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DISTINCTDISTINCT
FEATURES OFFEATURES OF
INDIANINDIAN
SOCIETYSOCIETY

INDIAN NATIONAL FLAGINDIAN NATIONAL FLAG

MAP OF INDIAMAP OF INDIA

INDIAN CONSTITUTION

India-South Asian Adventure!India-South Asian Adventure!
““Unity throughUnity through
diversity” is thediversity” is the
theme of thetheme of the
approximatelyapproximately
oneone billionbillion peoplepeople
that live in athat live in a
country that is socountry that is so
big, it’s called abig, it’s called a
subcontinentsubcontinent!!

India’s People Come in All ShapesIndia’s People Come in All Shapes
and Sizes, Just Like American Peopleand Sizes, Just Like American People
 People withPeople with
different clothingdifferent clothing
 People withPeople with
different religionsdifferent religions
 People withPeople with
different foodsdifferent foods
 People withPeople with
differentdifferent
celebrationscelebrations

India’s GovernmentIndia’s Government
India is theIndia is the
world’sworld’s
largestlargest
democracydemocracy

Famous IndianFamous Indian
Gandhi,Gandhi,
India’s greatestIndia’s greatest
peacemaker,peacemaker,
who influencedwho influenced
Martin LutherMartin Luther
King, Jr.King, Jr.

Where People Live in IndiaWhere People Live in India
Many IndianMany Indian
people live inpeople live in
villages invillages in
rural Indiarural India

Where People Live in IndiaWhere People Live in India
 Other people in IndiaOther people in India
live in large cities, likelive in large cities, like
– New Dehli, the capitalNew Dehli, the capital
– Mumbai (West)Mumbai (West)
 Home of Bollywood,Home of Bollywood,
India’s HollywoodIndia’s Hollywood
– Kolkata (East)Kolkata (East)
– Deccan (SouthernDeccan (Southern
Plateau), with citiesPlateau), with cities
like Bangalore andlike Bangalore and
ChennaiChennai

India’s People Eat Many FoodsIndia’s People Eat Many Foods
 RiceRice
 VegetablesVegetables
 SeafoodSeafood
 Meat-however, cowsMeat-however, cows
are considered sacredare considered sacred
by Hindus, many ofby Hindus, many of
whom are vegetarianwhom are vegetarian
 Masala-spicesMasala-spices
 Tea-common drinkTea-common drink

India’s People Have DifferentIndia’s People Have Different
Religious BeliefsReligious Beliefs
HinduismHinduism
BuddhismBuddhism
Islam (Muslims)Islam (Muslims)
SikkhismSikkhism
ChristianityChristianity
JudaismJudaism

India’sIndia’s
HistoryHistory
 Indian civilization is ancientIndian civilization is ancient
 The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the first civilizations on earthThe Indus Valley Civilization was one of the first civilizations on earth
 The Vedic period was a time in Indian history when the Hindu religion andThe Vedic period was a time in Indian history when the Hindu religion and
caste system began in Indiacaste system began in India
 Mughal Empire was the last and the strongest Islamic empire in IndiaMughal Empire was the last and the strongest Islamic empire in India

Agra & the Taj MahalAgra & the Taj Mahal
Agra is a largeAgra is a large
city in northerncity in northern
IndiaIndia
It is the home ofIt is the home of
India’s greatestIndia’s greatest
historicalhistorical
monument, themonument, the
Taj MahalTaj Mahal

Transportation in IndiTransportation in Indiaa
 PlanesPlanes
 TrainsTrains
 CarsCars
 RickshawsRickshaws
 Camel & donkeyCamel & donkey
cartscarts
 BicyclesBicycles
 WalkingWalking

Traditional Music of IndiaTraditional Music of India
HindustaniHindustani
means classicalmeans classical
music of Northmusic of North
IndiaIndia
Carnatic meansCarnatic means
classical musicclassical music
of South Indiaof South India

Traditional ElementsTraditional Elements
of Indian Musicof Indian Music
MelodyMelody (raga)(raga)
DroneDrone
(harmony)(harmony)
RhythmRhythm (tala)(tala)

Indian InstrumentsIndian Instruments
StringString
WindWind
PercussionPercussion

India’s People and the MusicalIndia’s People and the Musical
Instruments of India Are Very Diverse!Instruments of India Are Very Diverse!
India, theIndia, the
land ofland of
“Unity“Unity
throughthrough
diversity!”diversity!”

