131 4.45 6.93 1557
2007-08 43.91 96.69 2202 4.45 7.65 1720
2008-09 45.54 99.18 2178 4.45 6.91 1553
2009-10 41.92 89.09 2125 4.36 7.02 1609
2010-11 42.86 95.98 2239 4.23 6.93 1640
2011-12 44.01 105.3 2393 4.00 6.83 1708
2012-13 42.41 104.4 2462 4.03 7.64 1896

5. Area and Production of rice in India
30.81
45.54
42.41
20.58
99.18 104.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1950-51
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
Area (mha)
Production (mt)

6.  Thus, it necessitates a revision of human intelligence to
search for alternative options that can make rice
production sustainable.
 The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method
appears to be a viable alternative to the modern rice
cultivation.
 System of Rice Intensification (SRI) emerged in the
1980’s as a synthesis of locally advantageous rice
production practices encountered in Madagascar by Fr
Henri de Laulanie, a Jesuit Priest who had been
working there since 1961.
 But, it is Dr. Norman Uphoff from Cornell International
Institute for Food and Agriculture, Ithaca, USA, who had
brought this method to the notice of outside world in the
late 1990s. (www.sri-india.net).

7.  Nutrient management must be sound for achieving the
yield potential under SRI.
 Although use of chemical fertilizer is the fastest way of
counteracting the pace of nutrient depletion, the best
course is to practise integrated nutrient management.
 This would harmoniously integrate the use of inorganic
fertilizer and organic manures to the extent possible
without any detrimental effect on potential yield.
 The use of organic manure such as application of FYM has
been proved to be viable component of INM for SRI (Ch.
Sowmya and M. Venkat Raman, 2012).

8. Background information
 SRI has been proved to be a whole package of
agronomic approaches which utilizes the-
 genetic potential of plants through creation of a
favourable soil environment.
 The favourable soil environment is largely contributed
by the nutrient management i.e. not only the source
and dose, but also the time and proportion on N
application.
 This information is quite important for effective nutrient
management in SRI method of rice cultivation.
 Basing on the above facts the experiment has been
devised to study the effect of Integrated nutrient
management approaches in SRI at RRTTS, OUAT,
Bhawanipatna, Odisha.

9. Objective
 To devise a location specific economic and effective
method of “Integrated nutrient management method
in System of Rice Intensification (SRI)”.

10. Materials and Methods
• Title : Integrated nutrient management approaches under
SRI
• Experimental design : Randomized Block design
• No. of treatments : Eight
• No. of replications : Three
• Crop &Variety : Paddy, Ajay(Hybrid)
• Season and year : Kharif, 2013
• Seed rate : 5 kg/ha
• Spacing : 25cm × 25cm ( 01
seedlings/clump )
• Basal manuring (NPK)
and top dressing :As per treatment
• Previous crop and
fertilizer applied : Rice with 80-40-40 kg

11. Integrated nutrient management approaches
under SRI
Treatments:
 T1: Recommended dose of fertiliser(RDF), with 1/3rd N at
transplanting (Tp)+ 1/3rd N at 2nd weeding(W2)+ 1/3rd N at
panicle initiation(PI).
 T2: 5t FYM+50% RDF, with 1/3rd N at transplanting+1/3rd N at
2nd weeding +1/3rd at panicle initiation
 T3 : 5t FYM+75% RDF, with 1/3rd N at transplanting+1/3rd N at
2nd weeding +1/3rd at panicle initiation
 T4 : 5t FYM+RDF , with 1/3rd N at transplanting(Tp)+1/3rd N at
2nd weeding +1/3rd at panicle initiation

