2. 2
Classical Approaches to
Management
• McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
– According to Theory X, managers believe
workers
• dislike work
• lack ambition
• are irresponsible
• are resistant to change
• prefer to be led
3. 3
Classical Approaches to
Management
• McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
– According to Theory Y, managers believe
workers
• are willing to work
• are capable of self control
• accept responsibility
• are imaginative and creative
• self-directed
4. 4
Classical Approaches to
Management
• McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
– Managers create self-fulfilling prophesies
– Theory X managers creative dependent and
reluctant workers
– Theory Y managers creates workers who
perform as expected with initiative and high
performance
• central to notions of empowerment
5. Theory X
Work is natural
Capable of self-direction
Seek responsibility
Can make good decisions
Work avoiding
Need to control
Avoid responsibility
Workers seek security
Theory Y
MCGREGOR’S THEORY X & Y
