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6.  waste tires
 septage
 scrap metal
 latex paints
 furniture and toys
 garbage
 appliances and vehicles
 oil and anti-freeze
 empty aerosol cans
EXAMPLES

8. IMPACTS OF WASTE IF NOT
MANAGED WISELY
o Affects our health
o Affects our socio-economic
conditions
o Affects our coastal and marine
environment
o Affects our climate
o Rise in global temperatures
o Leads to water pollution and air
pollution

9. CLASSIFIED IN TO
•HAZARDOUS SOLID WASTE
•NON –HAZARDOUS SOLID
WASTE / MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE (MSW)

10. HAZARDOUS WASTES
Waste produced by chemical manufacturing
companies, petroleum refineries, paper mills, smelters and
other industries.
They cause harm to human and environment.
Characteristics
• Toxicity
• Reactivity
• Ignitability
• Corrosivity

11. Toxic Waste
Substances that are poisonous even for a
trace amount. They can be carcinogenic or
mutagenic.
Examples: pesticides, heavy metals.
Reactive waste
Those have a tendency to react vigorously
with air or water are unstable to shock or heat,
Generate toxic gases or explode during routine
management.
Examples: nitroglycerine,Gun powder

12. INFECTIOUS WASTES
Includes human tissue from surgery,
used Bandages and hypodermic
needles.
RADIOACTIVE WASTES
It is basically the output from
nuclear power plants and can
persist in the environment .

13. IGNITABLE WASTES
Those burn at relatively low temperature(<60°C)
and are capable of spontaneous combustion
during Storage ,transport or disposal.
Examples: Gasoline, alcohol
CORROSIVE WASTES
Those destroy materials and living tissues
By chemical reactions.
Examples: acids and bases

14. NON –HAZARDOUS SOLID WASTE
Municipal solid wastes are the solid wastes
from a city ,Town or village that requires
routine collection and transport to a
processing or disposal sites.
SOURCES
• Private homes
• Commercial establishments
• Industrial facilities

15. WASTE MANAGEMENT INCLUDES
• REDUCTION
• REUSE
• RECYCLING
• DISPOSAL

16. REDUCTION
Waste Reduction refers to
reducing the amount of waste
produced.
An example of waste reduction is
to use china and silverware
instead of disposal paper plates
and plastic flatware.

17. ADVANTAGES
o Cleaner environment
o Save electricity, money, water
o Fresher air
o More landfill space and less money spent
on landfill
DISADVANTAGES
oLess convenient
oIt can cost more

19. REUSE
Reusing is using a product or
item in its original form more
than once. e.g: reusing a mug
instead of using a disposable
cup.

20. ADVANTAGES
oReduces the number that need to be
manufactured
oReduced disposal needs and costs.
oSome older items were better handcrafted
and appreciate in value
disadvantages
o Requires cleaning or transport, which
have environmental costs

22. RECYCLING
Recycling is nothing but
process of using old or waste
products into new products.
This morning's newspaper
can be recycled for another
morning's news or other
paper products.

23. ADVANTAGES
o Protects environment.
o Reduces energy consumption.
o Reduces pollution.
o Reduces Global warming.
DISADVANTAGES
o Not always cost effective.
o Recycled products may not last for
long.
o High initial cost.

25. DISPOSAL
Disposal of MSW is done commonly
through
• SANITARY LANDFILL
• INCINERATION

26. SANITARY LANDFILL
• Most traditional method of waste disposal.
• Waste is directly dumped into disused quarries,
mining voids or borrow pits.
• Disposed waste is compacted and covered with
soil.
• Gases generated by the decomposing waste
materials are often burned to generate power.
• It is generally used for domestic waste.

28. PROBLEMS
• Ground water pollution
• Production of methane gas which is toxic and
highly explosive
• It can cause infectious diseases
• Difficult to find landfilling sites
• Air pollution
• Sites might not be able to be reused

29. INCINERATION
Waste treatment process that involves the
Combustion of solid waste at 1000°C.
Waste materials are converted into bottom ash, flue gas,
And heat.
The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents
of the waste and gases due to organic waste.
The heat generated by incineration is used to
Generate electric power.

31. ADVANTAGES
• Minimum of land is needed compared to other
disposal method.
• The weight of the waste is reduced to 25%.
• No risk of pollution to local streams and ground
water as in landfills.
• Can be located close to residential areas.
• Gases are used to generate power.

32. DISADVANTAGES
• Expensive
• Require skilled labour
• The chemicals that would be released into the
air could be strong pollutants and may destroy
Ozone layer.
• High energy requirement