2. METHOD WHICH IS USED TO SOLVE PROBLEMS SCIENTIFICALLY.
“METHOD OF SCIENCE” OR “METHOD OF SCIENTIST”
DELIBERATE EFFORTS ARE NEEDED TO FACILITATE
MORE EFFECTIVE THAN TRADITIONAL TEACHING METHODS
WHAT IS SCIENTIFIC
METHOD?
3. PROCESS OF FINDING OUT RESULTS BY ATTACKING A
PROBLEM IN DEFINITE STEPS.
INVOLVES CRITICAL THINKING,LOGICAL
REASONING,SYSTEMATIC ORGANISATION AND
UNDERSTANDING AT EACH STEPS.
STUDENTS ARE INVOLVED IN INVESTIGATORY PROBLEMS
WHOSE SOLUTIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE IN BOOKS.
4. STEPS OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD
◦THERE ARE 6 STEPS IN SCIENTIFIC METHOD;
1. QUESTION
2. RESEARCH
3. HYPOTHESIS
4. EXPERIMENT
5. DATA ANALYSIS
6. CONCLUSION
5.
6. 1. QUESTION OR PURPOSE
IT STARTS WHEN YOU
ASK A QUESTION
ABOUT SOMETHING
THAT YOU OBSERVE
8. 2. RESEARCH
CONDUCTING BACKGROUND RESEARCH ON THE QUESTION
LEARNER CAN USE;
1. LIBRARY
2.INTERNET
3.CHECKING REFERENCES
4.VIEWING ABSTRACTS
5.INTERVIEWING EXPERTS
THE MORE WE KNOW ABOUT THE SUBJECT, THE EASIER IT WILL BE
TO CONDUCT INVESTIGATION
9.
10. 3.HYPOTHESIS
◦ THE ‘INTELLIGENT’ OR ‘EDUCATED’ GUESS.
◦ WRITTEN IN TERMS OF CAUSE AND EFFECT
◦ DESCRIBING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO PHENOMENA
◦ REJECTING A HYPOTHESIS IS MORE USEFUL THAN ACCEPTING ONE.
◦ MUST BE EASY TO MEASURE
11.
12.
13. 4.EXPERIMENT
◦ TO TEST HYPOTHESIS
◦ SHOULD BE A FAIR TEST
◦ CHANGING ONE FACTOR AT A TIME
◦ SHOULD REPEAT THE EXPERIMENT TO MAKE SURE THE RESULTS
WEREN’T JUST AN ACCIDENT
14.
15. 5.DATA ANALYSIS
◦ DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS IS TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE
HYPOTHESIS SUPPORT OR NOT
◦ IF IT IS NOT, ONE SHOULD GO BACK TO THE THIRD STAGE AND CONSTRUCT
A NEW HYPOTHESIS BASE ON THE RESULTS OF 4TH STAGE.
◦ PROCESS OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD BEGINS AGAIN.
◦ IF IT SUPPORTS, TEST IT AGAIN IN A NEW WAY.
16. ◦ RIGHT/WRONG; EITHER RESULT IS FINE.
◦ TESTING HYPOTHESIS AGAIN AND AGAIN
GIVE DIFFERENT RESULTS.
◦ COMMUNICATION OF RESULTS IS
NECESSARY.
20. ADVANTAGES
◦ DO THEIR OWN LEARNING UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF THEIR TEACHER
◦ TO PROPOSE,FORMULATE AND STRUCTURE PROBLEMS
◦ TO COLLECT VARIED INFORMATION FROM DIFFEERENT SOURCES.
◦ COLLECT EVIDENCE TO PROVE OR DISPROVE IDENTIFIED HYPOTHESIS
◦ MORE CLOSELY FAMILIAR WITH APPLICATIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS INSTEAD OF
HAVING MERE KNOWLEDGE
◦ LEARN TO SOLVE EVERYDAY PROBLEMS
21.
22. DISADVANTAGES
◦ VERY SLOW, LONG, AND TIME CONSUMING
◦ TOO MUCH EMPHASIS ON PRACTICAL WORK
◦ TEACHERS HAVE NOT PRACTICED TEACHING IN THIS
METHOD
◦ ALL STUDENTS ARE NOT CAPABLE