1. ANWESH PRADHAN
MPT (Neurological & Psychosomatic Disorders)
Asst. Professor, Nopany Institute of Healthcare Studies
Consultant Physiotherapist, Mobility Physiotherapy &
Rehabilitation

2. HISTORY OF PHYSIOTHERAPY In ancient Greece, Hippocrates, Asklepiad, Galen,
Celsus, and others often used a variety of exercises,
massage, hydrotherapy, diet to treat and prevent all
sorts of diseases. Greek surgeon Antilos was the author
of works about the gym. In ancient Rome, usually
bodily exercise, massage and water procedures
involved in the baths (baths).
 Physicians like Hippocrates, Hector and
later Galenus are believed to have been the first
practitioners of physical therapy, advocating massage,
manual therapy techniques and hydrotherapy to treat
people in 460 B.C.
Anwesh,2011

3. HISTORY OF PHYSIOTHERAPY
 A very long time physical culture is used as a
prophylactic and therapeutic agent in various
diseases. Even in ancient times was used for health
promotion exercise, sauna (bath), massage,
hydrotherapy, diet and other means. For example, in
ancient India, China, Egypt in bad joint mobility used
by stretching, massage and water therapy. In ancient
Indian surgeon Sushruta in his practice applies
physical, breathing exercises, as well as massage and
hardening.
Anwesh,2011

4. HISTORY OF PHYSIOTHERAPY
 Chinese doctors were ground and pulled the joints
with different symptoms. In the book «Cong-fou»
(3000 BC) describes the active, passive and combined
exercises and massage, that is, grinding. Scientists
suggest that preventive medicine is the birthplace of
ancient China. Chinese believed the most important
aspect of disease prevention medicine. Aphorism "This
doctor is not he who heals the sick, and he who
prevents the disease" came up with the Chinese.
Anwesh,2011

5. HISTORY OF PHYSIOTHERAPY
 In ancient China, in almost every province has a medical-
school gym, where trained doctors - taosse "who knew the
technique of therapeutic exercises and massage. Similar
medical-gymnastic schools were used as health centers.
 In ancient India, yogis have used at least 800 of breathing
exercises, most of all - for holding your breath, with the
help of these exercises are prevented and treated disease.
 Ancient Egyptian doctors were struggling with rheumatism
with physical exercise, massage, diet, gidroprotsedur.
Anwesh,2011

6. HISTORY OF PHYSIOTHERAPY
 In ancient Rome, therapeutic exercise was particularly well
developed. The book Oribaza created in 360 AD, describes
almost all the materials of the time, with remedial
gymnastics play a full book. K. Galen used the gym for the
treatment and prevention of diseases of bone and muscular
systems, also at the wrong metabolism, sexual weakness,
etc., among other things, from a therapeutic purpose, he
ordered the sports exercise (rowing, walking outdoors, etc.
), picking berries, fruits and vegetables, besides excursions
and grinding. In its edition of "The Art of return to health"
K. Galen said: "Thousands and thousands of times I was
returning health to their patients through exercise."
Anwesh,2011

7. HISTORY OF PHYSIOTHERAPY
 Physiotherapy Dates back in 250 AD, when gold fish-
electric fish was used for pain relief in gout and
headache cases. Physiotherapists today use certain
type of currents to give pain relief.
 In prehistoric era, buddhists and hindus recognised
"pain as a sensation" but gave greater importance to its
emotional aspects. Non-invasive methods were used
for pain relief.
Anwesh,2011

8. HISTORY OF PHYSIOTHERAPY
 Abu Ali ibn Sina (Avicenna) in his book "Canon of
Medicine" and "Book of Healing" describes in detail the
treatment and prevention of various diseases with the help
of medical gymnastics, water treatment, hardening, diet,
etc. In the Middle Ages, occupations physiotherapy,
massage and bath has been given too little attention and
they were virtually forgotten. In 1573 published the first
textbook on gymnastics Merkuriasa "The Art of
Gymnastics". German Dr. F. Hoffmann (1660-1742)
developed a very popular at that time a non-standard
treatment system, this system takes a significant share of
the use of rubbing, diet, massage, physiotherapy,
etc. Convincing his aphorism: "The movement - the best
treatment for the body."
Anwesh,2011

9. HISTORY OF PHYSIOTHERAPY
 In 1771 published a textbook in two volumes in
orthopedics, which are described in detail gymnastics,
gidroprotsedury, massage, diet, etc. In 1780 the
published work of Tissot "Medical gymnastics, or
exercise of human organs under the laws of
physiology, hygiene and therapeutics, it sets out
descriptions of various physical exercises, massage
(rubbing) as well as their use for treating all sorts of
diseases.
Anwesh,2011

