What is biodiversity? Father of biodiversity- E.O. Wilson.  The term ‘biodiversity’’ encompasses the variety of all life forms on earth.  Define biodiversity – ‘’ Biodiversity include of the particular area may be living organisms (plant and animal) called biodiversity ’’. • Simple words in can be defined as the biodiversity . “Variety, variability b/w genes, spp. and ecosystem”.  Define fish diversity – “Fish Species diversity is defined as the number of species and abundance of each species that live in a particular location”. The number of species that live in a particular location is called species richness. India is one of the 17 mega biodiversity countries having four biodiversity hotspots namely the Western Ghats, eastern Himalayas, Indo-Burma and Sundaland that are included amongst the top ten most important hotspots in the world. It also has rich freshwater(rivers, irrigationcanals,tanks, lakes,reservoirs) fish diversity.  Which living organisms– All living organism in world 7.4 billion. Fish Biodiversity in world- World harbour total of 33059 spp. 4258 genera, 482 families about 58 % Marine water, 41% Fresh water and 1% migrants. 2-Fisheries resource of India – India blessed with huge aquatic resources with 29,000 km of rivers, 0.3 million ha of estuaries, 0.9 million ha of back waters and lagoons, 3.15 million ha of reservoirs, 0.2 million ha of floodplain wetlands, 0.72 million ha of upland lakes and 2.02 million km sq area of Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) surrounding the seas,8129 km of coast line, which includes those of Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands. The seas surrounding the country, 14 major rivers, 44 medium rivers and innumerable small rivers and other inland water bodies provide one of the richest faunastic resources of the world.

1. Seminar
on
Fish Biodiversity and Conservation.
ASHISH
SAHU

2. Content
1.What is biodiversity ?
2.Fish biodiversity resources of India
3.Fish biodiversity resources of up
4.Fish biodiversity of India
5.Fish biodiversity of U.P.
6.Types of fish biodiversity
i- Marine water fish biodiversity
ii- Brackish water fish biodiversity
iii- Fresh water fish biodiversity
7. Threats of fish biodiversity
8. Fish biodiversity conservation
9. Reference

3. What is biodiversity
 Father of biodiversity in - E.O. Wilson.
Define Biodiversity
“Biodiversity include of the particular area may be living
organisms ( plant and animal ) called biodiversity ”.
Define Fish biodiversity
“Fish species diversity is define as the number of spp. And
abundance of each spp. that live in a particular location ” .

4. Distribution of Biodiversity
 Flora and fauna diversity depends
on –
 Climate.
 Altitude.
 Soils.
 Presence of other spp.
 Most of the biodiversity concentrated in
tropical region.
 Biodiversity hotspot
 A region with high biodiversity with
most of spp. being endemic.
 India have to biodiversity hotspot .
 Himalayan region.
 Western Ghat,
 Indo-Burma.
 Sundaland.

5. Eastern Himalayas
 Tropical Asia-East of the Ganges-Brahmaputra lower lands, excluding
Malesian region.
 Covers an area of 2,373,000 sq.km.

6. Western Ghat
 The Western Ghat (Sahyadri Hills) is
formed by the Malabar Plains and the
chain of mountains running parallel to
Indias western coast.
 Travers the states of Gujrat, Maharashtra
Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil
Nadu.
 Cover an area of about 138,600 km.

7. Total fish biodiversity:
 World harbours total of 33059 spp,
4258 genera ,
442 families.
 About 58 % marine, 41 % fresh water, 1 % migrants.
 In India,
3231 fishes spp
113 Brackish water 2443 are marine water951 fresh water
From - CMFRI 2017

8. Total FISH BIODIVERSITY FISH spp. In uttar pradesh:
TOTAL FISH BIODIVERSITY FISH SPP. IN FAIZABAD
126 FISH SPECIES IN U.P.
63 Species in faizabad
9 order
45 genera
20 family

9. State fish uttar pradesh:
 State fish of Uttar Pradesh - Chitala chitala
 Family: Notopetridae
 Also known as, Indian featherback, Kinfe fish.
 Endangered spp. In U.P.

10. Fisheries resources of India
1. RIVER 45000 Km
2. Coast line 8129 km
3.EEZ( Exclusive Economic Zone) 2.O2 million km
4.Reservoirs 3.15 million km
5. Estuaries 0.3 million km
6.Lakes 0.72 million km
7.Back water &lagoons 0.9 million km
8.Flood plain wetland 0.2 million km
From – CMFRI 2017

11. FISHERIES RESOURCES OF U.P
 Uttar Pradesh being a land locked state having vast fresh
water recourses.
1. Pond and tanks 2.25 million hac
2. Bheels and derelict 1.3 million hac
3. Leas and has channel 2.9 million hac
4. Irrigational canal and channel 1.2 lakh / km
5. Rivers and canals 7.20 lakh / km
6. Large medium reservoirs 1.38 lakh / km
7. Lakes 1.33 lakh / km
8. Only ponds 1.61 lakh / km
From – NBFGR Lucknow 2017

12. types of fish biodiversity-
 1- Marine fish diversity.
 2- Brackish water fish
diversity.
 3- Fresh water fish diversity.
Marine Fish Diversity
The sea water surrounding
east and west coast of the
country with salinity more 30
ppt.decignated as marine
water.
 India has a long coast line more than
8129 km.
 Its marine resources are spread over in
the Indian ocean. Arbian Sea ,and Bay of
Bengal.

