2. NATIONS AND LANGUAGES
The importance of language to group of
people
The diversity of languages in some
countries in the world.
3. CONCEPTS OF MULTILINGUALISM
Joshua Fishman
Nationality and Ethnic group
Nation and state
Multinantional state and multiethnic nations
4. The role of language in
nationism and nationalism
5. The role of language in nationism is
fairly staright forward
• Problems of Nationism: General government
administration and education
6. The role of language in nationalism
is more subtle
A major component of nationalism: language,
culture, religion, and history
7. Another role of language in
nationalism
• Fishman (1972c:52) calls “contrastive self
identification”.
• Garvin and Mathiot (1956) call the “unifying
and separatist functions”.
9. Problems for nationalism
• nation-states are more likely to be stable than
multinational states, and given the
importance of language for nationalism
10. . Multilingual states can approach the
problem in one of two ways:
• They can either attempt to develop a national
language
• they can try to develop nationalism on
grounds other than language