12. • T5: 5t FYM+RDF , with 1/2 N transplanting+1/4th N at 2nd
weeding+1/4th N at Panicle initiation
• T6: 5t FYM+RDF with 1/4thN at transplanting+1/2N at 2nd
weeding +1/4th N at panicle initiation.
• T7: 10 t FYM +50% RDF with 1/3rd N at transplanting+1/3rd N
at 2nd weeding +1/3rd at panicle initiation
• T8: 5t FYM+2.5 t vermicompost(VC) +Biofertiliser(BF)
(Azosporillum + PSB @5kg/ha each) at transplanting.
• All qnty. of FYM, V.C., B.F., P2O5 and K2O applied as basal
as per treatments and N was applied as split dose as per treatments
• R.D.F.- 120:60:60 kg/ha, N: P2O5 : K2O

13.  Soil properties : clay, neutral pH (7.37), low in organic
carbon (0.27%), low in available N (162.5kg/ha), low in
available P2O5 (20.8kg/ha) and high in available K2O
(405.9kg/ha)
 Observations recorded: No of effective tillers/hill,
length of panicle, No. of grains/panicle , 1000grain
weight, grain yield, straw yield & Economics

14. Table 1. Effect of INM treatments on yield attributing
characters of SRI rice at maturity
Treatments No of
effective
tillers/m2
Panicle
Length
(cm)
No. of filled
grains per
panicle
1000
grain
weight(g)
RDF, with N 1/3rd at Tp+1/3rd at
W2+1/3rd at PI
130 29.6 168 25.15
5tFYM+50%RDF, with N 1/3rd at
Tp+1/3rd at W2+1/3rd at PI
133 30.3 182 25.38
5tFYM+75%RDFwith N 1/3rd at
Tp+1/3rd at W2+1/3rd at PI
144 30.5 192 25.69
5tFYM+RDFwith N 1/3rd at
Tp+1/3rd at W2+1/3rd at PI
164 32.7 195 26.20
5tFYM+RDF with N 1/2 at
Tp+1/4th at W2+1/4th at PI
158 32.5 194 25.81
5tFYM+RDF with N 1/4th at
Tp+1/2 at W2+1/4th at PI
179 34.7 203 26.46
10tFYM+50%RDFwith N 1/3rd at
Tp+1/3rd at W2+1/3rd at PI
134 30.3 190 25.42
5t FYM+2.5t VC+ Azosporillum
and PSB @5kg each at Tp
118 27.7 161 24.86
CD(P=0.05) 19.2 1.8 25 1.4

15. Table 2. Effect of INM treatments on yield and economics of SRI rice at
maturity
Treatments Grain
yield
(kg/ha)
Straw
yield
(kg/ha)
Gross
return
(Rs./ha)
Cost of
cultivation
(Rs./ha)
Net
return
(Rs./ha)
Return/
rupee
invested
RDF, with N 1/3rd at
Tp+1/3rd at W2+1/3rd at PI 4822 4825 67511 33954 33557 1.99
5tFYM+50%RDF, with N
1/3rd at Tp+1/3rd at W2+1/3rd
at PI 5103 5098 71433 35127 36306 2.03
5tFYM+75%RDFwith N 1/3rd
at Tp+1/3rd at W2+1/3rd at
PI 5838 5808 81705 36790 44915 2.22
5tFYM+RDFwith N 1/3rd at
Tp+1/3rd at W2+1/3rd at PI 6621 6548 92633 38454 54179 2.41
5tFYM+RDF with N 1/2 at
Tp+1/4th at W2+1/4th at PI 6526 6485 91327 38454 52873 2.37
5tFYM+RDF with N 1/4th at
Tp+1/2 at W2+1/4th at PI 7284 7042 101763 38454 63309 2.65
10tFYM+50%RDFwith N
1/3rd at Tp+1/3rd at W2+1/3rd
at PI 5797 5775 81143 39627 41516 2.05
5t FYM+2.5t VC+
Azosporillum and PSB

16. Results and Discussion :
• Among the nutrient management practices
application of 5t FYM + RDF with split application of
N as 1/4th N at transplanting + 1/2 N at 2nd weeding
+ 1/4th N at panicle initiation recorded highest no.
of effective tillers /m2(179), no. of filled
grains/panicle (203) and longest panicle length of
34.7cm followed by 5t FYM+RDF with split
application of 1/3rd N at transplanting (Tp)+1/3rd N
at 2nd weeding +1/3rd at panicle initiation (10.27,
195.0 and 32.5cm).
• This might be due to better availability of applied
nitrogen during active tillering stage and better
assimilation of photosynthates. Similarly, this result
is in agreement with Gupta and Sharma (1991).