13.  The Andaman and Nicobar island and the coral island of Lakshadweep represents
one of the richest ripositories of biodiversity in the whole of south Asia
 These resources comprising 1368 taxa including the commercially important
Pelagic and Demersal species diversity.
 Commercially important species:-
Shark Spp Perches fishes
Carcharhinus sorrah Lethrinus spp.
C. dussumieri Epinephilus spp.
C. Gangeticus Silver bellies
S. Sorrahkowah Secutor muconius
Bombay duck Seer fish
Harpadon nehereus Scomberomorous guttatus
Oil sardine Mackerel
Sardinella longiceps Rastrelliger kanagurta
S. Fimbriatus Tuna
S. Gibbosa Auxis thazard
S .albella Pomfrets
Pampus argentius and so other fishes .

14. Species composition of some major
Demersal spp.
Elasmobranch –
 In india there are about 110 spp of elasmobranch which incudes
66 spp of sharks.
Sharks-
 The dominant spp of sharks are Chiloscyllium indicum (slender
bamboo shark ) ,C.griseum (grey bamboo shark ),Rhincodon
typus (whale shark) etc.

15. Whale shark
 Rhincodon typus is slow moving filter feeding carpet shark
and largest known extant fish spp.
 The largest confirmed individual had a length of 12.65 m
and weight about 21.5 t.
 The Whale shark is the largest non-cetacean animal in the
world .
 Whale shark in habits all tropical and warm temprate sea .

16. Brackish water fish diversity of India
 The Brackish water habitats are considered as the
transition zone between fresh water of rivers and
marine water of seas.
 The salinity of brackish water ranges from 0.5 -30 ppt.
 The major estuarine systems are Hoogly- Matlah,
Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery, Narmada,
Tapti etc .
 Chilka and Pulicat lake also support brackish water
biodiversity of fishes.
 There are 113 spp of brackish water fishes are recorded
from Indian waters.

17. Fresh water fish diversity of India
 There are about 951 species of fresh water fishes are recorded
from Indian waters .
 In India there are 14 major river systems and 44 medium river
which supports a number of diversity of fishes.
Fresh water species
 Some commercially important carps of India are Catla catla,
Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, L.calbasu, L.fimbriatus ,L. bata,
Cirrhinus cirrhosa, C. reba .
 Some important catfishes are Mystus seenghala , M.
aor,Wallago attu , Pangasius pangasius , Silonia silondia ,
Bagarius bagarius etc .
 Fresh water farming is mainly focused on Indian major carps .

18. Threats of fish biodiversity
Over exploitation of fish .
Water pollution
Unsustainable fishing
Global climate variation
Divers of river beds for urbanization
Destructive natural events ( flood ,tsunami,
cyclone, disease, Earthquakes ) etc .
Over exploitation of fish Unsustainable fishing Water pollution
Global climate variation

19. IUCN Categories of threatened species:-
Extinct (ex)
 A taxon is Extinct when these in no reasonable doubt
that the last individual has died.
Ceritically endangered (CR)-
Reduction of at least 80% over at least 10 years or 3
generation.
Endangered (EN)-
 Reduction of at least 50% over a least 10 years of
3 generations.
Vulnerable –
 Reduction of at least 2o% over at least 10 years or 3
generations.

21. List of Indian fishes in threatened category:
 Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) was the first who compiled a
list of 21 vulnerable fishes-
4 Endangered
Barilius bola
Puntius chilinoides
Semoplotus semiplotus
Enobarbicheilus maculatus
17 Threatened species
Notopterus chitala, Acrossocheilus hexagonolepis,Cirrhinus
cirrhosa,Labeo fimbriatus,Labeo potali,Labeo kontius,Puntius
carnaticus, P.curmuca, P.jerdoni, Tor khudree, T.putitora,T.tor,
Schizothorax richardsonii, Schizothoraichthys progestus, Silonia
children,Pangasius pangasius and Bagarius bagarius).

22. Techniques of conservation of
biodiversity
In-situ conservation:-
 It is the process of protecting an
endangered species in its
natural habitat Ex. - National
park, sanctuary.
Ex-situ conservation :-
 It is the process of protecting an
endangered species outside its
natural habitat ex – gene bank
,seed bank .

23. Reference
 Book - Handbook of fisheries and aquaculture (
Chapter No – 2, Page no-33, 34, 35 36)
S. Ayappan
 Internet (https://www.en.m.wikipedia.org ).
 Ichthyofaunal diversity of Faizabad District - Uttar Pradesh
( Article January 2013)
https://www.researchgate.net
Authors – Dr. Jitendra Kumar (GADVASU - Punjab)
Dr. A. K. Pandey (NBFGR – Lucknow)
Dr. Mahesh V Sagar (CMFRI – Cochin, Kerala)