The health care system and the nursing profession is expanding globally , there fore it is important for nurses to know the trends, issues and challenges in new millennium.
3. HISTORY …..
Pre Historic Period
God, evil ,Sin Cause Disease
Making Holes In Body To Ward Off
Disease
Middle Age
-Care was provided primarily by religious
orders , mainly by Nun Sisters
7. NURSING AS A PROFESSION
Emerged in late 19th century
Credit is given to Florence Nightingale
8. NURSING AS A PROFESSION
Profession is an occupation based
on specialized intellectual study
and training, the purpose of
which is to supply skilled service
with ethical components to
others, for definite fee or salary
9. KELLY’S CRITERIA OF
PROFESSION
The services provided are vital to humanity and the
welfare of the society.
There is a special body of knowledge which is
continually enlarged through research.
The services involve intellectual activities,
individual responsibility (accountability) is a strong
feature.
Practitioners are educated in institutions of higher
learning.
Practitioners are relatively independent and control
their own policies and activities (autonomy).
10. KELLY’S CRITERIA OF
PROFESSION
Practitioners are motivated by service and
consider that work on important component of
their lives.
There is a “code of ethics” to guide the
decisions and conduct of practitioners.
Thee is an organization (association) which
encourages and supports high standards of
practice.
11. TRENDS
Trends:-It denote changes taken place
Nursing trends:-refers to direction towards
which the different nursing events have moved
or are moving.
These do not occur independently but each one
has a basis of related changes in other fields.
Trends in nursing that is changes currently
taking place in any area of nursing
12. TRENDS
Nursing profession serves to meet the need of
the society particularly the needs related to
health
The changes in society will influence to bring
about changes in nursing profession.
At present, efforts are made by government of
India to deliver the health care to the
community especially in rural area.
Overall improvement in the education of
people with ever growing awareness about
health, well being and health need.
13. TRENDS
After independence, government began to
make serious efforts to meet health need of
nation by implementing recommendation of
Bhore Committee.
Advancement of technology e.g.
Automatization, Industrialization,
Urbanization etc.
14. TRENDS
Medical profession is fastly changing profession.
Trends in nursing profession are closely related
to those in medical profession.
The era of specialization & Biomedical science
have far advanced resulting in newer diagnostic
equipment such as scanner, New drugs,
monitoring system in field of health care all over
the world.
Modern health care facility like ICU, ICCU,
renal unit, organ transplant unit etc super
specialization has come.
15. TYPES OF TRENDS IN NURSING
Nursing practice
Nursing education
Nursing service
Nursing administration
Ethical views
Legal views
Health care delivery system
16. TRENDS IN NURSING PRACTICE
Comprehensive nursing care in hospital setting
Primary health care
Progressive patient care
Team nursing
Palliative nursing care
Self care concept
Domiciliary care
Specialized care
Quality care
Public Awareness
17. TRENDS IN NURSING PRACTICE
Accreditation
Trauma care
Medical technology
Staff development and creation of new post
Nursing Audit
Image building
PRO ( Personal Relation Officer) Concept
Implication of Laws
Political influence
Social media
18. TRENDS IN NURSING PRACTICE
Biomedical waste management
Disaster management
“Clean India” concept
Implementation of new National Health
Program and the services
Paper less hospital and Records and reports
HMIS
Patients Bill of Rights
Multidisciplinary approach
Emergency care
19. TRENDS IN NURSING PRACTICE
Health Personnel
Staff nurse
Ward sister
Supervisor
Assistant Nursing Superintendent
Nursing superintendent
Director nursing
In service Education Director
Clinical Nurse Specialist (Pediatric, Oncologist etc. )
Nurse Anesthetist
Nurse Research
20. TRENDS IN NURSING SERVICES
Private Duty Nurse
Community Health Nurse
Nurse educator
Nursing professor /clinical instructor
Clinician
Advanced Practice Nurse
Nurse Administrator
Nurse Researcher
Military Nurse
Forensic Nurse
21. TELE-MEDICINE CLUSTER
FOR VILLAGES
Healthcare can reach every village with Tele-medicine
SERVER
at Central
Location
Healthcare
Provider
(Consultation-
Pri/Sec; Delivery of
Medicines,)
Connectivity
Connectivity
Internet
Kiosk
Village A
Connectivity
Internet
Kiosk
Connectivity
Internet
Kiosk
Village B
Connectivity
Internet
Kiosk
Village C
Telemed
Solution
Teleme
d
Solutio
n
Teleme
d
Solutio
n
Teleme
d
Solutio
n
22. ETHICAL TRENDS IN
NURSING
Ethics compromises distinction attitudes,
cultural outlook of professional group.
Ethics are distinction between right and
wrong based on a body of knowledge, not
just opinion.
Tran cultural nursing
23. TECHNOLOGY - TRENDS
Robotics in OTs
Robotics in Path-labs / Research.
Laser Technology in surgery
Instrumentation in medical and surgical
practices.
Biotechnology, Genomics, Molecular Biology and
Stem cell research.
24. TRENDS IN NURSING
EDUCATION
Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM)
General Nursing and Midwifery (GNM)
Post Basic B.Sc Nursing
M.Sc.
M. Phill
PhD in Nursing
Specialty care
Nurse practioner
Expanded and extended education
26. TRENDS IN NURSING
ADMINISTRATION
Participative administration
Delegation of responsibilities
Departmentalized administration
Separate nursing directorate
Right to information Act
Consumer protection act
27. ISSUES IN NURSING PRACTICE
Status of nursing profession in society
Nurse patient ratio
Diploma Vs degree in
Nursing care standards
Values reflected in our nursing performances.