17.  The rice plant absorbed 50% nitrogen by the early
panicle initiation stage and about 80% of applied
nitrogen by the heading stage (Biswas et al., 1996).
 Lowest no. of effective tillers/m2 (118), filled grains/
panicle (161.0) and panicle length (27.7cm) were
observed in treatment 5t FYM+2.5 t vermicompost +
Biofertiliser (Azosporillum+ PSB @5kg/ha each) at
transplanting.
 Highest test weight of 26.46g was recorded in T6
followed by T4(26.2g), T5(25.81g), T3(25.69g),
T7(25.42g), T2(25.38g), T1(25.15g) and T8(24.86g).

18.  Highest Significant yield of 7284kg/ha was observed in
treatment which received FYM + RDF with split
application of N as 1/4th N at transplanting (Tp)+ 1/2 N
at 2nd weeding(W2) + 1/4th N at panicle initiation (PI)
(T6)followed by 6621kg/ha in 5t FYM+RDF with split
application of 1/3rd N at Tp+1/3rd N at W2 +1/3rd at PI
(T4), 6526kg/ha in 5tFYM+RDF with N 1/2 at Tp+1/4th
at W2+1/4th at PI (T5), 5838kg/ha in 5tFYM+75%RDF
with N 1/3rd at Tp+1/3rd at W2+1/3rd at PI (T3) ,
5797kg/ha in 10tFYM+50%RDF with N 1/3rd at
Tp+1/3rd at W2+1/3rd at PI(T7), 5103kg/ha in
5tFYM+50%RDF, with N 1/3rd at Tp+1/3rd at W2+1/3rd
at PI (T2), 4822kg/ha in RDF with N 1/3rd at Tp+1/3rd
at W2+1/3rd at PI ( T1) and the lowest in 5t FYM+2.5t
VC+ Azosporillum and PSB @5kg each at Tp

19.  Application of FYM along with RDF was found to be
superior than application of only RDF and only
organic manures. This was in confirmation with the
findings of Bharathy (2005).
 Split application of nitrogen as 1/4th N at
transplanting+1/2N at 2nd weeding +1/4th N at
panicle initiation resulted in better yield and yield
attributes which is in confirmation with the findings of
Gupta and Sharma (1991).
 Straw yield marked the similar trend with grain yield
and the treatments significantly differed from each
other for straw yield.
 Highest gross return , net return, and return/ rupee
invested were highest in T6, followed by T4, T5, T3,
T , T and T .

20. Conclusion:
 Among the nutrient management practices application
of nutrient from both organic and inorganic sources
recorded the higher yield and yield attributing traits (T6
, T4, T5, T3 and T7) than only inorganic (T1 -
4822kg/ha) and only organic treatment (T8 – 4119
kg/ha).
 Combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer i.e. 5t
FYM+RDF with split application of N as 1/4th at Tp + ½
at W2 +1/4th at PI recorded highest yield (7284 kg/ha) .
This treatment also recorded highest yield attributing
traits.

21. Field view of INM in SRI rice 21 DAT

22. Field view of INM in SRI rice kharif-2013

23. 5tFYM+RDF with1/4th N at Tp +
1/2 N at W2 +1/4th N at PI 5tFYM+2.5t VC+B.F.

24. 5tFYM+RDF with1/4th N at
Tp +
1/2 N at W2 +1/4th N at PI
5tFYM+2.5t VC+B.F.

25. Weeder operation in SRI field