FEATURES OF INDIAN RURALFEATURES OF INDIAN RURAL
SOCIETYSOCIETY
 The village is the oldest permanent community of man. All earlyThe village is the oldest permanent community of man. All early
communities were basically rural in character. Bogardus says,communities were basically rural in character. Bogardus says,
“Human society has been cradled in the rural group”. The rural“Human society has been cradled in the rural group”. The rural
community is simply means a community that consists of peoplecommunity is simply means a community that consists of people
living in a limited physical area and who have common interests andliving in a limited physical area and who have common interests and
common ways of satisfying them. Each society consists of differentcommon ways of satisfying them. Each society consists of different
parts, such as individuals, groups, institutions, associations, andparts, such as individuals, groups, institutions, associations, and
communities. The simplest analogy one can think of at this point iscommunities. The simplest analogy one can think of at this point is
that of an organism that has different components working togetherthat of an organism that has different components working together
as a whole. Society is a system like any other system, such as theas a whole. Society is a system like any other system, such as the
solar system. According to A.W. Green, “A rural community is asolar system. According to A.W. Green, “A rural community is a
cluster of people living within a narrow territorial radius who share acluster of people living within a narrow territorial radius who share a
common way of life”.common way of life”.

FEATURES OF INDIAN URBANFEATURES OF INDIAN URBAN
SOCIETYSOCIETY
 The nature of urban society as represented in thoughts of urbanThe nature of urban society as represented in thoughts of urban
theorists of modern city greatly has contrasting indifferences in theirtheorists of modern city greatly has contrasting indifferences in their
views. Every place has its distinctive urban characteristicviews. Every place has its distinctive urban characteristic
determined by variables as mix of power, space, market and culturaldetermined by variables as mix of power, space, market and cultural
practices.practices.
 As a result of development in science and technology, there hasAs a result of development in science and technology, there has
been industrial development. Due to industrial development there isbeen industrial development. Due to industrial development there is
urbanization as a result of which urban societies created. Everyurbanization as a result of which urban societies created. Every
country has its own urban society. Every village possesses somecountry has its own urban society. Every village possesses some
elements of the city while every city carries some feature of theelements of the city while every city carries some feature of the
villages. Different criteria are used to decide a community as urban.villages. Different criteria are used to decide a community as urban.
Some of them are, for example, population, legal limits, types ofSome of them are, for example, population, legal limits, types of
occupations, social organizations. The city in the words of Louisoccupations, social organizations. The city in the words of Louis
wirth refers to “a relatively large, dense and permanent settlement ofwirth refers to “a relatively large, dense and permanent settlement of
socially heterogeneous individuals.”socially heterogeneous individuals.”

FORMS OF DIVERSITY INFORMS OF DIVERSITY IN
INDIINDIAA
LINGUISTICLINGUISTIC
DIVERSITYDIVERSITY
RACIAL DIVERSITYRACIAL DIVERSITY
ETHNIC DIVERSITYETHNIC DIVERSITY