10. HISTORY OF PHYSIOTHERAPY
 In 1864, the Swede T. Brandt developed a system of
therapeutic exercise and massage to treat patients with
gynecological diseases. In 1881 the German Ertel for
the treatment of diseases of the heart and blood
vessels suggested a method of climbing in
mountainous terrain (terrenkur).
 In 1884, Schott developed exercises for heart patients,
which was based on resistance exercises. In 1889 a
Swiss doctor Frenkel proposed a set of compensatory
gymnastics for the treatment of ataxia, paralysis,
paresis, and other diseases of the nervous system.
Anwesh,2011

11. HISTORY OF MODERN
PHYSIOTHERAPY
 In 1894, there is the first evidence of a group of nurses in
the history of physiotherapy with a Chartered
Society. Within twenty years, physiotherapy programs
were set up in other countries. New Zealand's started in
1913 (University of Otago in New Zealand in 1913) and
America's in 1914 (Reed College in Portland (Oregon),
founded in 1914).
The first American professionals in the history of
physiotherapy were from the Walter Reed College and
Hospital in Portland Oregon. Rather than being called
physiotherapists, they were called reconstruction
aides. These aides were nurses and they had a physical
education background. They were important in the
recovery of many World War I veterans.Anwesh,2011

12. HISTORY OF MODERN
PHYSIOTHERAPY
 Research has been done throughout the modern history of
physiotherapy. In fact, right near the very beginning, a
research study was done in the US. It was published in 1921
named PT Review. Physiotherapy research continues today
in a myriad of specialties.
Also in 1921, the Physical Therapy Association was formed
by Mary McMillan (American Women's Physical
Therapeutic Association). This group later became the
APTA, arguably the most influential organization in the
American history of physiotherapy.
Anwesh,2011

13. HISTORY OF MODERN
PHYSIOTHERAPY
 Another landmark in the history of physiotherapy was during the
breakout of the polio epidemic. These physiotherapists did
groundbreaking work in the rehabilitation and treatment of the polio
patients. Although the primary procedures include massage and
exercise during the time, physical therapy benefited the polio patients
to a large extent. The focus on joints and use of manipulation started
gaining popularity in the 1950's.
 The Georgia Warm Springs Foundation was started in 1924 to deal with
the ever-growing epidemic of polio. The foundation offered
physiotherapy for these patients. Sister Kinney was known nationally
for her work with polio victims. She practiced at the Mayo Clinic. The
polio epidemic was a turning point in the history of physiotherapy.
Anwesh,2011

14. HISTORY OF MODERN
PHYSIOTHERAPY
 After the polio epidemic had waned, the
treatments of choice were massage, exercise, and
traction. In about 1950, chiropractic
manipulations came on the scene in the history of
physiotherapy. This was most common in Great
Britain
Anwesh,2011

15. HISTORY OF MODERN
PHYSIOTHERAPY
 The history behind physical therapy has grown and
evolved a lot over the years and its evolution is an
ongoing process. With each new innovation,
technique and procedure, the capability of the craft
that therapists use to treat t heir patients keeps getting
better. Physical therapy has come a long way since its
beginning and with a lot of success.
Anwesh,2011

16. Anwesh,2011

17. Physiotherapy Today:
 Physiotherapy today is an independent health care
profession for all the age groups from neonatal to
geriatrics. (from birth to old age.)
 The task of early intervention in neonatal cases is taken
over by a physiotherapist, new born babies with birth
defects are evaluated and treated, which helps in
minimizing disabilities and helps in early ambulation.
 Women's wellness, maintaining healthy lifestyle after
menopause needs attention.
Common problems are: obesity, Arthritis, incontinence of
urine, fatigue, aches & pains in joints etc
 Pain management in acute & chronic cases are managed by
physiotherapists.
Anwesh,2011

18. Physiotherapy Today:
 Sports physiotherapy is becoming popular amongst the young
physios. In fact special post-graduate courses are conducted by
the association, to promote this new emerging avenue of
physiotherapy.
 Industrial physiotherapy deals with ergonomics and safety
measures. Guidance on work positions etc. is given by
physiotherapists.
 Manipulative Therapy is gaining momentum due to its instant
relief in pain and increase in range of motion. Special training is
required before practicing this technique.
 Nowadays, physiotherapy as a treatment for the motion of mass
is applied in a complex of rehabilitation measures in hospitals,
dispensaries, clinics and other health care facilities.
 All these have gained immense popularity for today's
Physiotherapists.
Anwesh,2011

19. Anwesh,2011

20. Physiotherapy Tomorrow
 There is scope for physiotherapy even in space, where
there is a high possibility of gravity related injury.
 Backpain, muscle strain and headache is common in
space-craft. Micro-gravity induces calcium loss from
bones. Assessment of the limbs or back are difficult in
space.
 The future of physiotherapy for the astronauts in space
is promising. Physiotherapists can help "body
positioning", and exercises for micro-gravity posture.
Anwesh,2011

21. THANK YOU
Anwesh,2011