Flagella and Motility

1. A
SEMINAR
ON
F L A G E L LA & M O T I L I T Y
G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHENOLOGY, KOHKA
BHILAI 1
BY:-
Dr. Arunima Karkun
Asst. Professor

2.  INTRODUCTION
 DEFENITION
 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
 STRUCTURE
 TYPES
 FLAGELLA- SYNTHESIS
 IMPORTANCE
 FUNCTION
 REFERENCES
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3. FLAGELLA & MOTILITY
FIG1- FLAGELLA & FIMBRIAE1

4.  A large number of bacteria are motile.
 Most possess one or more flagella on their surface that
allow them to swim.
 Bacterial flagella are tiny hair like organelles of
locomotion.
 The straight line movement is called a run and the turn is
called a tumble.
 Motility of eukaryotic flagella is depenedent upon ATPase
activity .
 Their fine protein structure requires special staining
techniques for demonstrating them with the light
microscope.
 The pattern of flagellation is an important feature in
identification of motile bacteria.
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FIG 2- STRUCTURE OF FLAGELLA
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6.  Protein-70-81%
 Lipid-13-23%
 Carbohydrate-1-6%
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7.  The ultra structure of the flagellum of E coli is
illustrated.
 About 50 genes are required for flagella synthesis and
function.
 The flagella apparatus consists of several distinct
proteins
 distinct proteins: a system of rings embedded in the
cell envelope (the basal body), a hook-like
structure near the cell surface, and the flagella
filament.
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8.  The innermost rings, the M and S rings, located in the plasma
membrane, comprise the motor apparatus.
 The outermost rings, the P and L rings, located in the
periplasme and the outer membrane respectively, function as
bushings to support the rod.
 where it is joined to the hook of the filament on the cell
surface. As the M ring turns, powered by an influx of protons,
the rotary motion is transferred to the filament which turns to
propel the bacterium
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9.  Transmission electron microscope studies have
shown that the bacterial flagellum is composed of
three parts:
 The longest & most obvious portion is the flagellar
filament,which extends from the cell surface to the
tip.
 A basal body is embedded in the cell.
 A short curved segment, the flagellar hook, links
the filament to its basal body & acts as flexible
coupling.
 The filament hollow rigid cylinder constructed of
sub unit of the protein flagellar which ranges in
molecular weight from 30,000-60,000 daltons
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10. The innermost rings, the M and S rings, located in the
plasma membrane, comprise the motor apparatus.
The outermost rings, the P and L rings, located in the
periplasm and the outer membrane respectively,
function as bushings to support the rod.
where it is joined to the hook of the filament on the cell
surface. As the M ring turns, powered by an influx of
protons, the rotary motion is transferred to the filament
which turns to propel the bacterium
FLAGELLA & MOTILITY
FIG 3– The UltraStructure Of Bacterial Flagella
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11. FLAGELLA & MOTILITY
FIG4- MECHANISM OF FLAGELLAR MOVEMENT9

12.  MONOTRICHOUS
Bacteria have one flagellum if it is located at & end
it is said to be
a polar flagellum .
Ex –pseudomonas v,cholerae
 AMPHITRICHOUS
Bacteria have a single flagellum at each pole .
Ex –organism in clusture,lactobaccilus.
 LOPHOTRICHOUS
Bacteria have a cluster of flagella at one or both
ends
Ex-spirillum,
 PERITRICHOUS
Flagella are spread fairly evenly over the whole
surface of
Peritrichous bacteria.
. Ex proteins vulgaris
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13.  The synthesis of bacterial flagella is a complex
process involving at least 20-30 gens.
 Besides the gene for flagellin, 10 or more genes
code for hook & basal body proteins, other genes
are concerned with the control of flagella
construction or function.
 When flagella are removed the regeneration of the
flagellar filament can then be studied.
 Transport of many flagellar components is carried
out by an apparatus in the basal body that is a
specialized type III protein secretion system.
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14.  Filament synthesis is an excellent example
of self-assembly.
 Many structures form spontaneously
through the association of there component
parts without the aid of any special enzymes
or other factors.
 The information required for filament
construction is present in the structure of
the flagellin sub unit it self.
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15. You should be able to differentiate true motility from
Brownian motility
Brownian movement is usually caused by the activity of
water molecules. (characterized by back and forth
movement)
True motility (the bacterial cells runs and tumble.)
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16. Locomotion
 Cilia Or Flagella Responsible For Locomotion In
Ciliate And In Ciliate And Flagella Protozoa
Ctenophores, some Annelida, And
Nemertea,rotifers,some Snails & The Ciliated
Larvae Of Annelid Mollusks & Echinodermata.
 In palamiciue the cilia cover the entire body
surface and the protozoan swims by the help of
its cilia.
 In the larva of annelida,mollusla and
echinodermata cilia are arranged in bands.
Feeding
Many sessile or sluggish animals are celery filter
feeders.
 example – the lancet amphioxus the ascidian
rotifers & the fresh water mussel.
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17. FLAGELLA & MOTILITY
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Respiration
water cunrents created by cillia facilitate
respiration
The continuous movement of water helps
exchanges of gases
Circulation
The animals lacking a true blood –vascular
system
eg- some annelids like tomopteris.
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18. C.B. POWER CELL BIOLOGY 3rd Edition
PRESCOTT JOHN HARLEY 5th Edition
&
DONALD KLEIN
GERALD KARP CELL & MOLECULAR 5th Edition
BIOLOGY
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19. THANK
YOU
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