LINGUISTIC DIVERSITYLINGUISTIC DIVERSITY
 The high degree of large diversity found in India is due to the existence ofThe high degree of large diversity found in India is due to the existence of
diverse population groups. The greatest variety in languages can be founddiverse population groups. The greatest variety in languages can be found
in the one of the biggest democracies in the world. Most of these languagesin the one of the biggest democracies in the world. Most of these languages
are distinct and have their own distinct form of writing and speech. Theare distinct and have their own distinct form of writing and speech. The
dictionary defines ‘Diversity’, as variety or different. Languages are defineddictionary defines ‘Diversity’, as variety or different. Languages are defined
as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.
 In India, the tribal communities are smallest in geographical spread and inIn India, the tribal communities are smallest in geographical spread and in
population strength. They cover only 8.8% (1991census) of the Indianpopulation strength. They cover only 8.8% (1991census) of the Indian
population. Not only we should consider linguistic diversity as a resource ofpopulation. Not only we should consider linguistic diversity as a resource of
human kind but also should conceive both the decline in the number ofhuman kind but also should conceive both the decline in the number of
languages and the emerging trend in having mono linguistic dominance overlanguages and the emerging trend in having mono linguistic dominance over
small languages as a threat to our plural existence. It is to be accepted thatsmall languages as a threat to our plural existence. It is to be accepted that
even in the very ecological sense, like bio-diversity, linguistic diversityeven in the very ecological sense, like bio-diversity, linguistic diversity
should also need to maintain.should also need to maintain.

RACIAL DIVERSITYRACIAL DIVERSITY
 Race is a concept. The term race is used in various senses, even byRace is a concept. The term race is used in various senses, even by
human biologists, not to speak of politicians, historians and otherhuman biologists, not to speak of politicians, historians and other
who have little interest in biological races. The racial classificationswho have little interest in biological races. The racial classifications
are made on the basis of certain genetic traits. Such types of traitsare made on the basis of certain genetic traits. Such types of traits
used in classification of races are referred to as racial criteria. Theused in classification of races are referred to as racial criteria. The
racial criteria should fulfill certain requirements. Body suggested aracial criteria should fulfill certain requirements. Body suggested a
few conditions which should be satisfied by criteria chosen for racialfew conditions which should be satisfied by criteria chosen for racial
classification. Most contemporary anthropologists classify Indiansclassification. Most contemporary anthropologists classify Indians
as belonging to one of four major ethno-racial groups, which oftenas belonging to one of four major ethno-racial groups, which often
overlap with each other because of a continuous process of racialoverlap with each other because of a continuous process of racial
admixture: Caucasoid, Mongoloids and Negritos. Mongoloids areadmixture: Caucasoid, Mongoloids and Negritos. Mongoloids are
largely confined to the Northeastern region of the country and forlargely confined to the Northeastern region of the country and for
the most part, speak Tibeto-Burman languages;the most part, speak Tibeto-Burman languages;

ETHNIC DIVERSETHNIC DIVERSITYITY
 Unity holds tightly together the various relationships of ethnic groups orUnity holds tightly together the various relationships of ethnic groups or
institution in a detailed manner through the bonds of contrived structures,institution in a detailed manner through the bonds of contrived structures,
norms and values. It has also been described as a social psychologicalnorms and values. It has also been described as a social psychological
condition. However, unity does not mean uniformity which implies similaritycondition. However, unity does not mean uniformity which implies similarity
unity may be born out of similarity. Macionis John, define as “ethnos in theunity may be born out of similarity. Macionis John, define as “ethnos in the
narrow meaning of word in the most general form can be defined as anarrow meaning of word in the most general form can be defined as a
historically formed community of the people possessing common relativelyhistorically formed community of the people possessing common relatively
stable, specific features of culture as well being aware of their unity andstable, specific features of culture as well being aware of their unity and
difference from their communities”.difference from their communities”.
 Ethnic group is a social category of people who shared common culture,Ethnic group is a social category of people who shared common culture,
common language or dialect, a common religion, a common norm,common language or dialect, a common religion, a common norm,
practices, customs and history. Ethnic group have a consciousness of theirpractices, customs and history. Ethnic group have a consciousness of their
own culture bound. India is an ethnological museum. The waves ofown culture bound. India is an ethnological museum. The waves of
immigration have drawn the ancestors of the majority of present populationimmigration have drawn the ancestors of the majority of present population
into India from the surrounding territories across the Himalayas. 1. Theinto India from the surrounding territories across the Himalayas. 1. The
Negrito, 2. Proto – Austroloid, 3. Mongoloids, 4. Mediterranean or Dravidian,Negrito, 2. Proto – Austroloid, 3. Mongoloids, 4. Mediterranean or Dravidian,
5. Western Brachycephals, 6. Nordic Aryans5. Western Brachycephals, 6. Nordic Aryans

