EDUCATIONAL POLICY OF PAKISTAN (1998 – 2010)

2. INTRODUCTION
According to the constitution of 1973, article 25
1. All citizens are equal before law and are entitled to equal protection of law.
2. There shall be no discrimination on the basis of gender alone.
 The Prime Minister advised the Ministry of Education to design a new
Education Policy in January 1998.
 The first revised draft was submitted to the Cabinet on 18 February, 1998.
 The Policy was announced in March 1998

3. Salient Features of National Education
Policy 1998-2010
 Aims and objectives of Education and Islamic Education:
 Education and training should enable the citizens of Pakistan to lead
their lives according to the teachings of Islam as laid down in the Qur'an
and Sunnah
 to educate and train them as a true practicing Muslim.
 To evolve an integrated system of national education by bringing Deeni
Madaris and modern schools closer to each stream in curriculum and
the contents of education.
 Nazira Qur'an will be introduced as a compulsory component from
grade I-VIII while at secondary level translation of the selected verses
from the Holy Qur'an will be offered.

4. Literacy and Non-Formal Education :
 Eradication of illiteracy through formal and informal means for expansion
of basic education through involvement of community.
 The current literacy rate of about 39% will be raised to 55% during the
first five years of the policy and 70% by the year 2010
 Functional literacy and income generation skills will be provided to rural
women of 15 to 25 age group and basic educational facilities will be
provided to working children
 Functional literacy will be imparted to adolescents (10-14) who missed
out the chance of primary education.

5. Elementary Education :
 About 90% of the children in the age group (5-9) will be enrolled in
schools by year 2002-03.
 Quality of primary education will be improved through revising curricula,
imparting in-service training to the teachers, raising entry qualifications
for teachers from matriculation to intermediate, revising teacher training
curricula, improving management and supervision system and reforming
the existing examination and assessment system.
 Integration of primary and middle level education in to elementary
education (I-VIII).

6.  Increasing participation rate from 46% to 65% by 2002-3 and 85% 2010
at middle level.
 At the elementary level, a system of continuous evaluation will be
adopted to ensure attainment of minimum learning competencies for
improving quality of education.
SECONDARY Education :
 One model secondary school will be set up at each district level.
 A definite vocation or a career will be introduced at secondary level. It
would be ensured that all the boys and girls, desirous of entering
secondary education, become enrolled in secondary schools.
 Curriculum for secondary and higher secondary will be revised and
multiple textbooks will be introduced.
 The participation rate will be increased from 31% to 48% by 2002-03.

7.  To increase the effectiveness of the system by institutionalizing in-
service training of teachers, teacher trainers and educational
administrators through school clustering and other techniques.
 introduction of programs of FA/F.Sc education and BA/BSc education .
 The contents and methodology parts of teacher education curricula will
be revised. Both formal and non-formal means shall be used to provide
increased opportunities of in-service training to the working teachers,
preferably at least once in five years.
 . A special package of incentives package shall be provided to rural
females to join the teaching profession. A new cadre of teacher
educators shall be created.
TEACHER ‘s Education :

8. Technical and Vocational Education :
 To develop opportunities for technical and vocational education in the country
for producing trained manpower, (industry and economic development goals.)
 To improve the quality of technical education so as to enhance the chances of
employment of Technical and vocational Education (TVE)
 Revision and updating of curricula shall be made a continuing activity to keep
pace with changing needs of the job market.
 Development of technical competence, communication skills, safety and
health measures shall be reflected in the curricula.
 Emerging technologies e.g. telecommunication, computer, electronics,
automation, petroleum, garments, food preservation, printing and graphics,
textile, mining, sugar technology, etc. greatly in demand in the job market
shall be introduced in selected polytechnics.

9. Higher Education :
 Access to higher education shall be expanded to at least 5% of the age group
17-23 by the year 2010.
 Merits shall be the only criterion for entry into higher education. Access to
higher education, therefore, shall be based on entrance tests.
 To attract highly talented qualified teachers, the university staff will be paid at
higher rates than usual grades.
 Local M.Phil. And Ph.D programs shall be launched and laboratory and library
facilities will be strengthened.
 At the minimum, 100 scholars shall be annually trained under this
arrangement.