Attitude, human approach
Quality in nursing v/s education and practice.
Legal implication
Media
29. ISSUES IN NURSING PRACTICE
Separate Directorate
Higher education for senior positions in
nursing
Different levels of nurses that we need in our
country.
Non involvement of nurses in nursing matters.
No political involvement
Poor pay structures.
30. ISSUES IN NURSING PRACTICE
Many hospitals in India had no nurses at all.
Lack of security and safety.
Less promotional opportunities
Harassment by other personnel
Influence by the medical fraternity
Inadequate health supplies
Internal conflict and influence by others
Disorganization
31. ISSUES IN NURSING
EDUCATION
Nursing Training schools multiplied.
Lack of independent building for schools and
colleges
Lack of independent principal for schools and
colleges
Inadequate hostel facilities for students
Shortage of qualified teachers in nursing
Inadequate library facilities
No UGC pay scales for college teachers in
nursing
32. ISSUES IN NURSING
EDUCATION
Very less or no stipend for nursing students
Less supply of A.V. aids
Less promotional opportunities for teachers of
both schools and colleges
Insufficient efforts to prepare nurses for the job
they are accepted to perform in their work field
in terms of appropriate skills, knowledge and
right attitude and the desired behavior patterns
reflecting the values for caring.
Non attending education
33. ISSUES IN NURSING
ADMINISTRATION
Non involvement of nursing administrators in
planning and decision making in hospital
administration
Lack of knowledge in management among
nursing administrators
Interference of non nursing personnel in
nursing administration
No written nursing policies or manuals
No separate budget
34. ISSUES IN NURSING
ADMINISTRATION
No proper job description for various nursing
cadres.
No organized staff development programs for
nurses like orientation, in-service education,
continuing education etc.
No special incentives
Inefficiency of nursing councils of state and
union to maintain standards in nursing
35. LEGAL ISSUES IN NURSING
Nurse Practice Act
Standards of Professional Practice
Licensure
Good Samaritan Laws
Public Health Laws
Physician-Assisted Suicide
36. OTHER ISSUES IN NURSING
Nursing Shortage
Patient Satisfaction
National Patient Safety Initiatives
Evidence-Based Practice
Information Age
Genetics
Globalization of Health
Aging Population
Global burden of infectious diseases
Global burden of non infectious diseases
Political will
37. PATIENTS SATISFACTION
Good customer service
Patient Bill of Rights
Treat patients like
family
Healthcare is a business
38. TRANSCULTURAL NURSING
Nursing has become a
melting pot
Nurses are challenged
to be more culturally
aware
Cultural sensitivity
40. ACREDITATION
Improve the accuracy of patient identification
Improve the effectiveness of communication
among caregivers
Improve the safety of using medications
Reduce the risk of health care-associated
infections
Accurately and completely reconcile
medications
41. EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE
Goal is to achieve cost-effective, high quality
patient care based on scientific inquiry
Nurses need to understand research process
involved
Nursing care should not be based on opinions,
past practices, but on the results of scientific
research
Clinical journals
Practice guidelines
Nursing research
42. INFORMATION AGE
Consumers today are
more computer savvy
regarding healthcare
More info on internet
Consumers could
possibly be more
informed than health
care worker
43. GLOBALIZATION OF HEALTH
Healthcare has
become a global issue
People are mobile,
diseases can travel
Nurses need to have
an understanding of
the issues pertaining
to global health
44. AGING POPULATION
Population is aging
Growing concerns
regarding the unique
needs of the elderly
Gerontological nursing
46. PROFESSIONAL ROLES &
RESPONSIBILITIES
Autonomy & Accountability
Caregiver
Client Advocate
Educator
Manager/Clinical Decision Maker
Communicator
Collaborator
Career Development
47. AUTONOMY &
ACCOUNTABILITY
Autonomy is the essential element of
professional nursing
Person is reasonably independent and self-
governing in decision making & practice
Increased autonomy=Increased responsibility
Accountability- nurse is responsible
professionally & legally for type & quality of
care provided
Regulated through Standards of Practice and
Nurse Practice Act
48. CLINICAL DECISION MAKER
Utilizes critical thinking skills
and the nursing process
Nursing Process: Assessment,
Diagnosis, Planning,
Implementation, Evaluation
49. CLIENT ADVOCATE
Nurse protects the clients human and legal
rights
Providing information to assist in decision
making
Patient Bill of Rights
50. REHABILITATOR ROLE
Assist client to return to
optimal level of
functioning
Nurse helps client to adapt
physically and emotionally
to changes in lifestyle,
body image
51. COMFORTER ROLE
Caring for client as a
human being
Role is traditional to
nursing
Care is directed to whole
person, not just a body part
Demonstration of care and
concern
52. COMMUNICATOR ROLE
Role is central to all other
roles
Involves communication with
client, family, healthcare
team members, resource
people, and the community
Without clear, concise
communication it will be
difficult to give effective care
53. TEACHER / EDUCATOR ROLE
Explains concepts and facts about
health, demonstrates procedures,
reinforces learning, determines
understanding, and evaluates
progress of learning
Unplanned or informal education
Planned or formal education
54. “
By demonstrating their knowledge in
nursing practice , education and
administration nurses can demonstrate
their expert power. This knowledge may
increase the amount of respect that they
are given by physicians and the society as
such along with personal professional
satisfaction.
“Today’s issues are tomorrow’s trends”