POLITICAL UNITYPOLITICAL UNITY
 India is a plural society both in letter and spirit. It isIndia is a plural society both in letter and spirit. It is
rightly characterized by its unity and diversity. Nationalrightly characterized by its unity and diversity. National
unity and integrity have been maintained even thoughunity and integrity have been maintained even though
sharp economic and social inequalities have obstructedsharp economic and social inequalities have obstructed
the emergence of egalitarian from other parts of thethe emergence of egalitarian from other parts of the
world and the existence of diverse language, culturesworld and the existence of diverse language, cultures
and religions have made India’s culture tolerance. Pastand religions have made India’s culture tolerance. Past
independent India is a nation united against several adsindependent India is a nation united against several ads
and obstacles’. The country is inhabited by peopleand obstacles’. The country is inhabited by people
belonging to all socio-economic strata. The five yearbelonging to all socio-economic strata. The five year
plans and several other developmental schemes areplans and several other developmental schemes are
geared to the upliftment of the poor and weaker sectionsgeared to the upliftment of the poor and weaker sections
of societyof society

RELIGIONS, CASTE ANDRELIGIONS, CASTE AND
CLASS IN INDIACLASS IN INDIA
 There are two main forms of social stratification-caste and class.There are two main forms of social stratification-caste and class.
Both are the agencies of social mobility and selection. They decideBoth are the agencies of social mobility and selection. They decide
largely the position that a man occupies in society. The range oflargely the position that a man occupies in society. The range of
one's social contracts is almost fixed by one's status in society.one's social contracts is almost fixed by one's status in society.
Caste is associated above all the cultures of the IndianCaste is associated above all the cultures of the Indian
subcontinent. The term ‘Caste’ itself is not an Indian one, comingsubcontinent. The term ‘Caste’ itself is not an Indian one, coming
from the Portuguese ‘Caste’ meaning, ‘race’ or ‘pure stock’. Indiansfrom the Portuguese ‘Caste’ meaning, ‘race’ or ‘pure stock’. Indians
themselves have no single term for describing the caste system asthemselves have no single term for describing the caste system as
a whole but a variety of words referring to different aspects of it, thea whole but a variety of words referring to different aspects of it, the
two main ones being varna and Jati. The Varna consists of fourtwo main ones being varna and Jati. The Varna consists of four
categories, each ranked differently in terms of social honour. Belowcategories, each ranked differently in terms of social honour. Below
these four groupings are the 'untouchables', those in the lowestthese four groupings are the 'untouchables', those in the lowest
position of all. The Jati are locally defined groups within which theposition of all. The Jati are locally defined groups within which the
caste ranks are organized.caste ranks are organized.

SUBJECTSUBJECT
TEACHERTEACHER
MRS. RATNAMRS. RATNA
SRIVASTAVASRIVASTAVA

GROUPGROUP
LEADERLEADER
AMANAMAN
GUPTAGUPTA

GROUPGROUP
MEMBERSMEMBERS Aditya SinghAditya Singh
 Aditya PathakAditya Pathak
 Akhand Pratap SinghAkhand Pratap Singh
 Anubhav AsthanaAnubhav Asthana
 Akhil TiwariAkhil Tiwari
 Aman GuptaAman Gupta
 Ansh SharmaAnsh Sharma
 Kumar GauravKumar Gaurav

THANK
THANK
YOU
YOU