10.  All quota/reserve seats shall be eliminated. Students from backward areas,
who clear entry tests, would compete amongst themselves.
 In order to eliminate violence, all political activities on the campus shall be
banned.
Information Technology :
 Computers shall be introduced in secondary schools in a phased manner.
 School curricula shall be revised to include recent developments in
information technology, such as software development, the Information Super
Highway designing Web Pages, etc

11. Library and Documentation Services :
 School, college and university libraries shall be equipped with the latest
reading materials/services.
 Internet connection with computer shall be given to each library.
 Mobile library services for semi-urban and remote rural areas shall be
introduced.
Private Sector in Education :
 Encouraging private investment in education. There shall be regulatory
bodies at the national and provincial levels to regulate activities and smooth
functioning of privately-managed schools and institutions of higher education
through proper rules and regulations.

12.  A reasonable tax rebate shall be granted on the expenditure incurred on the
setting-up of educational facilities by the private sector.
 Matching grants shall be provided for establishing educational institutions by
the private sector in the rural areas or poor urban areas through Education
Foundations.
 Educational institutions to be set up in the private sector shall be provided:
I. plots in residential schemes on reserve prices,
II. rebate on income tax, like industry
 Schools running on non-profit basis shall be exempted from all taxes.
 The fee structure of the privately managed educational institutions shall be
developed in consultation with the government.

13. Innovative Programes :
 Qualifying tests will become a compulsory requirement for entry to
professional education.
 Likewise, standardized tests shall be introduced for admission to general
education in universities

14. Analysis:
 If you will go through the Education policy of Pakistan from 1998 to 2010 you
would have to know that the policy is just consist on 15 points. And whole
theme of policy move around these 15 points.
So in the very first Aim and objective point we may find there that ;
 “Education and Training should enable the citizens of Pakistan to lead their
lives according to the teaching of Islam as laid down in the Quran and
Sunnah and to Educate, to train them as a true plasticizing Muslims”
And again the policy proved that it has been unsuccessful what the reasons
are? And what is the logic behind it?
 As clearly the clash between the religious and modern school and institutions
students is going on , and the battle among the modern and religious is being
fought due to un-unified, non-logic, non centralized policy. gap and gulf
between these both educational systems is clear to every body.

15. Now we turn ourselves to the 2nd point where our policy makers shown there
dream to achieve the 70% literacy rate from 39% till 70%.and it clearly seems us
impossible ,even though the project such as in province Punjab like “parha
likha” Punjab didn’t reach to the zenith .Basically they need
sincerity,professionalism,and hard working .
Policy makers in their 3rd stage relate it to the elementary education, and here
they explained that they till the 2002-3. 90% of the age of 5-9 will be enrolled in
elementary education .they will also revise the curriculum and stress will be
given to teachers training, and improvement in the management and supervision
system will be made, and same formula will be apply to the existing examination
and assessment system.

16. After the elementary stage we have now the secondary education, the
unique stuff in the secondary stage is that, it insisted that there shall be one
model school that will be setup in the district level and the participation level rate
will be increased from 31 % to 48% by 2002-03. Multiple text books will be
introduced at secondary school level.
One of the novel things in the policy is about training of secondary
teachers through workshops and refreshment cources.Both the formal and non
means shall be used to provide increased opportunities of in-service training to
the working teachers.
Three major successful and last stages are implementation of policy about the
HE and HEC, and also they stressed the need to develop the information
technology structure or the library and documentation structure to safe Your
heritage and archives.

17.  They are claimed to be competively successful phases for the policy makers
and government all because of “Dr Ata-ul-Rehman”
 HEC a successor of university grant commission in his guidance lead this
phase in right direction.
 And throughout they enhanced the standard of Higher education . That
worked for producing quality scholars; PhD’s .
 This stage insist that:
“Access to the Higher Education shall be expanded to at least 5% of the age
group 17-23 by the year 2010”.
Merit shall be the only criterion for entry to the higher Education .
The Novelty in this programme is that the split-PhD programme has been
created through this programme. 100 researcher and desirous student will be
sent to international university and institutions. And annually we will have a
trained upgraded researchers, scholars to assist our Higher education system
and standard will be only merit.

18.  HEC is the most reputable professional institute in this country, but few
complained have been received that few eligible low status student were not
selected, this is a sad thing and only God know that How much it keeps
Reality.
 In information Technology stage HEC tried to make PCs common, to common
people.
 And used PCs were imported in country at very low price.
 Few year of the policy announcement no tax was imposed on computer
hardwares.networking, band with low rate, intranet culture was developed
here to make information easy and accessible .that’s why in elementary and
secondary level computer classes were conducted, IT course was included in
the curriculum .
 The Expenditure of the Government on Education will be raised from present
level 2.2% to 4% of total GNP by The year 2002-03
