1. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN
INDIAAND WORLD
by
V.ARJUNRAJ,
B.E.,Mechanical Engineering(Manufacturing),
Third year,
Annamalai university-FEAT.

2. Nanotechnology History:
The first ever concept was presented in 1959
by the famous professor of physics Dr.
Richard P.Feynman.
 Invention of the scanning tunneling
microscope in 1981 and the discovery of
fullerene(C60) in 1985 lead to the
emergence of nanotechnology.
The term “Nano-technology" had been
coined by Norio Taniguchi in 1974

3. Nano
• Size – 10-9 m (1 nanometer)
• Border to quantum mechanics
• Form
→ Emergent behavior
10010-9 10-6 10-3 103 106 109 m

4. WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?
Nanotechnolgy is the manipulation of
matter at the nanometer scale(10-9).
Examples.,Structures(Materials),
Devices(sensors), Systems(NEMS).
“Nanotechnology is an enabling
technology that will change the nature
of almost every human-made object in
the next century.”

5. How to produce nanoparticles?
There are two approaches.
• Top down method
• Bottom up method
Top down method:
The bulk material is converted to small(nano)
particles.eg.,Ball milling.
Bottom up method:
The gas phase into solid phase,that is from vapour to solid
materials. The Carbon gas penetrates Chemical Vapour
Deposition(CVD) chamber at certain temperature it can be
converted into gas phase to solid material.

6. Carbon nanotubes:
(Graphene sheet)
 4nm width(smaller diameter than DNA)
 100x’s stronger than steel 1/6 weight
 Thermal/electrically conductive
 Metallic and Semi-Conductive
Properties:
Highest strength
Electrical Resistance
Thermal conductive
View of Naked eye
View of TEM

7. Applications:
In electric cables and wires
In solar cells
In fabrics

8. Buckyballs-c60
Roundest and most symmetrical molecule known to man
Compressed-becomes stronger than diamond
Third major form of pure carbon
Heat resistance and electrical conductivity
Properties:
They are smaller.
They are Faster.
They are lighter.
They are Smarter.

9. Applications:
True age of Technology-Color TV.
Faster computers are emerged.

10. Quality of Product Manufacture in
Nanotechnology
Protection against wear for
machinery
Protection of soft materials
Self-cleaning surface films
•
Corrosion protection
Heat resistance
Thermal insulation
Biocompatible implants
Anti-bacterial medical
Super thin components for
transistors
Magneto-resistant sensors
and data memory
Anti-reflection screens
Smaller and more efficient
solar cell

11. Future Nanotechnology:
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), will make airplanes and
vehicles lighter and therefore help reduce fuel
consumption;
Novel lighting materials (OLED: organic light-emitting
diodes) with nanoscale layers.(compared with traditional
light bulbs = 5%);
modern automobile tires for reinforce the material and
reduce rolling resistance,.
Self-cleaning or “easy-to-clean”-coatings
wear protection products as fuel or motor oil additives
could reduce fuel consumption of vehicles and extend
engine life;

12.  Nanomaterials could improve energy generation and
energy efficiencies.
 Nanomaterials can improve the efficiency of
photovoltaic facilities;
 Dye solar cells ('Grätzel cells') with nanoscale
semiconductor
 Nano optimized lithium-ion batteries have an improved
storage an increased lifespan
 Fuel cells with nanoscale ceramic materials energy
production require less energy

13. Contribution of NanoTechnology To The Various
Fields

14. Nanotechnology used in
various field:
Mechanical Engineering/Robotics.
National Security & Defense.
Transportation.
Aerospace.
Medicine/Health.
Food and Agriculture.
Energy &Environment.
Advance Materials & Textiles.
Information Technology.
Biotechnology.

15. Today’s research in India:
Filter the water in nanotechnology.
Ready for this ‘Intelligent’ Or Biodegradable Diapers.
New approach kills the Cancer cells.
Today’s Research in World:
Molecular manufacturing is coming soon.
MNT (Molecular Nanotechnology) should probably be
developed soon.
Weapons and survillence can be made.

16. Nanotechnology use in Mechanical
Relative:
In solar cells, for instance, photons can free electrons
from a material, which can then flow as an electric
current.The role of catalysts in a plethora of chemical
reactions.
improve photovoltaic solar electricity generation;
improve solar thermal energy generation and
conversion;
improve solar-to-fuel conversions

17. Solar Cell:
There is no silver bullet – nanotechnology
applications for energy
 due toenergy generation, transformation,
distribution, storage, and usage.
nanomembranes have been used in the extraction and
processing of fossil fuels and in nuclear power.

18. IndustrialApplications of
Nanotechnology:
The use of engineered nanofibers already makes clothes
water- and stain-repellent or wrinkle-free.
It is used in surfaces and coating
Lighter and stronger materials will be of immense use to
aircraft manufacturers, leading to increased performance.
Spacecraft weight is a major factor. Nanotechnology
might thus help to reduce the size of equipment and
thereby decrease fuel-consumption required to get it
airborne.
Nanoparticles can be injected into the material on
soldiers’ uniforms to not only make the material more
durable, but also to protect soldiers.

19. Nanoweapon is the name given to military technology
exploit the power of nanotechnology in the modern
battlefield.
Grey goo an uncontrollable, self-replicating nano-
machine or robot.
The use of vanadium and molybdenum nanoparticles
improves the delayed fracture problems associated
with high strength bolts.

20. Summary:
Nanotechnology can widely be used in solar cells,
Automobiles, Military and Medicine for better beneficial
purposes.
This technology may be applied in bikes.
 The body can be made of buckypaper composite.
Buckypaper composite provides protection from
lightning strikes while reducing overall weight.
Buckypaper composite improve structural integrity.
Buckypaper allows for wireless data transfer through the
composite material.
Buckypaper fuel cell is platinum $1x.No need traditional
battery.
The surface of a buckypaper bike stores energy,reducing
weight and size.So it improves milage.

21. References:
Nanotechnology Demystified, Williams L, McGraw-Hill
2006.
Nanomaterials for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology by
Zhonglinwang.
www.crn.com
Times of India
 www.wikipedia.com