3.  Otology:- The study of disease of the ear.
 Otalgia:- Pain in the ear due tom disease of
jaw joint, neck, throat or teeth.
 Tinnitus:- The sensation of sound in the ear.
 Vertigo:- Swimming of the head .
 Otorrhea:- Any discharge from the ear.
 Otorrhagia:- Bleeding from the ear.

4.  Otomycosis:- A fungus infection of the ear
causing irritation & inflammation.
 Deafness:- Loss of hearing.
 Otoplasty :-Surgical Repair & Reconstruction of
the ear.
 Otorhinolaryngology:- Study of ear, nose &
throat disease.
 Audiometry:- An apparatus for measuring
hearing.

5.  Tympanoplasty:- It is repairment of tympanic
membrane.
 Myringotomy:- Incision in tympanic
membrane.The fluid is section out of
middle ear,cavity.
 Osteitis:- Inflammation in bone.
 Mastoiditis:- Inflammation of the mastoid antrum
and cell.

7.  Otitis media
 Osteosclerosis
 Menieres disease
 Perichondritis
 Permanent sensorineural hearing loss

8. Definition:-
“It is an inflammation of middle ear
that most often occur in infant &
young children but can occur at
any age”

9.  Most common in children
under 15 yr of age.

10. 1. Acute otitis media
2. Chronic otitis media
Other-
a. Serous otitis media
b. Secretory otitis media
c. Suppurative otitis media

11. Definition-
“It is an acute infection
of the middle ear, usually lasting
less then 6 weeks”

12.  Bacteria eg. Streptococcus pneumoniae, H.
Influenza
 Upper respiratory tract infection
 Infection nasopharynx

13. Due to etiological factor(URTI, Bacteria)
Exudates & edema in middle ear
Decrease retraction of tympanic membrane
Serous exudates in middle ear
Pus formation
Tympanic membrane rupture
ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA

14.  Otorrhea
 Otalgia
 Fever
 Rhinitis
 Tympanic membrane erythema, may
be perforated
 Hearing loss
 Irritability

15.  History
 Physical examination
 Otoscopic examination
 Culture
 Audiometry & Tympanometry

16. Medical Management-
 Antibiotic
 Analgesic
 Antihistamine
Surgical management-
 Myringotomy or tympanotomy (incision in the
tympanic membrane)

17.  Chronic otitis media
 Hearing loss
 Perforation
 Poor speech develop

19. Definition:-
“It is a long standing infection of a
part of whole of the middle year
characterised by ear discharge &
permanent perforation”
OR
“Inflammation of the middle ear that
lasts for more than 6 weeks”

20.  Common in the age 3-6

21.  Inappropriate treatment of acute otitis
media.
 URTI, Allergic rhinitis.
 Breastfeeding and long time group child
care
 Eustachian tube deformity
 Septal deviation, cleft palate, sinusitis

22. Chronic otitis
media
Suppurative
(+ perforation)
atico-antral
type
Tubo-tympanic
type
Non
suppurative
Mucoid or serous

23. a.Atico-antral chronic otitis media –
Inflammation involves bones (e.g. mastoid,
tympanic ring, ossicles ).
b.Tubo-tympanic otitis media-
Acute otitis media  permanent
perforation  muco-purulent
discharge.

24. a.Serous Otitis media-
Stages:
URTI or acute otitis media–> Fluid collection in
middle ear and obstruction of eutachian tube
 tympanic membrane retraction.
Fluid become pus like  necrosis  tympanic
membrane perforation.
Could end up with mastoiditis ( if not stopped ).

25.  hearing loss
 Otorrhea
 Tinnitus

26. Medical management-
 careful suctioning of the ear under
microscopic guidance.
 Instillation of antibiotic drops
Surgical management-
 Tympanoplasty
 Ossiculoplasty (surgical reconstruction of the middle ear
bones to restore hearing)
 Mastoidectomy

28. Assessment:-
 Collect health history includes a complete
description of the ear problem.
 Collect data about the duration and intensity of
the problem, its causes, and previous
treatments.
 Obtain Information about other health
problems and medications.
 Physical assessment includes observation for
erythema, edema, otorrhea, lesions, and
characteristics such as odor and color of
discharge.

29.  Pain R/T Infection
 Risk for infection R/T eustachian
tube dysfunction.
 Altered auditory sensory perception
R/T Fluid in the middle year.
 Anxiety R/T surgical procedure,
potential loss of hearing,
 Risk for trauma R/T balance
difficulties or vertigo during the
immediate postoperative period.

30.  Disturbed sensory perception R/T potential
damage to facial nerve (cranial nerve VII).
 knowledge deficient R/T disease, surgical
procedure,and postoperative care.